Handling media queries with preprocessors is very cool, but I didn't found a way to group same rules to avoid repeated media queries rules like:
Example 1
#media only screen and (max-width: 600px) {
body {
background-color: #f00;
}
}
#media only screen and (max-width: 600px) {
.div1 {
background-color: #0c0;
}
}
#media only screen and (max-width: 600px) {
.div2 {
background-color: #00c;
}
}
I to want to group the same rules into a single one like:
Example 2
#media only screen and (max-width: 600px) {
body {
background-color: #f00;
}
.div1 {
background-color: #0c0;
}
.div2 {
background-color: #00c;
}
}
MY STYLUS CODE
This is how I am handling the media queries in Stylus:
media_queries = {
mobile : "only screen and (max-width: 600px)",
tablet : "only screen and (min-width: 601px) and (max-width: 800px)",
desktop : "only screen and (min-width: 801px)"
}
And I have a function to call the media sizes:
for_breakpoint(breakpoints)
conditions = ()
for breakpoint in breakpoints
push(conditions, media_queries[breakpoint])
conditions = join(", ", conditions)
#media conditions
{block}
After that, I call it inside the rules I want to have a specific media query:
+for_breakpoint(mobile)
.div1
background-color red
But the problem is that i ends having a tons of repeated media queries like the ones on example 1. Is there a way to group them like the example 2?
Use plugin groupCssMediaQueries:
gulp.task('css', function() {
gulp.src('./styl/*.styl')
.pipe(stylus({
use: nib()
}))
.pipe(groupCssMediaQueries())
.pipe(gulp.dest('./public/css/'))
})
I am creating an SCSS grid with specific problem - I would like to use one variable name, for instance $pad (for padding values), but that $pad variable would need to be different in different media breakpoints.
Variable value is first set through out mixins that dynamically create breakpoints and set $pad value within them.
// Default value
$pad: 0;
#mixin resolution($breakpointName, someOtherValues) {
#if ($breakpointName == 'mobile') {
#media (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 520px) {
$pad: 20px;
#content;
}
}
#else {
#media (min-width: 521px) {
$pad: 30px;
#content;
}
}
}
When I start to write code, I would like to use it like this
#include resolution(mobile) {
.test {
padding: $pad;
}
}
Here is the problem. While using libsass (NPM gulp-sass), variable $pad is passed as I intended and it outputs following CSS
// THIS IS OK - gulp-sass
#media (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 520px) {
.test {
padding: 20px;
}
}
But if I use latest Ruby SASS to compile CSS through NPM gulp-ruby-sass, it outputs only default value for $pad
// THIS IS WRONG - gulp-ruby-sass
#media (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 520px) {
.test {
padding: 0;
}
}
Where is the problem here? Is it my idea or is it a bug in either libsass or ruby sass?
If my idea is the problem, is there a way to achieve what I wanted somehow?
Ruby Sass is correct. Your value should be 0.
LibSass has a tendency to behind in features and behavior. It is emulating the behavior of Sass 3.3, which freely has access to global variables from within mixins/functions. There isn't a way to do this that will work with both Sass 3.4 and LibSass. The syntax you need to use to be able to access global variables is not backwards compatible.
Either drop down to Sass 3.3 (and live with the deprecated warnings) or forget about being able to use LibSass.
Your mixin will need to look like this for Sass 3.4 to work as desired:
#mixin resolution($breakpointName) {
#if ($breakpointName == 'mobile') {
#media (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 520px) {
$pad: 20px !global;
#content;
}
}
#else {
#media (min-width: 521px) {
$pad: 30px !global;
#content;
}
}
}
I'm trying to combine the use of a Sass variable with #media queries as follows:
$base_width:1160px;
#media screen and (max-width: 1170px) {$base_width: 960px;}
#media screen and (min-width: 1171px) {$base_width: 1160px;}
$base_width is then defined at various points in the stylesheet width percentage-based measurements to produce fluid layouts.
When I do this, the variable seems to be recognized properly but the conditions for the media query are not. For example, the above code produces an 1160px layout regardless of screen width. If I flip-flop the #media statements like so:
#media screen and (min-width: 1171px) {$base_width: 1160px;}
#media screen and (max-width: 1170px) {$base_width: 960px;}
It produces a 960px layout, again regardless of screen width. Also note that if I remove the first line of $base_width: 1160px; it returns an error for an undefined variable. Any ideas what I'm missing?
This is simply not possible. Since the trigger #media screen and (max-width: 1170px) happens on the client-side.
Achieving your expected result would only be possible if SASS grabbed all rules and properties in your stylesheet containing your $base_width variable and copied/changed them accordingly.
Since it won't work automatically you could do it by hand like this:
#media screen and (max-width: 1170px)
$base_width: 960px // you need to indent it to (re)set it just within this media-query
// now you copy all the css rules/properties that contain or are relative to $base_width e.g.
#wrapper
width: $base_width
...
#media screen and (min-width: 1171px)
$base_width: 1160px
#wrapper
width: $base_width
...
This is not really DRY but the best you can do.
If the changes are the same every time you could also prepare a mixin containing all the changing values, so you wouldn't need to repeat it. Additionally you can try to combine the mixin with specific changes. Like:
#media screen and (min-width: 1171px)
+base_width_changes(1160px)
#width-1171-specific-element // additional specific changes, that aren't in the mixin
display: block
And the Mixin would look like this
=base_width_changes($base_width)
#wrapper
width: $base_width
Similar to Philipp Zedler's answer, you can do it with a mixin. That lets you have everything in a single file if you want.
#mixin styling($base-width) {
// your SCSS here, e.g.
#Contents {
width: $base-width;
}
}
#media screen and (max-width: 1170px) {
#include styling($base-width: 960px);
}
#media screen and (min-width: 1171px) {
#include styling($base-width: 1160px);
}
This isn't possible with SASS, but it is possible with CSS variables (or CSS custom properties). The only drawback is browser support – but there's actually a PostCSS plugin - postcss-css-variables - that "flattens" the use of CSS variables (which gives you support for older browsers, too).
The following example works great with SASS (and with postcss-css-variables you get support for older browsers too).
SCSS
$mq-laptop: 1440px;
$mq-desktop: 1680px;
:root {
--font-size-regular: 14px;
--gutter: 1rem;
}
// The fact that we have to use a `max-width` media query here, so as to not
// overlap with the next media query, is a quirk of postcss-css-variables
#media (min-width: $mq-laptop) and (max-width: $mq-desktop - 1px) {
:root {
--font-size-regular: 16px;
--gutter: 1.5rem;
}
}
#media (min-width: $mq-desktop) {
:root {
--font-size-regular: 18px;
--gutter: 1.75rem;
}
}
.my-element {
font-size: var(--font-size-regular);
padding: 0 calc(var(--gutter) / 2);
}
This would result in the following CSS. The repetitive media queries will increase the file size, but I have found that the increase is usually negligible once the web server applies gzip (which it will usually do automatically).
CSS
.my-element {
font-size: 14px;
padding: 0 calc(1rem / 2);
}
#media (min-width: 1680px) {
.my-element {
padding: 0 calc(1.75rem / 2);
}
}
#media (min-width: 1440px) and (max-width: 1679px) {
.my-element {
padding: 0 calc(1.5rem / 2);
}
}
#media (min-width: 1680px) {
.my-element {
font-size: 18px;
}
}
#media (min-width: 1440px) and (max-width: 1679px) {
.my-element {
font-size: 16px;
}
}
Edit: Please do not use this solution. The answer by ronen is much better.
As a DRY solution, you can use the #import statement inside a media query, e.g. like this.
#media screen and (max-width: 1170px) {
$base_width: 960px;
#import "responsive_elements";
}
#media screen and (min-width: 1171px) {
$base_width: 1160px;
#import "responsive_elements";
}
You define all responsive elements in the file included using the variables defined in the media query. So, all you need to repeat is the import statement.
With #ronen's great answer and a map, there's some real power available:
#mixin styling($map) {
.myDiv {
background: map-get($map, 'foo');
font-size: map-get($map, 'bar');
}
}
#media (min-height: 500px) {
#include styling((
foo: green,
bar: 50px
));
}
#media (min-height: 1000px) {
#include styling((
foo: red,
bar: 100px
));
}
It's now possible to have lots more DRY media queries targeting .myDiv with a bunch of different values.
Map docs: https://sass-lang.com/documentation/functions/map
Example map usage: https://www.sitepoint.com/using-sass-maps/
I had the same problem.
The $menu-width variable should be 240px on the mobile view #media only screen and (max-width : 768px) and 340px on the desktop view.
So i have simply created two variables:
$menu-width: 340px;
$menu-mobile-width: 240px;
And here is how i have used it:
.menu {
width: $menu-width;
#media only screen and (max-width : 768px) {
width: $menu-mobile-width;
}
}
Two recommendations
1
Write your "default" CSS statements to be for small screens and only use media queries for larger screens. There's usually no need for a max-width media query.
Example (assuming the element has class "container")
#mixin min-width($width) {
#media screen and (max-width: $width) {
#content;
}
}
.container {
width: 960px;
#include min-width(1170px) {
width: 1160px;
}
}
2 Use CSS variables to solve the problem, if you can.
#mixin min-width($width) {
#media screen and (max-width: $width) {
#content;
}
}
:root {
--container-width: 960px;
#include min-width(1170px) {
--container-width: 1160px;
}
}
.container {
width: var(--container-width);
}
Note:
Since it will have the width of 1160px when the window has a width of 1170px, it may be better to use a width of 100% and max-width of 1160px, and the parent element might have a horizontal padding of 5px, as long as the box-sizing property is set to border-box. There are a lot of ways to solve the problem. If the parent is not a flex or grid container you might use .container { margin: auto }.
This is also possible with %placeholders.
%placeholders can be wrapped in media queries. So you could set up multiple variables to use at different screen sizes, and then the placeholders would automagically pre-process accordingly. I'm using some mixins to shorten my media query declarations here also.
In your _vars.scss file:
$width-1: 960px;
$width-2: 1160px;
In your _placeholders.scss file:
%variable-site-width {
#media screen and (max-width: 1170px) { width: $width-1; }
#media screen and (min-width: 1171px) { width: $width-2; }
}
In your page.scss file:
.wrapper. { #extend %variable-site-width; background: red; etc... }
And this will compile to something similar to:
#media screen and (max-width: 1170px) {
.wrapper { width: 960px; }
}
#media screen and (min-width: 1171px) {
.wrapper { width: 1160px; }
}
Voila!
I use this technique extensively for things like variable font sizes and a raft of other things.
I'm getting errors compiling my Sass files using media query mixins. I followed several tutorials, but it won't compile. I'm using Sass 3.3.0.alpha.67 (Bleeding Edge).
Here's my code
/* Included at the end */
#mixin mobile-only {
#media (max-width : 320px) {
#content;
}
}
/* Included where the rest of my sass is */
body { #include mobile-only {
display: none;
}
}
I'm using Scout to compile and watch for changes. Is there anything else I need to be doing?
Doesn't seem to be an issue anymore. The slightly modified code is explained in this codepen http://codepen.io/danielcgold/pen/RRNrPQ.
#mixin start-desktop-size {
#media (min-width: 1024px) {
#content;
}
}
body {
#include start-desktop-size {
background: red;
}
}
I really enjoyed finding out you could create a media query variable that you can easily reuse and makes your code much more readable.
#tablet: ~"(min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 980px)";
#media #tablet { ... }
I want to know if it's possible to group a media query with a selector. It doesn't appear to work the way I've implemented it, but I thought I'd ask to see if it's even probable.
#tablet: ~"(min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 980px)";
body {
aside { ... }
&.homepage,
#media #tablet {
aside { ... }
}
}
I understand that media queries are different from run-of-the-mill selectors because you have to define your selectors inside of the media query, but is there some voodoo LESS way to accomplish grouping like this?
I'm not a 100% certain of the output you are going for, but this LESS only defines the color red once, and applies it to both:
#tablet: ~"(min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 980px)";
body {
aside { color: blue }
&.homepage {
aside { color: red }
}
#media #tablet {
.homepage;
}
}
Yields this CSS:
body aside {
color: #0000ff;
}
body.homepage aside {
color: #ff0000;
}
#media (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 980px) {
body aside {
color: #ff0000;
}
}