I am trying to interface an ADNS 9800 mouse chip which I took from "Sharkoon SHARK ZONE M50" . The original PCB is still in place.
I am trying to obtain a framecapture, which should be 30 x 30 pixels. I have connected the ADNS 9800 with SPI to an Arduino UNO Rev 3 (i.e. 5V operating voltage). I.e. MISO, MOSI, SCLK, DGND, AGND, NCS. I did not connect any voltage, since I concluded from previous attempts that that did not yield a good frame capture.
The current problem is that I get a frame capture that is divided in 3 parts: square top left (with a good image of the surroundings), square bottom left (which is a duplicate of top left) and a rectangle on the right half of the screen of monotone grey colour (which does change depending on light conditions). See image. I want the full screen to be one image, not the divided mess it is now. Therefore, it may be a question of the resolution that is used, it may be that it is 15x15 instead of 30x30. However I do not know where this is determined/set.
Also, I find it strange that no input voltage seems to be needed to obtain an image from the camera.
See attachments for frame capture and code (arduino + processing).
Frame output
Arduino code
#include
#include
// Registers
#define REG_Product_ID 0x00
#define REG_Revision_ID 0x01
#define REG_Motion 0x02
#define REG_Delta_X_L 0x03
#define REG_Delta_X_H 0x04
#define REG_Delta_Y_L 0x05
#define REG_Delta_Y_H 0x06
#define REG_SQUAL 0x07
#define REG_Pixel_Sum 0x08
#define REG_Maximum_Pixel 0x09
#define REG_Minimum_Pixel 0x0a
#define REG_Shutter_Lower 0x0b
#define REG_Shutter_Upper 0x0c
#define REG_Frame_Period_Lower 0x0d
#define REG_Frame_Period_Upper 0x0e
#define REG_Configuration_I 0x0f
#define REG_Configuration_II 0x10
#define REG_Frame_Capture 0x12
#define REG_SROM_Enable 0x13
#define REG_Run_Downshift 0x14
#define REG_Rest1_Rate 0x15
#define REG_Rest1_Downshift 0x16
#define REG_Rest2_Rate 0x17
#define REG_Rest2_Downshift 0x18
#define REG_Rest3_Rate 0x19
#define REG_Frame_Period_Max_Bound_Lower 0x1a
#define REG_Frame_Period_Max_Bound_Upper 0x1b
#define REG_Frame_Period_Min_Bound_Lower 0x1c
#define REG_Frame_Period_Min_Bound_Upper 0x1d
#define REG_Shutter_Max_Bound_Lower 0x1e
#define REG_Shutter_Max_Bound_Upper 0x1f
#define REG_LASER_CTRL0 0x20
#define REG_Observation 0x24
#define REG_Data_Out_Lower 0x25
#define REG_Data_Out_Upper 0x26
#define REG_SROM_ID 0x2a
#define REG_Lift_Detection_Thr 0x2e
#define REG_Configuration_V 0x2f
#define REG_Configuration_IV 0x39
#define REG_Power_Up_Reset 0x3a
#define REG_Shutdown 0x3b
#define REG_Inverse_Product_ID 0x3f
#define REG_Snap_Angle 0x42
#define REG_Motion_Burst 0x50
#define REG_SROM_Load_Burst 0x62
#define REG_Pixel_Burst 0x64
byte initComplete=0;
byte testctr=0;
unsigned long currTime;
unsigned long timer;
volatile int xdat;
volatile int ydat;
volatile byte movementflag=0;
const int ncs = 10;
const int lsPin = 4;//ANALOG
const int linearActPin = 9;
extern const unsigned short firmware_length;
extern const unsigned char firmware_data[];
String parseChar = ".";
void setup() {
Serial.begin(115200);
//For first parse put LF and CR there
Serial.println("");
//pinMode(ls, INPUT);
//ADNS 9800 setup
pinMode (ncs, OUTPUT);
SPI.begin();
SPI.setDataMode(SPI_MODE3);
SPI.setBitOrder(MSBFIRST);
//Set clock to 2 MHz
SPI.setClockDivider(8);
performStartup();
dispRegisters();
delay(100);
//Pin modes
pinMode(linearActPin, OUTPUT);
Serial.print("Ready");
Serial.println(parseChar);
//Serial.println("Device is ready");
//FrameCapture();
}
/* DO NOT EDIT BELOW; NECESSARY FOR ADNS9800 */
void performStartup(void){
// reset the chip
adns_com_end(); // ensure that the serial port is reset
adns_com_begin(); // ensure that the serial port is reset
adns_com_end(); // ensure that the serial port is reset
adns_write_reg(REG_Power_Up_Reset, 0x5a); // force reset
delay(50); // wait for it to reboot
// read registers 0x02 to 0x06 (and discard the data)
adns_read_reg(REG_Delta_X_L);
adns_read_reg(REG_Delta_X_H);
adns_read_reg(REG_Delta_Y_L);
adns_read_reg(REG_Delta_Y_H);
// upload the firmware
adns_upload_firmware();
delay(10);
//enable laser(bit 0 = 0b), in normal mode (bits 3,2,1 = 000b)
// reading the actual value of the register is important because the real
// default value is different from what is said in the datasheet, and if you
// change the reserved bytes (like by writing 0x00...) it would not work.
byte laser_ctrl0 = adns_read_reg(REG_LASER_CTRL0);
adns_write_reg(REG_LASER_CTRL0, laser_ctrl0 & 0xf1 );
//0x08 = enable fixed framerate, leave rest standard
//0x10 = disable AGC, leave rest standard
adns_write_reg(REG_Configuration_II, 0x08);
//Set resolution; cpi = REG_value x50
//Min: 0x01 50 cpi
//Max: 0xA4 8200 cpi
adns_write_reg(REG_Configuration_I, 0xA4);
//Set fixed framerate: FR = clk_freq/REG_value = 2000 fps
adns_write_reg(REG_Frame_Period_Max_Bound_Lower, 0xa8);
adns_write_reg(REG_Frame_Period_Max_Bound_Upper, 0x61);
//Set shutter time
adns_write_reg(REG_Shutter_Max_Bound_Lower,0x00);
adns_write_reg(REG_Shutter_Max_Bound_Upper,0x08);
//adns_write_reg(REG_Snap_Angle, 0x80);
delay(1);
Serial.print("Initialized");
Serial.println(parseChar);
}
void adns_com_begin(){
digitalWrite(ncs, LOW);
}
void adns_com_end(){
digitalWrite(ncs, HIGH);
}
byte adns_read_reg(byte reg_addr){
adns_com_begin();
// send adress of the register, with MSBit = 0 to indicate it's a read
SPI.transfer(reg_addr & 0x7f );
delayMicroseconds(100); // tSRAD
// read data
byte data = SPI.transfer(0);
delayMicroseconds(1); // tSCLK-NCS for read operation is 120ns
adns_com_end();
delayMicroseconds(19); // tSRW/tSRR (=20us) minus tSCLK-NCS
return data;
}
void adns_write_reg(byte reg_addr, byte data){
adns_com_begin();
//send adress of the register, with MSBit = 1 to indicate it's a write
SPI.transfer(reg_addr | 0x80 );
//sent data
SPI.transfer(data);
delayMicroseconds(20); // tSCLK-NCS for write operation
adns_com_end();
delayMicroseconds(100); // tSWW/tSWR (=120us) minus tSCLK-NCS. Could be shortened, but is looks like a safe lower bound
}
void adns_upload_firmware(){
// send the firmware to the chip, cf p.18 of the datasheet
//Serial.println("Uploading firmware...");
// set the configuration_IV register in 3k firmware mode
adns_write_reg(REG_Configuration_IV, 0x02); // bit 1 = 1 for 3k mode, other bits are reserved
// write 0x1d in SROM_enable reg for initializing
delay(10);
adns_write_reg(REG_SROM_Enable, 0x1d);
// wait for more than one frame period
delay(10); // assume that the frame rate is as low as 100fps... even if it should never be that low
// write 0x18 to SROM_enable to start SROM download
adns_write_reg(REG_SROM_Enable, 0x18);
// write the SROM file (=firmware data)
adns_com_begin();
//write burst destination adress
//bitwise OR to ensure MSB is 1
SPI.transfer(REG_SROM_Load_Burst | 0x80);
delayMicroseconds(50);
// send all bytes of the firmware
unsigned char c;
for(int i = 0; i < firmware_length; i++){
c = (unsigned char)pgm_read_byte(firmware_data + i);
SPI.transfer(c);
delayMicroseconds(15);
}
adns_com_end();
}
void adns_frame_capture(){
//Send signal to start datacollection frame capture
Serial.print("Frame capture");
Serial.println(parseChar);
// reset the chip
adns_write_reg(REG_Power_Up_Reset, 0x5a); // force reset
delay(50); // wait for it to reboot
delay(10);
//Write bytes to Frame_Capture
adns_write_reg(REG_Frame_Capture, 0x93);
adns_write_reg(REG_Frame_Capture, 0xc5);
// wait for more than two frame periods
delay(25); // assume that the frame rate is as low as 100fps... even if it should never be that low
//Check for the first pixel bij reading bit zero of Motion register
//If it is 1, first pixel available
byte motion = adns_read_reg(REG_Motion);
adns_com_begin();
delayMicroseconds(120);//delay t-SRAD = 100 us
byte pixel_burst;
if (motion == 0x21){
//Reading pixel values from ADNS and storing them in Array
for(int i = 0; i < 900; i++){
pixel_burst = adns_read_reg(REG_Pixel_Burst);
//Serial.print(i);
//Serial.print(":");
Serial.print(String(pixel_burst));
Serial.println(parseChar);
delayMicroseconds(15);
}
//Finished transmitting data
Serial.print("Data transfer finished");
Serial.println(parseChar);
//Transfer surface quality value
Serial.print("SQUAL");
Serial.print(String(adns_read_reg(REG_SQUAL)));
Serial.println(parseChar);
}else {
Serial.print("Frame capture failed");
Serial.println(parseChar);
}
adns_com_end();
//Hardware reset and firmware restore required to return navigation
performStartup();
}
void dispRegisters(void){
int oreg[7] = {
0x00,0x3F,0x2A,0x02 };
char* oregname[] = {
"Product_ID","Inverse_Product_ID","SROM_Version","Motion" };
byte regres;
digitalWrite(ncs,LOW);
int rctr=0;
for(rctr=0; rctr<4; rctr++){
SPI.transfer(oreg[rctr]);
delay(1);
//Serial.println("---");
//Serial.println(oregname[rctr]);
//Serial.println(oreg[rctr],HEX);
regres = SPI.transfer(0);
//Serial.println(regres,BIN);
//Serial.println(regres,HEX);
delay(1);
}
digitalWrite(ncs,HIGH);
}
/*********************************************************
DO NOT EDIT ABOVE; NECESSARY FOR RUNNING ADNS9800
*********************************************************/
String data = String();
//Process variables
int run = 0;
int t = 0;
unsigned long t_ms, t_us;
int dt = 0;//1/f = [ms]
long int t_run = 0;//[ms]
unsigned long ms_start, us_start;
void loop() {
if (dt == -1 || t_run == -1){
Serial.print("Time constant error");
Serial.println(parseChar);
}else if (run == 1 && t<t_run){
measure();
Serial.print(data);
Serial.println("");
Serial.println(parseChar);
}else if(run == 1 && t>=t_run){
//Measurement finished
Serial.print("Measurement finished");
Serial.println(parseChar);
digitalWrite(linearActPin, LOW);
run = 0;
t = 0;
}
}
void serialEvent(){
String data_rx;
if (Serial.available() > 0){
//Parse serial data until '.'
data_rx = Serial.readStringUntil('.');
//Remove '.' from buffer
data_rx = data_rx.substring(0, data_rx.length());
//Serial.print(data_rx);
if (data_rx.equals("Run")){
run = 1;
ms_start = millis();
us_start = micros();
digitalWrite(linearActPin, HIGH);
//Read registers and discard data
byte XDataL = adns_read_reg(REG_Delta_X_L);
byte XDataH = adns_read_reg(REG_Delta_X_H);
byte YDataL = adns_read_reg(REG_Delta_Y_L);
byte YDataH = adns_read_reg(REG_Delta_Y_H);
}else if(data_rx.equals("Frame capture run")){
adns_frame_capture();
}else if(data_rx.equals("SQUAL")){
Serial.println(String(adns_read_reg(REG_SQUAL)));
}else if(data_rx.startsWith("dt")){
dt = data_rx.substring(2,data_rx.length()).toInt();
}else if(data_rx.startsWith("trun")){
t_run = data_rx.substring(4,data_rx.length()).toInt();
}
}
}
void measure(void){
/*READ dx, dy, ls
increment t with dt
return String "t,dx,dy,ls"*/
//Read optic flow from ADNS
byte XDataL = adns_read_reg(REG_Delta_X_L);
byte XDataH = adns_read_reg(REG_Delta_X_H);
byte YDataL = adns_read_reg(REG_Delta_Y_L);
byte YDataH = adns_read_reg(REG_Delta_Y_H);
int ls;
unsigned long us, ms;
xdat = int(XDataH<<8);
ydat = int(YDataH<<8);
xdat |=int(XDataL);
ydat |=int(YDataL);
//int between 0-1023, with 5V/1024 = 0.0049 V/unit
ls = analogRead(lsPin);
//Calculate time elapsed between measurements
ms = millis();
us = micros();
t_ms = ms-ms_start;
t_us = us-us_start;
t = t_ms;
//Convert datatypes to string objects and combine
//us can always be divided by 4, so accurate to a resolution of 4 us
String d1 = String(t_ms);
String d2 = String(t_us);
String d3 = String(xdat);
String d4 = String(ydat);
String d5 = String(ls);
data = d2+","+d3+","+d4+","+d5;
//Increment time
delay(dt);
}
Processing code
/* BEP experiment
Communicates with arduino to conduct experiment
Receives and stores data
/
/ DATA PROTOCOL
data_rx
R start measuring
S do screendump
D device is ready
F measurement finished
/
import processing.serial.;
import controlP5.*;
//Serial COMM
Serial arduino;
String data_rx, data_tx;
String parseChar = ".";
//GUI
ControlP5 cp5;
Textfield txtfldDistance, txtfldSpeed, txtfldTs, txtfldN,
txtfldFl, txtfldBron, txtfldPattern, txtfldTrun;
Button btnRun, btnStop, btnFrame;
//File I/O
PrintWriter writer;
String path;
//Runtime variables
int run = 0;
int createWriter = 0;
int frameCapture = 0;
int frameDisplay = 0;
//Time management
String timestamp;
int ms, ms_start;
final int frameX = 30;
final int frameY = 30;
void setup() {
frameRate(60);
time();
//Create GUI
textSize(20);
size(360,660);
//Create textboxes
cp5 = new ControlP5(this);
txtfldDistance = cp5.addTextfield("Distance[m]:")
.setPosition(30, 30)
.setSize(70, 30)
.setAutoClear(false)
.setText("0.5");
txtfldSpeed = cp5.addTextfield("Speed[rev/s]:")
.setPosition(30, 90)
.setSize(70, 30)
.setAutoClear(false);
txtfldTs = cp5.addTextfield("t_s[ms]")
.setPosition(30, 150)
.setSize(70, 30)
.setAutoClear(false)
.setText("10");
txtfldTrun = cp5.addTextfield("t_run[s]")
.setPosition(30, 210)
.setSize(70, 30)
.setAutoClear(false);
txtfldFl = cp5.addTextfield("f[mm]")
.setPosition(130, 30)
.setSize(70, 30)
.setAutoClear(false)
.setText("14");
txtfldBron = cp5.addTextfield("Bron[Watt]")
.setPosition(130, 90)
.setSize(70, 30)
.setAutoClear(false)
.setText("40");
txtfldPattern = cp5.addTextfield("Pattern[mm]")
.setPosition(130, 150)
.setSize(70, 30)
.setAutoClear(false)
.setText("random");
txtfldN = cp5.addTextfield("n")
.setPosition(130, 210)
.setSize(70, 30)
.setAutoClear(false)
.setText("1");
btnRun = cp5.addButton("Run")
.setPosition(230, 270)
.setSize(50,30)
.lock();
btnStop = cp5.addButton("Stop")
.setPosition(150, 270)
.setSize(50,30)
.lock();
btnFrame = cp5.addButton("Frame_Capture")
.setPosition(30, 270)
.setSize(90,30)
.lock();
//Create Serial COMM object
print(timestamp+"SERIAL PORT: ");
println(Serial.list());
// List all the available serial ports:
//arduino = new Serial(this, Serial.list()[2], 115200);
arduino = new Serial(this, Serial.list()[0], 115200);
arduino.clear();
arduino.bufferUntil('.');
}
void draw() {
time();
Frame_Capture();
display_frame();
if (frameDisplay == 1){
display_frame();
frameDisplay = 0;
println(timestamp+"---------------------");
}
}
int n = 0;
int[] frame_capture_data = new int[900];
void serialEvent(Serial arduino){
if (arduino.available() > 0){
//Parse serial data until '.'
data_rx = arduino.readStringUntil('.');
//Remove CR, LF and '.' from buffer
data_rx = data_rx.substring(2, data_rx.length()-1);
//print(n+":");
//println(data_rx);
if(data_rx.equals("Data transfer finished")){
println(timestamp+"Data transfer finished.");
println(timestamp+"Generating visual.");
frameCapture = 0;
frameDisplay = 1;
n = 0;
//unlock textfields
txtfldSpeed.unlock();
txtfldDistance.unlock();
txtfldTs.unlock();
txtfldBron.unlock();
txtfldPattern.unlock();
txtfldFl.unlock();
txtfldN.unlock();
btnRun.unlock();
btnStop.unlock();
btnFrame.unlock();
}else if(data_rx.equals("Ready")){
println(timestamp+"Device is ready.");
println(timestamp+"---------------------");
//unlock textfields
btnRun.unlock();
btnStop.unlock();
btnFrame.unlock();
}else if(data_rx.equals("Initialized")){
println(timestamp+"Device is initialized.");
}else if(data_rx.equals("Measurement finished")){
println(timestamp+"Measurement completed.");
Stop();
}else if(data_rx.equals("Frame capture")){
println(timestamp+"Frame capture transfer started.");
frameCapture = 1;
}else if(data_rx.equals("Frame capture failed")){
println(timestamp+"Frame capture failed. Try again.");
println(timestamp+"---------------------");
//unlock textfields
txtfldSpeed.unlock();
txtfldDistance.unlock();
txtfldTs.unlock();
txtfldBron.unlock();
txtfldPattern.unlock();
txtfldFl.unlock();
txtfldN.unlock();
btnRun.unlock();
btnStop.unlock();
btnFrame.unlock();
}else if(data_rx.contains("SQUAL")){
print(timestamp+"SQUAL: ");
println(data_rx.substring(5,data_rx.length()));
}else if(data_rx.equals("Time constant error")){
print(timestamp+"TIME CONSTANT ERROR");
}else if(frameCapture == 1 && n < 900){
frame_capture_data[n] = int(data_rx);
n++;
}else if(run == 1){
//print(data_rx);
writer.print(data_rx);
}
}
}
public void Run() {
/* When RUN is pressed program starts to run */
//Read value to determine path
float speed = float(txtfldSpeed.getText());
float distance = float(txtfldDistance.getText());
int t_s = int(txtfldTs.getText());
int bron = int(txtfldBron.getText());
int fl = int(txtfldFl.getText());
String pattern = txtfldPattern.getText();
String date = day()+"-"+month();
int n = int(txtfldN.getText());
// Create CSV data file, showing the results from experiment
if (speed > 0 && distance > 0){
if (createWriter == 0){
//Creating objects for writing to file
path = "data/"+date+"/x="+distance+"/"+"x="+distance+"_v="+speed+
"_ts="+t_s+"_f="+fl+"_bron="+bron+"_pat="+pattern+"_n="+n+".csv";
writer = createWriter(path);
//Runtime variables
createWriter = 1;
run = 1;
ms_start = millis();
//Transmit t_s en t_run
arduino.write("dt"+txtfldTs.getText());
arduino.write(parseChar);
arduino.write("trun"+int(txtfldTrun.getText())*1000);
arduino.write(parseChar);
//Transmit starting char to arduino
arduino.write("Run");
arduino.write(parseChar);
//Header
//writer.println("t_ard_ms,t_ard_us,dx,dy,ls");
//lock textfields
txtfldSpeed.lock();
txtfldDistance.lock();
txtfldTs.lock();
txtfldBron.lock();
txtfldPattern.lock();
txtfldFl.lock();
txtfldN.lock();
btnRun.lock();
btnStop.lock();
btnFrame.lock();
println(timestamp+"PROGRAM INITIATED");
println(timestamp+"File stored at: "+path);
}
//ERROR messages
} else if (speed <= 0 && distance <= 0){
println(timestamp+"ERROR: INVALID SPEED AND DISTANCE");
} else if (speed <= 0){
println(timestamp+"ERROR: INVALID SPEED");
} else if (distance <= 0){
println(timestamp+"ERROR: INVALID DISTANCE ");
} else if(txtfldSpeed.getText().equals("")){
println(timestamp+"ERROR: Enter paramaters.");
}
}
public void Stop() {
/* When STOP is pressed program terminates and writes to file */
if (createWriter == 1){
//Write to file and close stream
writer.flush();
writer.close();
//Runtime variables
run = 0;
createWriter = 0;
//unlock textfields
txtfldSpeed.unlock();
txtfldDistance.unlock();
txtfldTs.unlock();
txtfldBron.unlock();
txtfldPattern.unlock();
txtfldFl.unlock();
txtfldN.unlock();
btnRun.unlock();
btnStop.unlock();
btnFrame.unlock();
txtfldN.setText(str(int(txtfldN.getText())+1));
if (int(txtfldN.getText()) > 5){
txtfldN.setText("1");
txtfldSpeed.clear();
}
println(timestamp+"Data written to file.");
println(timestamp+"---------------------");
}
}
public void Frame_Capture() {
arduino.write("Frame capture run");
arduino.write(parseChar);
//lock textfields
txtfldSpeed.lock();
txtfldDistance.lock();
txtfldTs.lock();
txtfldBron.lock();
txtfldPattern.lock();
txtfldFl.lock();
txtfldN.lock();
btnRun.lock();
btnStop.lock();
btnFrame.lock();
}
void display_frame(){
int[] frame1 = new int[225];
int[] frame2 = new int[255];
int x = 30;
int y = 320;
//resolutie 10x10
int s = 10; // size of pixel, i.e. side lengths
//Max res is 30x30
int sz = 10;
int res = 30;
for (int i = 0; i < 15; i++){
for (int m = 0; m < 15; m++){
frame1[15*i+m] = frame_capture_data[30*i+m];
frame2[15*i+m] = frame_capture_data[30*i+m+15];
}
}
//for (int i = 0; i < res*res; i++){
//Commented by Daan:
//for (int j = 0; j < res; j++){ // j resembles the column index.
// for (int k = 0; k < res; k++){ // k resembles the row index
// //fill(map(frame_capture_data[30*j+k],0,63,0,255));
// //frame_capture_data[30*j+k] = 300; // test to see how the pixel values can be manipulated
// fill(float(frame_capture_data[30*j+k]));
// rect(x+j*10, y+300-k*10, s, s);
// //println(frame_capture_data[30*j+k]);
// }
//}
for( int i = 0; i < 900; i++ )
{
fill( map(frame_capture_data[i], 0, 63, 0, 255) ); // Convert from ADNS greyscale to 0 - 255 grey scale format.
rect(x + (i / frameX * sz), // Each rect() is a rectangle that represents a pixel. I.e. width and height of each pixel is "sz".
y +300 - (i % frameY * sz),
sz, sz);
// //rect(off_x + (i % frameX * sz), // Each rect() is a rectangle that represents a pixel. I.e. width and height of each pixel is "sz".
// //off_y + (i / frameY * sz),
// //sz, sz);
}
fill(255,0,0);
rect(x+3*10, y+300-8*10, s, s); // this is red test dot, j = 3 (column), k = 8 (row).
// I.e. this is the 30*3 + 8 = 98 th pixel in frame stream from sensor.
}
public void time(){
/* Keeps track of time
Creates timestamp for messages*/
String h = str(hour());
String m = str(minute());
String s = str(second());
if (int(h) < 10){
h = "0"+h;
} else if(int(m) < 10){
m = "0"+m;
} else if(int(s) < 10){
s = "0"+s;
}
timestamp = "["+h+":"+m+":"+s+"] ";
}
How can I get the serial number printed on an RFID tag through an RFID reader?
I have:
Arduino uno,
RMD 6300 reader, and
RFID tag (125Khz).
I use the following code:
#include <SoftwareSerial.h>
SoftwareSerial RFID(2, 3); // RX and TX
int i;
void setup()
{
RFID.begin(9600); // start serial to RFID reader
Serial.begin(9600); // start serial to PC
}
void loop()
{
if (RFID.available() > 0)
{
i = RFID.read();
Serial.print(i, DEC);
Serial.print(" ");
}
}
I get this value:
2 48 57 48 48 50 69 52 69 65 50 67 66 3
But the following value is printed on the RFID tag:
0003034786
I would want to have this number, but I don't know how to convert it.
The value that you currently get is the serial number encoded as US-ASCII string. The value in decimal (as you currently print it) is
2 48 57 48 48 50 69 52 69 65 50 67 66 3
Converting these bytes into hexadecimal form (for better readability) leads to:
02 30 39 30 30 32 45 34 45 41 32 43 42 03
Encoding these bytes in US-ASCII leads to this string:
<STX>09002E4EA2CB<ETX>
Note that you could also receive this form directly on your console by using
Serial.write(i);
instead of Serial.print(i, DEC);
Thus, your reader starts outputting the serial number by sending a start-of-transmission (STX) character (0x02) and ends sending the serial number with an end-of-transmission (ETX) character. Everything in between is the serial number (represented as hexadecimal characters):
09002E4EA2CB
The serial number printed on your key (0003034786) is only a fraction of the complete serial number. This value is the decimal representation. If you convert
0003034786
to its hexadecimal representation, you get
002E4EA2
This value is contained in the serial number that you received from the reader:
09002E4EA2CB
Therefore, you could do something like this to print the value (use sprintf(), if you need the leading zeros):
void loop() {
int serialNumber = 0;
int charIndex = 0;
int currentChar;
if (RFID.available() > 0) {
currentChar = RFID.read();
++charIndex;
if (currentChar == 0x002) {
charIndex = 0;
serialNumber = 0;
} else if (currentChar == 0x003) {
Serial.print(serialNumber, DEC);
Serial.print(" ");
} else {
if ((charIndex >= 1) && (charIndex < 5)) {
serialNumber <<= 8;
serialNumber += currentChar;
}
}
}
}
I'm trying to send sms using huawei e173 gsm modem. Everything works fine in text mode, but I can't figure out how to send sms in pdu mode. I have tried to send simple message that will say "hellohello". This is my message format in Qt designer (which is irrelevant for this subject, I'm having problems with error 304 - invalid PDU mode parameter):
QByteArray PDUtext;
PDUtext[0] = 0x00;
PDUtext[1] = 0x11;
PDUtext[2] = 0x00;
PDUtext[3] = 0x0b; // Phone number length
PDUtext[4] = 0x91; // International
//Phone: +381 600123456 (83 61 00 21 43 65)
PDUtext[5] = 0x83;
PDUtext[6] = 0x61;
PDUtext[7] = 0x00;
PDUtext[8] = 0x21;
PDUtext[9] = 0x43;
PDUtext[10] = 0x65;
PDUtext[11] = 0x00;
PDUtext[12] = 0x00;
PDUtext[13] = 0xaa; // 4 days validity period
//E8 32 9B FD 46 97 D9 EC 37
PDUtext[14] = 0x0a; // Message length
// Message "hellohello"
PDUtext[15] = 0xe8;
PDUtext[16] = 0x32;
PDUtext[17] = 0x9b;
PDUtext[18] = 0xfd;
PDUtext[19] = 0x46;
PDUtext[20] = 0x97;
PDUtext[20] = 0xd9;
PDUtext[20] = 0xec;
PDUtext[20] = 0x37;
What is wrong with this message?
Commands look like this:
AT+CMGF=0<CR> // PDU mode
Modem > OK
AT+CMGS=20<CR> // Send with message length
>PDUtext<Ctrl+z>
Modem > +CMS ERROR: 304
There are two errors in your PDU.
1) The destination number length is incorrect
You have used 0x0B when infact you should have used 0C
2) Bytes incorrectly assigned
PDUtext[20] = 0x97;
PDUtext[20] = 0xd9;
PDUtext[20] = 0xec;
PDUtext[20] = 0x37;
Should be
PDUtext[20] = 0x97;
PDUtext[21] = 0xd9;
PDUtext[22] = 0xec;
PDUtext[23] = 0x37;
I want to get the MAC address of xbee, but I'm not succeeding.
I have the following code.
uint8_t myaddress[10];
uint8_t shCmd[] = {'S','H'};
uint8_t slCmd[] = {'S','L'};
AtCommandRequest atRequestSH = AtCommandRequest(shCmd);
AtCommandRequest atRequestSL = AtCommandRequest(slCmd);
AtCommandResponse atResponse = AtCommandResponse();
void getMyAddress(){
xbee.send(atRequestSH);
if(xbee.readPacket(5000)){
if (xbee.getResponse().getApiId() == AT_COMMAND_RESPONSE) {
xbee.getResponse().getAtCommandResponse(atResponse);
if (atResponse.isOk()){
for(int i = 0; i < atResponse.getValueLength(); i++){
myaddress[i] = atResponse.getValue()[i];
}
}
}
}
delay(1000);
xbee.send(atRequestSL);
if(xbee.readPacket(5000)){
if (xbee.getResponse().getApiId() == AT_COMMAND_RESPONSE) {
xbee.getResponse().getAtCommandResponse(atResponse);
if (atResponse.isOk()){
for(int i = 0; i < atResponse.getValueLength(); i++){
myaddress[i+6] = atResponse.getValue()[i];
}
}
}
}
}
I hoped that the myaddress array were 10 values, because the Xbee MAC address contains 64 bytes.
But the array contains only 8 values, for example:
Original Xbee Address is 0013a200408a31bb
Result function getMyAddress is 013a20408a31bb
My function loses two zeros.
I print the MAC address with the following code:
for(int i=0; i < 10; i++)
Serial.print(myaddress[i], HEX);
Any ideas?
The problem is your function does not print a leading zero if the number is less than 10.
With spaces between each byte: 00 13 a2 00 40 8a 31 bb
What you are printing with spaces: 0 13 a2 0 40 8a 31 bb
I don't think there is a simple way to print hex values with a leading zero, but you can change how you print to have a space between each byte:
for(int i=0; i < 10; i++) {
Serial.print(myaddress[i], HEX);
Serial.print(" ");
}
The MAC address is 64 bits, which is 8 bytes (64 bits / (8 bits/byte)). ATSH and ATSL both respond with a 4-byte value. So you should define my address as 8 bytes, and copy ATSL to myaddress[i+4].
Note that you can use memcpy() instead of looping through the bytes:
memcpy( &myaddress[i+4], atResponse.getValue(), 4);
I'm not familiar with the Arudino's Serial.print(), but if it doesn't support printing a hex byte with leading zero, you can print the MAC with:
for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
if (myaddress[i] < 0x10) Serial.print( "0");
Serial.print( myaddress[i], HEX);
}
I doing a project with Arduino Uno R3 and XBee S2 transmission. I use a couple of sensors like a wireless (RF) temperature sensor, two SHT75 sensors, a 3-axis accelerometer and an illumination sensor. And after collecting the data, we use XBee (S2, API mode) to send the data to the gateway. Every round is about one second.
The first problem is the data is about 16 bytes, but the packet does not send successful every round. Sometime it works, and sometimes it doesn't, but the payload of XBee can be 60 or 70 bytes in the datasheet... But if I put the payload as some simply an integer (like 1, 2, 3), not the data from sensor, and the transmission will be stable.
After meeting the problem above, I divided the data into two packets (each with an eight bytes payload), and the first packet is very stable, but the second is very unstable. As mentioned above, if I put some number into the second packets instead of the sensing data the second packet will become stable and send successfully every round.
So I think it's the code problem, but idk where is the problem. I try to change the baud rate or increasing the delay time between the two packets. Where is the problem? The following is my code:
#include <XBee.h>
#include <i2cmaster.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <Sensirion.h>
#include "Wire.h"
#include "MMA845XQ.h"
**///////////////////////////// XBee setup //////////////////////////////////**
XBee xbee = XBee();
XBeeAddress64 remoteAddress = XBeeAddress64(0x00000000, 0x00000000);
ZBRxResponse zbRx = ZBRxResponse();
ZBTxStatusResponse zbTxStus = ZBTxStatusResponse();
uint8_t payload[] = {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0};
uint8_t payload1[] = {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0};
**///////////////////////////// Accelerometer //////////////////////////////////**
MMA845XQ accel;
**////////////////////////// SHT1 serial data and clock ////////////////////**
const byte dataPin = 2;
const byte sclkPin = 3;
Sensirion sht = Sensirion(dataPin, sclkPin);
unsigned int rawData;
float temperature;
float humidity;
byte stat;
**////////////////////////// SHT2 serial data and clock ////////////////////**
const byte dataPin1 = 4;
const byte sclkPin1 = 5;
Sensirion sht1 = Sensirion(dataPin1, sclkPin1);
unsigned int rawData1;
float temperature1;
float humidity1;
byte stat1;
**//////////////////////////// Illumination sensor ////////////////////////**
int sensorPin = A0; // Select the input pin for the potentiometer
int sensorValue = 0; // Variable to store the value coming from the sensor
long int pardata, pardata_low, pardata_hi, real_pardata;
uint16_t illumindata = 0;
void setup () {
i2c_init(); //Initialise the I²C bus
PORTC = (1 << PORTC4) | (1 << PORTC5); //Enable pullups
Wire.begin();
accel.begin(false, 2);
Serial.begin(115200);
xbee.begin(Serial);
}
void loop () {
payload[0] = 10;
payload1[0] = 11;
**/////////////////////RF temperature sensor/////////////////////////////**
int dev = 0x5A<<1;
int data_low = 0;
int data_high = 0;
int pec = 0;
i2c_start_wait(dev + I2C_WRITE);
i2c_write(0x07);
i2c_rep_start(dev + I2C_READ);
data_low = i2c_readAck(); //Read 1 byte and then send ack
data_high = i2c_readAck(); //Read 1 byte and then send ack
pec = i2c_readNak();
i2c_stop();
double tempFactor = 0.02; // 0.02 degrees per LSB (measurement resolution of the MLX90614)
double tempData = 0x0000; // Zero out the data
int frac; // Data past the decimal point
// This masks off the error bit of the high byte, then moves it left 8 bits and adds the low byte.
tempData = (double)(((data_high & 0x007F) << 8) + data_low);
tempData = (tempData * tempFactor)-0.01;
float celcius = tempData - 273.15;
float fahrenheit = (celcius*1.8) + 32;
celcius *= 100;
int a = int(celcius) + 1;
payload[1] = a >> 8 & 0xff;
payload[2] = a & 0xff;
**//////////////////////////// Illumination sensor ////////////////////////////////**
sensorValue = analogRead(sensorPin);
TSR(sensorValue);
payload[3] = pardata_low >> 8 & 0xff;
payload[4] = pardata_low & 0xff;
**//////////////////////////// 3-axis accelemeter sensor ////////////////////////////////**
accel.update();
payload[5] = accel.getX()*10;
payload[6] = accel.getY()*10;
payload[7] = accel.getZ()*10;
delay(100);
**////////////////////////////// XBee send first packet///////////////////////////////////////////////**
xbee = XBee();
xbee.begin(Serial);
ZBTxRequest zbTx = ZBTxRequest(remoteAddress, payload, sizeof(payload));
zbTx.setAddress16(0xfffe);
xbee.send(zbTx);
delay(500);
**//////////////// SHT 1x temperature and humidity sensor /////////////////////////**
sht.readSR(&stat); // Read sensor status register
sht.writeSR(LOW_RES); // Set sensor to low resolution
sht.readSR(&stat); // Read sensor status register again
sht.measTemp(&rawData); // sht.meas(TEMP, &rawData, BLOCK)
sht.meas(TEMP, &rawData, NONBLOCK);
temperature = sht.calcTemp(rawData);
sht.measHumi(&rawData); // sht.meas(HUMI, &rawData, BLOCK)
humidity = sht.calcHumi(rawData, temperature);
sht.meas(HUMI, &rawData, NONBLOCK);
humidity = sht.calcHumi(rawData, temperature);
temperature *= 100;
a = int(temperature) + 1;
payload1[1] = a >> 8 & 0xff;
payload1[2] = a & 0xff;
humidity *= 100;
a = int(humidity) + 1;
payload1[3] = a >> 8 & 0xff;
payload1[4] = a & 0xff;
delay(10);
sht1.readSR(&stat1);
sht1.writeSR(LOW_RES); // Set sensor to low resolution
sht1.readSR(&stat1);
sht1.measTemp(&rawData1); // sht.meas(TEMP, &rawData, BLOCK)
temperature1 = sht1.calcTemp(rawData1);
sht1.measHumi(&rawData1); // sht.meas(HUMI, &rawData, BLOCK)
humidity1 = sht1.calcHumi(rawData1, temperature1);
delay(10);
temperature1 *= 100;
a = int(temperature1) + 1;
payload1[5] = a >> 8 & 0xff;
payload1[6] = a & 0xff;
humidity1 *= 100;
a = int(humidity1) + 1;
payload1[7] = a >> 8 & 0xff;
payload1[8] = a & 0xff;
**////////////////////////////// XBee send second packet ///////////////////////////////////////////////**
xbee = XBee();
xbee.begin(Serial);
zbTx = ZBTxRequest(remoteAddress,payload1, sizeof(payload1));
zbTx.setAddress16(0xfffe);
xbee.send(zbTx);
delay(500);
}
void TSR(int sensorValue)
{
illumindata = (sensorValue * 4 * 5) / 1.5;
pardata = 6250/6144*illumindata*10;
if(pardata > 0)
{
if(pardata < 11500)
{
real_pardata = 0.0000000020561*pardata*pardata*pardata -
0.00002255*pardata*pardata +
0.25788*pardata -
6.481;
if (real_pardata < 0)
{
real_pardata = 0;
}
pardata_hi = real_pardata/65535;
pardata_low = real_pardata%65535;
}
else
{
real_pardata = 0.0000049204*pardata*pardata*pardata -
0.17114*pardata*pardata +
1978.7*pardata -
7596900;
if (real_pardata < 0)
{
real_pardata = 0;
}
pardata_hi = real_pardata/65535;
pardata_low = real_pardata%65535;
}
}
else
{
pardata_hi = 0;
pardata_low = 0;
}
}
as I am writing this I have solved the same problem you have, though with similar hardware setup. I have used bare avr atxmega128a3u (so no arduino board) and an Xbee S1 communicating on baud rate 115200. After a few days trying to figure this out I came to conclusion, that if your avr is not running at precise clock (external xtal) and you use slightly "faster" baud rate ( >= 115200 ) Xbee's serial hardware has probably trouble recovering clock signal resulting in errors in transmission. (Maybe Xbee has slow bit sampling rate).
Anyway, by ensuring your microprocessor is running at stable clock (you should be safe here 'cause arduino has an external xtal) and by using slower baud rate (try 57600, 19200 or 9600) should solve your problem. I hope so. :) ...And don't forget to reconfigure Xbee's baud rate in XCTU.
And also it might help if you initliaze xbee only once.Move these lines into setup() function:
setup(){
// This is changed
Serial.begin(9600);
// This is new
xbee = XBee();
xbee.begin(Serial);
// ...
}
EDIT: Also you might be interested in this website where you can see what is the % of error for given clock frequency and baud rate (as well as direct register values to set if you were using bare avr) http://www.wormfood.net/avrbaudcalc.php?postbitrate=9600&postclock=16&hidetables=1