How do I make my plot from R look like the one I have on Python? - r

Question

I am trying to make a plot on my R look like the one I have on my Python:
This is the data frame for both Python and R.
All_Flights_Combined_Month
Year
Month
Delay_count
Total_count
2003
Jan
151238
552109
2003
Feb
158369
500206
2003
Mar
152156
559342
2003
Apr
125699
527303
2003
May
136551
533782
2003
Jun
163497
536496
2003
Jul
183491
558568
2003
Aug
178979
556984
2003
Sep
113916
527714
2003
Oct
131409
552370
2003
Nov
157157
528171
2003
Dec
206743
555495
2004
Jan
198818
583987
2004
Feb
183658
553876
2004
Mar
183273
601412
2004
Apr
170114
582970
2004
May
191604
594457
2004
Jun
238074
588792
2004
Jul
237670
614166
2004
Aug
215667
623107
2004
Sep
147508
585125
2004
Oct
193951
610037
2004
Nov
197560
584610
2004
Dec
254786
606731
2005
Jan
229809
594924
2005
Feb
184920
545332
2005
Mar
226883
617540
2005
Apr
169221
594492
2005
May
178327
614802
2005
Jun
236724
609195
2005
Jul
268988
627961
2005
Aug
240410
630904
2005
Sep
165541
574253
2005
Oct
186778
592712
2005
Nov
193399
566138
2005
Dec
256861
572343
And these are the codes for Python:
# To plot the line graph
# Create separate data frames for each year
years = All_Flights_Combined_Month['Year'].unique()
data_frames_month = [All_Flights_Combined_Month[All_Flights_Combined_Month['Year'] == year] for year in years]
# Create subplots
fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(10, 8))
# Plot Delay_count for each year
for i, year in enumerate(years):
color = 'red' if str(year) == '2003' else 'green' if str(year) == '2004' else 'blue'
ax.plot(data_frames_month[i]['Month'], data_frames_month[i]['Delay_count'], label=f"{year} Delay Count", color=color)
# Plot Total_Count for each year
for i, year in enumerate(years):
color = 'orange' if str(year) == '2003' else 'yellow' if str(year) == '2004' else 'purple'
ax.plot(data_frames_month[i]['Month'], data_frames_month[i]['Total_Count'], label=f"{year} Total Count", color=color)
# Set title and labels
ax.set_title('Flight Count by Month')
ax.set_xlabel('Month')
ax.set_ylabel('Number of Flights')
# Add legend
ax.legend(title='Year')
# Save the plot as a pdf file
plt.savefig('Monthly Flight Comparison Python.pdf', format='pdf')
# Show the plot
plt.show()
While this is for R:
{r}
# To plot the line graph
month_plot <- ggplot() + geom_line(data= All_Flights_Combined_Month, aes(x =Month, y=Delay_count, group=Year, color=Year)) +
geom_line(data=All_Flights_Combined_Month, aes(x =Month, y=Total_count, group=Year, color=Year))+ scale_x_discrete(limits = c("Jan","Feb","Mar","Apr","May","Jun","Jul","Aug","Sep","Oct","Nov","Dec"))+
xlab("Months")+
ylab("Number of Flights")+
ggtitle("Flight Count by Month")
# To save the plot as .pdf
ggplot2::ggsave("Monthly Flight Comparison R.pdf", plot = last_plot(), width = 8, height = 6)
I need the legend and the line colors to match the ones on Python. I hope I have provide sufficient information. Please kindly advice thank you.
I tried adding scale_color_manual to each geom_line but it churned out an error stating that scale_color_manual values has already been used and it will overwrite the previous ones.

Answer 1

This type of problems generally has to do with reshaping the data. The format should be the long format and the data is in wide format. See this post on how to reshape the data from wide to long format.
Then change variable Year or name to the interaction between these two. That's the color and grouping variable.
suppressPackageStartupMessages({
library(dplyr)
library(tidyr)
library(ggplot2)
})
clrs <- c("2003 Delay Count" = "#e44b3b", "2003 Total Count" = "#edbe70",
"2004 Delay Count" = "#0d720d", "2004 Total Count" = "#f8f867",
"2005 Delay Count" = "#0000cb", "2005 Total Count" = "#6d0469")
All_Flights_Combined_Month %>%
pivot_longer(ends_with("count")) %>%
mutate(Month = factor(Month, levels = month.abb),
Year = interaction(Year, name, sep = " "),
Year = sub("_c", " C", Year)) %>%
select(-name) %>%
ggplot(aes(Month, value, colour = Year, group = Year)) +
geom_line(linewidth = 1.25) +
scale_color_manual(values = clrs) +
theme_minimal()
Created on 2023-02-19 with reprex v2.0.2
Data
x <- "Year Month Delay_count Total_count
2003 Jan 151238 552109
2003 Feb 158369 500206
2003 Mar 152156 559342
2003 Apr 125699 527303
2003 May 136551 533782
2003 Jun 163497 536496
2003 Jul 183491 558568
2003 Aug 178979 556984
2003 Sep 113916 527714
2003 Oct 131409 552370
2003 Nov 157157 528171
2003 Dec 206743 555495
2004 Jan 198818 583987
2004 Feb 183658 553876
2004 Mar 183273 601412
2004 Apr 170114 582970
2004 May 191604 594457
2004 Jun 238074 588792
2004 Jul 237670 614166
2004 Aug 215667 623107
2004 Sep 147508 585125
2004 Oct 193951 610037
2004 Nov 197560 584610
2004 Dec 254786 606731
2005 Jan 229809 594924
2005 Feb 184920 545332
2005 Mar 226883 617540
2005 Apr 169221 594492
2005 May 178327 614802
2005 Jun 236724 609195
2005 Jul 268988 627961
2005 Aug 240410 630904
2005 Sep 165541 574253
2005 Oct 186778 592712
2005 Nov 193399 566138
2005 Dec 256861 572343"
All_Flights_Combined_Month <- read.table(text = x, header = TRUE)
Created on 2023-02-19 with reprex v2.0.2

Answer 2

Something like this:
library(tidyverse)
df %>%
pivot_longer(-c(Year, Month)) %>%
mutate(Year = paste(Year, name)) %>%
ggplot(aes(x =Month, y=value, color=factor(Year)))+
geom_line(aes(group = Year))+
scale_x_discrete(limits = c("Jan","Feb","Mar","Apr","May","Jun","Jul","Aug","Sep","Oct","Nov","Dec"))+
scale_color_manual(values = c("purple", "yellow", "gold", "blue", "green", "red"))+
xlab("Months")+
ylab("Number of Flights")+
ggtitle("Flight Count by Month")+
theme_classic()

Answer 3

You could transform your data to a longer format and combine the Year and longer format of Delay count and Total count to one string using paste0 and gsub. To get the right colors you could use scale_color_manual, with right order using breaks like this:
library(ggplot2)
library(dplyr)
library(tidyr)
df %>%
pivot_longer(cols = Delay_count:Total_count) %>%
mutate(Year2 = paste0(Year, " ", gsub("_", " ", name)),
Month = factor(Month, levels = month.abb)) %>%
ggplot(aes(x = Month, y = value, color = Year2, group = Year2)) +
geom_line() +
labs(color = "Year", x = "Month", y = "Number of Flights") +
scale_color_manual(values = c("2003 Delay count" = "red",
"2004 Delay count" = "green",
"2005 Delay count" = "blue",
"2003 Total count" = "orange",
"2004 Total count" = "yellow",
"2005 Total count" = "purple"),
breaks = c("2003 Delay count",
"2004 Delay count",
"2005 Delay count",
"2003 Total count",
"2004 Total count",
"2005 Total count"))
Created on 2023-02-19 with reprex v2.0.2

Answer 4

Using just base R. First, reshape into wide format, then use matplot and customize axis and mtext a little.
dat_w <- reshape(dat, idvar='Month', timevar='Year', direction='w')
par(mar=c(5, 6, 4, 2))
matplot(dat_w[, -1], type='l', lty=1, col=2:8, axes=FALSE, ylab='', main='Flight Count By Month')
axis(side=1, at=1:12, labels=dat_w$Month, cex.axis=.8)
axis(2, axTicks(2), formatC(axTicks(2), format='f', digits=0), las=2, cex.axis=.8)
mtext('Month', side=1, line=2.5, cex=.8); mtext('Number of Flights', 2, 4, cex=.8)
legend('right', c(paste(unique(dat$Year), rep(gsub('_', ' ', names(dat)[3:4]), each=3))),
col=2:8, lty=1, title='Year', cex=.7)
box()