So I'm having an issue with consistent sizing of "em" values and I can't seem to figure out why.
I am using SCSS for my site and preprocessing all my SCSS files to a single CSS file.
Let me illustrate how my structure is set up.
/* Value used for border width
$defaultBorderWidth: $sizeSmallest; */
.test {
width: 5em;
height: 5em;
border-style: solid;
border-width: 0.15em; /* normally $defaultBorderWidth */
}
.test div {
width: 1em;
height: 1em;
border-style: solid;
border-width: 0.15em; /* normally $defaultBorderWidth */
}
<!doctype html>
<html>
<head>
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, minimum-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=3.0">
</head>
<body>
<div class="test">
<div></div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
This in turn shows the result I am expecting, which is a 2px border on both div tags. I am able to replicate this on my site in exactly the same way.
My issue is that in some of my widgets, there are instances where I get a 3px border instead of 2px.
I've read that my border-width could be cascading with another attribute value, but for the life of me can't figure out where or why it's happening. When I look at the developer tools in my browsers I see all instances of border-width are 0.15em.
If an explanation / debug cannot be determined, I can provide a live site example, with the expectation that it will be corrected on the live site ( FYI for future viewers of this article ).
since095 provided the answer to use rem as opposed to em. Where rem always uses the root default font size of the <html> tag (which you can override), in contrast em uses the current tag font size and adjusts other em values accordingly (good for inheritance).
There are advantages and disadvantages of both, and it really comes down to how you intend to structure your site. Inheritance can get messy and complicated really fast, but if used correctly can be very powerful. Controlling every aspect of your site with uniform measurements can help streamline and simplify, but doesn't carry the power of inheritance.
I've come across those that suggest a combination of the two, using rem to set constants such as font size, borders, and em for spacing such as margins and padding.
Below is an example of the use of using rem and em.
.testRem h1 {
border-style: solid;
font-size: 3rem;
width: 15rem;
height: 3rem;
margin: 0.5rem;
border-width: 0.5rem;
}
.testEm h1 {
border-style: solid;
font-size: 3em;
width: 5em;
height: 3em;
margin: 0.5em;
border-width: 0.5em;
}
<!doctype html>
<html>
<head>
</head>
<body>
<div class="testRem">
<h1>Test rem</h1>
<div class="testEm">
<h1>Test em</h1>
</div>
</body>
</html>
Related
I'm trying to get hyphens working on text that has <span> elements inside for highlighting. This seems to break the hyphen algorithm. Is there any way to fix the behaviour so that hyphens are placed the same as without <span> elements?
I'm not asking about a workaround like
The Code (sandbox: https://codepen.io/anon/pen/ayzxpM):
.limit {
max-width: 50px;
hyphens: auto;
font-size: 20px;
background-color: #eee;
}
span {
color: red;
}
<div class="limit">
<p>
Appletreefruitthing
</p>
<p>
Apple<span>tree</span>fruitthing
</p>
</div>
Using the lang attribute
Adding the lang attribute as Vadim Ovchinnikov suggested (<div class="limit" lang="en">) can lead better results on some platform/browser combinations. On Firefox 54, Windows 10 this is the result:
But even that seems buggy. The hyphen should be black in my opinon and the hyphen algorithm seems to miss the chance to make a line break between "fruit" and "tree", also completly ignoring the max-width that is set for the container.
Actually, it does work with spans, in a number of browsers. You just used a word that is not recognized. Here's an example with a normal English word, that works in IE (should also work in Edge) and FF on Win7:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, user-scalable=yes, initial-scale=1">
<title>Demo</title>
<style>
div {
max-width: 50px;
-webkit-hyphens: auto;
-moz-hyphens: auto;
-ms-hyphens: auto;
hyphens: auto;
font-size: 20px;
background-color: #eee;
}
span {
color: red;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div>
<p>Incomprehensibilities</p>
<p>Incom<span>pre</span>hensibilities</p>
</div>
</body>
</html>
It does not work in Chrome on Win, because that currently (June 2018) still does not support hyphens at all. It also does not work in any iOS browser. So you will have to use soft hyphens after all. But as you stated that you were curious about the mechanism, I thought it worthwhile to still post this answer.
Chrome has only partial support for hyphens property (only Mac and Android platforms), so you can't make it work on Windows.
I don't see any difference between span presence and absence in Firefox, IE and Edge (all on Windows) for this code.
To make it work there you'll need set lang for container and add vendor prefixes (for -ms-hyphens IE/Edge and -webkit-hyphens for Safari). Demo:
.limit {
max-width: 50px;
font-size: 20px;
/* Safari */
-webkit-hyphens: auto;
/* IE, Edge */
-ms-hyphens: auto;
hyphens: auto;
background-color: #eee;
}
span {
color: red;
}
<div class="limit" lang="en">
<p>
Appletreefruitthing
</p>
<p>
Apple<span>tree</span>fruitthing
</p>
</div>
To work in all browsers you may shouldn't use CSS hyphens property, just insert manually where you want hyphens.
.limit {
max-width: 50px;
font-size: 20px;
background-color: #eee;
}
span {
color: red;
}
<div class="limit">
<p>
Appletreefruitthing
</p>
<p>
Apple<span>tree</span>fruitthing
</p>
</div>
hyphens: manual
togteher with
might work
see documentation here
https://css-tricks.com/almanac/properties/h/hyphenate/
this code on codepen seems to work
<div class="limit">
<p>
Appletreefruitthing
</p>
<p>
Apple<span>tree</span>fruitthing
</p>
</div>
CSS
.limit {
hyphens: manual;
}
I understood that the default font-size was 16px on browsers. Then why is the height of the inline-block(12px) same as the font-size (I've tried in Chrome and FF) ? Please help me understand. Thank you.
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
body {
font: 100% helvetica, arial, sans-serif;
line-height: 1.625;
}
#tempTest {
display: inline-block;
width: 10px;
height: 12px;
background-color: orange;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<p class="heading"><span id="tempTest"></span>Remember, when you were young, you shone like a sun. Shine on you crazy diamond</p>
</body>
</html>
If you inspect the inline box using a browser’s Developer Tools (hit F12 to open them), you can see that its height is indeed 12px, as set in your code. This happens because there is nothing in it that would require more height; in general, the exact calculation of heights of inline blocks is browser-dependent.
The font size of the text is still the browser default, typically 16px. The font size does not mean the height of any particular letter. It is just a fundamental property of the font; typographers usually design characters so that they - together with ascenders, descenders, and diacritic marks - fit into the limits set by the font size (or extend over them just a little), and normally most letters have smaller height.
<div class="HeaderLink" id="Home">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
<title>MDB1</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="Index.css" />
</head>
<body id="HeaderFive">
<div class="HeadPanelElement" lang="en" id="HeadPanel"> Blog
Videos
Home
Contact
About MDB1 </div>
</body>
</html>
</div>
#charset "utf-8";
/* CSS Document */
.HeadPanelElement{
position: absolute;
width: 10%;
left: -10%;
}
#HeadPanel{
left: 15%;
width: 100%;
height: 100%;
font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", Times, serif;
border: dashed;
border-color: #C00;
border-width: 2px;
font-size: 1em;
Intentions are for the page to layout like this
Why aren't the position attributes working?
quick to do ...
#HeadPanel
{
display: inline;
width: 100%;
}
.HeadPanelElement
{
width: 10%;
/* or
padding: 10px; */
}
the real factor here is the display: inline; which will layout the div in a side by side fashion.
You are using 'left:' but you didn't include 'position:absolute'? Try that maybe it might help.
position: absolute; will help you get that interesting layout.
For declarations like left and top to make any sense, you need to apply them to positioned elements:
#foo {
position:absolute;
top:10%;
left:25%;
}
Your elements don't appear to have be positioned as absolute or relative.
There are many other problems with your markup as well that will cause many, many problems. All of your markup should go within the body tag:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Foo Example</title>
<style type="text/css">
#foo {
position:absolute;
top:10%; left:10%;
background:yellow;
padding:10px 20px;
border:1px solid #000;
color:#000;
width:30%
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<!-- all markup goes here -->
<div id="foo">Hello World</div>
<!-- all markup goes here -->
</body>
</html>
Online Demo: http://jsbin.com/efukol/edit
There are a few things going on here:
The A element is inline, and things will sit right next to each other, like BlogVideosHomeContactAbout MDB1, as I am sure you have already seen.
This LOOKS like a list or menu, so use the appropriate markup. List markup would be best, or if you want to try HTML5, there is already the NAV element with is specifically for that purpose.
I notice that you are not using URLs in the a elements. It is better to use something which will not generate a 404 on the server.
Why are you bothering with target="_self" unless you are using frames, and if that is the case, please Google for Frames are Evil. If not, then A) _self is redundant, B) if you are using a Strict doctype, the target attribute is deprecated for accessibility reasons.
Naming your CSS file index.css might get you in trouble if the server is configured to use index. with ANY suffix to as the default page. Better would be something like style.css.
Now to get these things going across, you can go a few ways:
/* CSS using line list markup */
#HeadPanel ul {list-style-type:none;}
#HeadPanel ul li {display:inline; padding:.25em 1em .25em 1em}
/* CSS using floats list markup */
#HeadPanel ul {list-style-type:none;}
#HeadPanel ul li {display:block;float:left;margin: 0 .1em 0 .1em;padding:.25em;}
#HeadPanel ul li a {display:block; /*what ever else you want to do */}
Using current CSS and not CSS3, is there any way of specifying a raised type border style? I would like to somehow emphasize my menu. Basically I am after a border that has has a rounded edge, not rounded corners.
With CSS 2.1 and prior you can use double, ridge, groove, inset, or outset. I've put together a simple demo file for you to play around with and test the various border styles available to you.
<!DOCTYPE HTML>
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
<title>Border Styles</title>
<style type="text/css" media="screen">
body { background: #999; }
div { background: #eee; float: left; margin: 10px; padding: 10px; height: 100px; width: 100px; }
.double { border: 4px double #ccc; }
.ridge { border: 4px ridge #ccc; }
.groove { border: 4px groove #ccc; }
.inset { border: 4px inset #ccc; }
.outset { border: 4px outset #ccc; }
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="double">double</div>
<div class="ridge">ridge</div>
<div class="groove">groove</div>
<div class="inset">inset</div>
<div class="outset">outset</div>
</body>
</html>
You cannot make a rounded-corner without the CSS3 spec border-radius property. If you want to do this you should use a script like Modernizr to provide alternate support for browsers that cannot support CSS3.
Not without images. And CSS3 could be called current CSS, at least in implemenation with WebKit and to a lesser extent Gecko.
IE is playing slow paced catch up too :)
You could try and make a raised border by having a few child elements, all with a border and with a lighter shade of colour as you reach the outside border.
Also, you can cause 1px notched corners too with negative margins and CSS. It can also be argued you can make rounded borders without border-radius, but the HTML and CSS are quite horrendous (think of all the child elements with negative margins etc)
Given the following markup
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML Strict//EN"><META http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
<HTML xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<style type="text/css">
div.apartBox
{
padding:12px;
background: #FFFFFF;
border: solid 1px #6182A3;
}
.browser
{
background: #fff;
border: solid 1px #0055E3;
border-top: solid 12px #0055E3;
border-bottom: solid 4px #7A99C5;
padding:10px 10px 8px 14px;
color: #333;
font: 0.8em/1 arial;
margin: 8px 20px;
}
.callout
{
background: #EEF2F0;
border: solid 1px #9CC7C0;
padding:8px;
}
</style>
</head>
<BODY>
<div class="apartBox" id="subPopout" style="Z-INDEX: 2; WIDTH: 400px; POSITION: relative">
<div id="upSubPop">
<div class="callout" id="subDetails">
<div class="browser">
<span id="txtExample">Me afecta que digan que soy incapaz.</span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</BODY></HTML>
The styles from the css .browser and .callout are not visible in IE6 unless I manually remove the position:relative style from subPopout. This div is generated automatically from a modal popup so I unfortunately can't touch this style. It displays fine in FF. If I select the .browser div with my mouse, it displays when I unselect it!
Why are these styles not visible in IE6
To be short, because it's IE6!
Can the box have a fixed height?
If yes, a possible solution would be to set a fixed size to upSubPop element. For example, if you add:
div#upSubPop{background:red;height:500px;}
to your stylesheet, the blue borders are displayed correctly in IE6.
Another workaround would be to set the height of <div class="browser" style="height:1px;" /> to 1 pixel. In this case, IE6 displays the element with appropriate height based on contents (so you will see the whole "Me afecta que digan que soy incapaz." message. The problem is that the real browsers as FF will then display everything incorrectly (to be more precise, the message will overlap the bottom border). So in this case, you can use conditional CSS to ensure that your message block is displayed as required both in real browsers and in IE6.