This is a data frame I've called CA_less, which I want to use to calculate GDP change over five decades:
CountryName
Year
GDP
Costa Rica
1960
507513829.9949
Costa Rica
2010
37268635287.0856
Guatemala
1960
1043599900
Guatemala
2010
41338595380.8159
Honduras
1960
335650000
Honduras
2010
15839344591.9842
Panama
1960
537147100
Panama
2010
28917200000
I used this code:
CA_GDP_decade <- mutate(CA_less, Year2 = lag(Year, 1),GDP2 = lag(GDP, 1), CHANGE_PERC = ((GDP - GDP2) / GDP2 ) * 100 %>%
mutate_if(is.numeric,
round,
digits = 0)
CA_GDP_decade
I was expecting this:
CountryName
Year
GDP
Year2
GDP2
Change_perc
Costa Rica
1960
507513830
NA
NA
NA
Costa Rica
2010
37268635287
1960
507513830
7243
Guatemala
2010
41338595381
1960
1043599900
3861
Honduras
2010
15839344592
1960
335650000
4619
Panama
2010
28917200000
1960
537147100
5283
However, I got this instead:
CountryName
Year
GDP
Year2
GDP2
Change_perc
Costa Rica
1960
507513830
NA
NA
NA
Costa Rica
2010
37268635287
1960
507513830
7243
Guatemala
1960
1043599900
2010
37268635287
-97
Guatemala
2010
41338595381
1960
1043599900
3861
Honduras
1960
335650000
2010
41338595381
-99
Honduras
2010
15839344592
1960
335650000
4619
Panama
1960
537147100
2010
15839344592
-97
Panama
2010
28917200000
1960
537147100
5283
How could I use lag() in such a way that I avoid the duplication and reversal of the operations?
Taking your original code you could so something like this.
library(dplyr)
df = data.frame(
CountryName = c("Costa Rica","Costa Rica","Guatemala","Guatemala","Honduras","Honduras","Panama","Panama"),
Year = c(1960,2010,1960,2010,1960,2010,1960,2010),
GDP = c(507513829.9949,37268635287.0856, 1043599900, 41338595380.8159, 335650000, 15839344591.9842, 537147100, 28917200000.)
)
df %>%
group_by(CountryName) %>%
mutate(Year2 = lag(Year, 1),GDP2 = lag(GDP, 1), CHANGE_PERC = ((GDP - GDP2) / GDP2 ) * 100) %>%
mutate_if(is.numeric,
round,
digits = 0) %>%
na.omit()
# A tibble: 4 × 6
CountryName Year GDP Year2 GDP2 CHANGE_PERC
<fct> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl>
1 Costa Rica 2010 37268635287 1960 507513830 7243
2 Guatemala 2010 41338595381 1960 1043599900 3861
3 Honduras 2010 15839344592 1960 335650000 4619
4 Panama 2010 28917200000 1960 537147100 5283
Related
I'm trying to create a new variable in R containing the initial values of another variable (crime) based on groups (countries) considering the initial period of time observable per group (on panel data framework), my current data looks like this:
country
year
Crime
Albania
2016
2.7369478
Albania
2017
2.0109779
Argentina
2002
9.474084
Argentina
2003
7.7898825
Argentina
2004
6.0739941
And I want it to look like this:
country
year
Crime
Initial_Crime
Albania
2016
2.7369478
2.7369478
Albania
2017
2.0109779
2.7369478
Argentina
2002
9.474084
9.474084
Argentina
2003
7.7898825
9.474084
Argentina
2004
6.0739941
9.474084
I saw that ddply could make it work this way, but the problem is that it is not longer supported by the latest R updates.
Thank you in advance.
Maybe arrange by year, then after grouping by country set Initial_Crime to be the first Crime in the group.
library(tidyverse)
df %>%
arrange(year) %>%
group_by(country) %>%
mutate(Initial_Crime = first(Crime))
Output
country year Crime Initial_Crime
<chr> <int> <dbl> <dbl>
1 Argentina 2002 9.47 9.47
2 Argentina 2003 7.79 9.47
3 Argentina 2004 6.07 9.47
4 Albania 2016 2.74 2.74
5 Albania 2017 2.01 2.74
library(data.table)
setDT(data)[, Initial_Crime:=.SD[1,Crime], by=country]
country year Crime Initial_Crime
1: Albania 2016 2.736948 2.736948
2: Albania 2017 2.010978 2.736948
3: Argentina 2002 9.474084 9.474084
4: Argentina 2003 7.789883 9.474084
5: Argentina 2004 6.073994 9.474084
A data.table solution
setDT(df)
df[, x := 1:.N, country
][x==1, initial_crime := crime
][, initial_crime := nafill(initial_crime, type = "locf")
][, x := NULL
]
I'm new to R and I'm not sure how to rephrase the question, but basically, I have this dataset coming from the following code:
data_url <- 'https://prod-scores-api.ausopen.com/year/2021/stats'
dat <- jsonlite::fromJSON(data_url)
men_aces <- bind_rows(dat$statistics$rankings[[1]]$players[1])
men_aces_table <- dat$players %>%
inner_join(men_aces, by = c('uuid' = 'player_id')) %>% select(full_name, nationality)
Which resulted in this data frame:
full_name nationality.uuid nationality.name nationality.code
1 Novak Djokovic 99da9b29-eade-4ac3-a7b0-b0b8c2192df7 Serbia SRB
2 Alexander Zverev 99d83e85-3173-4ccc-9d91-8368720f4a47 Germany GER
3 Milos Raonic 07779acb-6740-4b26-a664-f01c0b54b390 Canada CAN
4 Daniil Medvedev fa925d2d-337f-4074-a0bd-afddb38d66e1 Russia RUS
5 Nick Kyrgios 9b11f78c-47c1-43c4-97d0-ba3381eb9f07 Australia AUS
nationality is the nested object inside the player object if you check the JSON url, it contains the above properties (uuid, name, code), if I select the full_name property I would get the value (which is of type character) right back.
I'm not sure how to select the name and from that data frame (nationality) and rename it to country.
My expected outcome is:
full_name country
1 Novak Djokovic Serbia
2 Alexander Zverev Germany
3 Milos Raonic Canada
4 Daniil Medvedev Russia
5 Nick Kyrgios Australia
I would appreciate some help. Sorry I was unclear.
Use purrr::pmap_chr
library(tidyverse)
dat$players %>%
inner_join(men_aces, by = c('uuid' = 'player_id')) %>%
select(full_name, nationality) %>%
mutate(nationality = pmap_chr(nationality, ~ ..2))
full_name nationality
1 Novak Djokovic Serbia
2 Alexander Zverev Germany
3 Milos Raonic Canada
4 Daniil Medvedev Russia
5 Nick Kyrgios Australia
6 Alexander Bublik Kazakhstan
7 Reilly Opelka United States of America
8 Jiri Vesely Czech Republic
9 Andrey Rublev Russia
10 Lloyd Harris South Africa
11 Aslan Karatsev Russia
12 Taylor Fritz United States of America
13 Matteo Berrettini Italy
14 Grigor Dimitrov Bulgaria
15 Feliciano Lopez Spain
16 Stefanos Tsitsipas Greece
17 Felix Auger-Aliassime Canada
18 Thanasi Kokkinakis Australia
19 Ugo Humbert France
20 Borna Coric Croatia
You could do:
bind_cols(full_name = dat$players$full_name, country = dat$players$nationality$name)
# A tibble: 169 x 2
full_name country
<chr> <chr>
1 Novak Djokovic Serbia
2 Alexander Zverev Germany
3 Milos Raonic Canada
4 Daniil Medvedev Russia
5 Nick Kyrgios Australia
6 Alexander Bublik Kazakhstan
7 Reilly Opelka United States of America
8 Jiri Vesely Czech Republic
9 Andrey Rublev Russia
10 Lloyd Harris South Africa
just add this line at the end
newdf <- data.frame(full_name = men_aces_table$full_name, country = men_aces_table$nationality$name)
I have 2 dataframes:
CountryPoints
From.country To.Country points
Belgium Finland 4
Belgium Germany 5
Malta Italy 12
Malta UK 1
and another dataframe with neighbouring/bordering countries:
From.country To.Country
Belgium Finland
Belgium Germany
Malta Italy
I would like to add another column in CountryPoints called neighbour (Y/N) depending if the key value pair is found in the neighbour/bordering countries dataframe. Is this somehow possible - so it is a kind of a join but the result should be a boolean column.
The result should be:
From.country To.Country points Neighbour
Belgium Finland 4 Y
Belgium Germany 5 Y
Malta Italy 12 Y
Malta UK 1 N
In the question below it shows how you can merge but it doesn't show how you can add that extra boolean column
Two alternative approaches:
1) with base R:
idx <- match(df1$From.country, df2$From.country, nomatch = 0) &
match(df1$To.Country, df2$To.Country, nomatch = 0)
df1$Neighbour <- c('N','Y')[1 + idx]
2) with data.table:
library(data.table)
setDT(df1)
setDT(df2)
df1[, Neighbour := 'N'][df2, on = .(From.country, To.Country), Neighbour := 'Y'][]
which both give (data.table-output shown):
From.country To.Country points Neighbour
1: Belgium Finland 4 Y
2: Belgium Germany 5 Y
3: Malta Italy 12 Y
4: Malta UK 1 N
Borrowing the idea from this post:
df1$Neighbour <- duplicated(rbind(df2[, 1:2], df1[, 1:2]))[ -seq_len(nrow(df2)) ]
df1
# From.country To.Country points Neighbour
# 1 Belgium Finland 4 TRUE
# 2 Belgium Germany 5 TRUE
# 3 Malta Italy 12 TRUE
# 4 Malta UK 1 FALSE
What about something like this?
sortpaste <- function(x) paste0(sort(x), collapse = "_");
df1$Neighbour <- apply(df1[, 1:2], 1, sortpaste) %in% apply(df2[, 1:2], 1, sortpaste)
# From.country To.Country points Neighbour
#1 Belgium Finland 4 TRUE
#2 Belgium Germany 5 TRUE
#3 Malta Italy 12 TRUE
#4 Malta UK 1 FALSE
Sample data
df1 <- read.table(text =
"From.country To.Country points
Belgium Finland 4
Belgium Germany 5
Malta Italy 12
Malta UK 1", header = T)
df2 <- read.table(text =
"From.country To.Country
Belgium Finland
Belgium Germany
Malta Italy", header = T)
So, I currently have a dataframe that looks like:
country continent year lifeExp pop gdpPercap
<fctr> <fctr> <int> <dbl> <int> <dbl>
1 Afghanistan Asia 1952 28.801 8425333 779.4453
2 Afghanistan Asia 1957 30.332 9240934 820.8530
3 Afghanistan Asia 1962 31.997 10267083 853.1007
4 Afghanistan Asia 1967 34.020 11537966 836.1971
5 Afghanistan Asia 1972 36.088 13079460 739.9811
6 Afghanistan Asia 1977 38.438 14880372 786.1134
There are 140+ countries. The years are in 5 year intervals. From 1952- 2007 I want to reshape my dataframe such that I get.
Country gdpPercap(1952) gdpPercap(1957) ... gdpPercap(2007)
<fctr> <dbl>
1 Afghanistan 974.5803 .... ...
2 Albania 5937.0295 ... ...
3 Algeria 6223.3675 ... ...
4 Angola 4797.2313
5 Argentina 12779.3796
6 Australia 34435.3674
7 Austria 36126.4927
8 Bahrain 29796.0483
9 Bangladesh 1391.2538
10 Belgium 33692.6051
My attempt is this:
gapminder %>% #my dataframe
filter(year >= 1952) %>%
group_by(country) %>%
summarise(gdpPercap = mean(gdpPercap))
OUTPUT:
country gdpPercap <- but this takes the mean of gdpPercap from 1952-2007
<fctr> <dbl>
1 Afghanistan 802.6746
2 Albania 3255.3666
3 Algeria 4426.0260
4 Angola 3607.1005
5 Argentina 8955.5538
6 Australia 19980.5956
7 Austria 20411.9163
8 Bahrain 18077.6639
9 Bangladesh 817.5588
10 Belgium 19900.7581
# ... with 132 more rows
Any ideas? PS: I'm new to R. I'm also looking at melt(). Any help will be appreciated!
tidyr::spread() would solve your problem
library(dplyr); library(tidyr)
gapminder %>%
select(country, year, gdpPercap) %>%
spread(year, gdpPercap)
You should use year also in group_by, and after summary, just reshape the data the way you want using dcast or rehape
Here is a sample solution :
library(dplyr)
library(reshape2)
gapminder <- data.frame(cbind(gdpPercap=runif(10000), year =as.integer(seq(from=1952, to=2007, by=5)), country = c("India", "US", "UK")))
gapminder$gdpPercap <- as.numeric(as.character(gapminder$gdpPercap))
gapminder$year <- as.integer(as.character(gapminder$year))
gapminder %>% #my dataframe
filter(year >= 1952) %>%
group_by(country, year) %>%
summarise(gdpPercap = mean(gdpPercap)) %>%
dcast(country ~ year, value.var="gdpPercap")
I have to generate a new data, because your example is not reproducible. Go through the link How to make a great R reproducible example?. It helps in answering and understanding the problem, as well as, quicker answers.
Built-in reshape can do this.
foo.data.frame <- data.frame(
Country=rep(c("Here", "There"), each=3),
year=rep(c(1952, 1957, 1962),2),
gdpPercap=779:784
# ... other variables
)
reshape(foo.data.frame[, c("Country", "year", "gdpPercap")],
timevar="year", idvar="Country", direction="wide", sep=" ")
# Country gdpPercap 1952 gdpPercap 1957 gdpPercap 1962
# 1 Here 779 780 781
# 4 There 782 783 784
I have a balanced panel by country from 1951 to 2007 in a data frame. I'd like to transform it into a new data frame of five year averages of my other variables. When I sat down to do this I realized the only way I could think to do this involved a for loop and then decided that it was time to come to stackoverflow for help.
So, is there an easy way to turn data that looks like this:
country country.isocode year POP ci grgdpch
Argentina ARG 1951 17517.34 18.445022145 3.4602044759
Argentina ARG 1952 17876.96 17.76066507 -7.887407586
Argentina ARG 1953 18230.82 18.365255769 2.3118720688
Argentina ARG 1954 18580.56 16.982113434 1.5693778844
Argentina ARG 1955 18927.82 17.488907008 5.3690276523
Argentina ARG 1956 19271.51 15.907756547 0.3125559183
Argentina ARG 1957 19610.54 17.028450999 2.4896639667
Argentina ARG 1958 19946.54 17.541597134 5.0025894968
Argentina ARG 1959 20281.15 16.137310492 -6.763501447
Argentina ARG 1960 20616.01 20.519539628 8.481742144
...
Venezuela VEN 1997 22361.80 21.923577413 5.603872759
Venezuela VEN 1998 22751.36 24.451736863 -0.781844721
Venezuela VEN 1999 23128.64 21.585034168 -8.728234466
Venezuela VEN 2000 23492.75 20.224310777 2.6828641218
Venezuela VEN 2001 23843.87 23.480311721 0.2476965412
Venezuela VEN 2002 24191.77 16.290691319 -8.02535946
Venezuela VEN 2003 24545.43 10.972153646 -8.341989049
Venezuela VEN 2004 24904.62 17.147693312 14.644028806
Venezuela VEN 2005 25269.18 18.805970212 7.3156977879
Venezuela VEN 2006 25641.46 22.191098769 5.2737381326
Venezuela VEN 2007 26023.53 26.518210052 4.1367897561
into something like this:
country country.isocode period AvPOP Avci Avgrgdpch
Argentina ARG 1 18230 17.38474 1.423454
...
Venezuela VEN 12 25274 21.45343 5.454334
Do I need to transform this data frame using a specific panel data package? Or is there another easy way to do this that I'm missing?
This is the stuff aggregate is made for. :
Df <- data.frame(
year=rep(1951:1970,2),
country=rep(c("Arg","Ven"),each=20),
var1 = c(1:20,51:70),
var2 = c(20:1,70:51)
)
Level <-cut(Df$year,seq(1951,1971,by=5),right=F)
id <- c("var1","var2")
> aggregate(Df[id],list(Df$country,Level),mean)
Group.1 Group.2 var1 var2
1 Arg [1951,1956) 3 18
2 Ven [1951,1956) 53 68
3 Arg [1956,1961) 8 13
4 Ven [1956,1961) 58 63
5 Arg [1961,1966) 13 8
6 Ven [1961,1966) 63 58
7 Arg [1966,1971) 18 3
8 Ven [1966,1971) 68 53
The only thing you might want to do, is to rename the categories and the variable names.
For this type of problem, the plyr package is truely phenomenal. Here is some code that gives you what you want in essentially a single line of code plus a small helper function.
library(plyr)
library(zoo)
library(pwt)
# First recreate dataset, using package pwt
data(pwt6.3)
pwt <- pwt6.3[
pwt6.3$country %in% c("Argentina", "Venezuela"),
c("country", "isocode", "year", "pop", "ci", "rgdpch")
]
# Use rollmean() in zoo as basis for defining a rolling 5-period rolling mean
rollmean5 <- function(x){
rollmean(x, 5)
}
# Use ddply() in plyr package to create rolling average per country
pwt.ma <- ddply(pwt, .(country), numcolwise(rollmean5))
Here is the output from this:
> head(pwt, 10)
country isocode year pop ci rgdpch
ARG-1950 Argentina ARG 1950 17150.34 13.29214 7736.338
ARG-1951 Argentina ARG 1951 17517.34 18.44502 8004.031
ARG-1952 Argentina ARG 1952 17876.96 17.76067 7372.721
ARG-1953 Argentina ARG 1953 18230.82 18.36526 7543.169
ARG-1954 Argentina ARG 1954 18580.56 16.98211 7661.550
ARG-1955 Argentina ARG 1955 18927.82 17.48891 8072.900
ARG-1956 Argentina ARG 1956 19271.51 15.90776 8098.133
ARG-1957 Argentina ARG 1957 19610.54 17.02845 8299.749
ARG-1958 Argentina ARG 1958 19946.54 17.54160 8714.951
ARG-1959 Argentina ARG 1959 20281.15 16.13731 8125.515
> head(pwt.ma)
country year pop ci rgdpch
1 Argentina 1952 17871.20 16.96904 7663.562
2 Argentina 1953 18226.70 17.80839 7730.874
3 Argentina 1954 18577.53 17.30094 7749.694
4 Argentina 1955 18924.25 17.15450 7935.100
5 Argentina 1956 19267.39 16.98977 8169.456
6 Argentina 1957 19607.51 16.82080 8262.250
Note that rollmean(), by default, calculates the centred moving mean. You can modify this behaviour to get the left or right moving mean by passing this parameter to the helper function.
EDIT:
#Joris Meys gently pointed out that you might in fact be after the average for five-year periods.
Here is the modified code to do this:
pwt$period <- cut(pwt$year, seq(1900, 2100, 5))
pwt.ma <- ddply(pwt, .(country, period), numcolwise(mean))
pwt.ma
And the output:
> pwt.ma
country period year pop ci rgdpch
1 Argentina (1945,1950] 1950.0 17150.336 13.29214 7736.338
2 Argentina (1950,1955] 1953.0 18226.699 17.80839 7730.874
3 Argentina (1955,1960] 1958.0 19945.149 17.42693 8410.610
4 Argentina (1960,1965] 1963.0 21616.623 19.09067 9000.918
5 Argentina (1965,1970] 1968.0 23273.736 18.89005 10202.665
6 Argentina (1970,1975] 1973.0 25216.339 19.70203 11348.321
7 Argentina (1975,1980] 1978.0 27445.430 23.34439 11907.939
8 Argentina (1980,1985] 1983.0 29774.778 17.58909 10987.538
9 Argentina (1985,1990] 1988.0 32095.227 15.17531 10313.375
10 Argentina (1990,1995] 1993.0 34399.829 17.96758 11221.807
11 Argentina (1995,2000] 1998.0 36512.422 19.03551 12652.849
12 Argentina (2000,2005] 2003.0 38390.719 15.22084 12308.493
13 Argentina (2005,2010] 2006.5 39831.625 21.11783 14885.227
14 Venezuela (1945,1950] 1950.0 5009.006 41.07972 7067.947
15 Venezuela (1950,1955] 1953.0 5684.009 44.60849 8132.041
16 Venezuela (1955,1960] 1958.0 6988.078 37.87946 9468.001
17 Venezuela (1960,1965] 1963.0 8451.073 26.93877 9958.935
18 Venezuela (1965,1970] 1968.0 10056.910 28.66512 11083.242
19 Venezuela (1970,1975] 1973.0 11903.185 32.02671 12862.966
20 Venezuela (1975,1980] 1978.0 13927.882 36.35687 13530.556
21 Venezuela (1980,1985] 1983.0 16082.694 22.21093 10762.718
22 Venezuela (1985,1990] 1988.0 18382.964 19.48447 10376.123
23 Venezuela (1990,1995] 1993.0 20680.645 19.82371 10988.096
24 Venezuela (1995,2000] 1998.0 22739.062 20.93509 10837.580
25 Venezuela (2000,2005] 2003.0 24550.973 17.33936 10085.322
26 Venezuela (2005,2010] 2006.5 25832.495 24.35465 11790.497
Use cut on your year variable to make the period variable, then use melt and cast from the reshape package to get the averages. There's a lot of other answers that can show you how; see https://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/r+reshape
There is a base stats and a plyr answer, so for completeness, here is a dplyr based answer. Using the toy data given by Joris, we have
Df <- data.frame(
year=rep(1951:1970,2),
country=rep(c("Arg","Ven"),each=20),
var1 = c(1:20,51:70),
var2 = c(20:1,70:51)
)
Now, using cut to create the periods, we can then group on them and get the means:
Df %>% mutate(period = cut(Df$year,seq(1951,1971,by=5),right=F)) %>%
group_by(country, period) %>% summarise(V1 = mean(var1), V2 = mean(var2))
Source: local data frame [8 x 4]
Groups: country
country period V1 V2
1 Arg [1951,1956) 3 18
2 Arg [1956,1961) 8 13
3 Arg [1961,1966) 13 8
4 Arg [1966,1971) 18 3
5 Ven [1951,1956) 53 68
6 Ven [1956,1961) 58 63
7 Ven [1961,1966) 63 58
8 Ven [1966,1971) 68 53