I am running SQL-code on a oracle database. Some commands require to run them via sqlplus. Is there a way to avoid my commandline solution but directly running sqlplus via, e.g. dbSendStatement().
Pseudo code to not share any sensible information
# Via dbSendStatement ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
con <- odbc::dbConnect(odbc::odbc(),
Driver = "oracle",
Host = "HOST",
Port = "PORT",
SVC = "SVC",
UID = Sys.getenv("USRDWH"),
PWD = Sys.getenv("PWDDWH"),
ssl = "true",
timeout = 10)
# Error
odbc::dbSendStatement(con, "EXEC SQL CODE")
# actual error message:
#> Error in new_result(connection#ptr, statement, immediate) :
#> nanodbc/nanodbc.cpp:1594: 00000: [RStudio][OracleOCI] (3000) Oracle Caller Interface: ORA-00900: invalid SQL statement
# Via system command -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
cmd <- paste0("sqlplus ",
Sys.getenv("USRDWH"), "/", Sys.getenv("PWDDWH"),
"#", "HOST", ":", "PORT", "/", "SVC", " ",
"#", "EXEC script.sql")
cmd
#> [1] "sqlplus USR/PWD#HOST:PORT/SVC #EXEC script.sql"
# Works
system(cmd,
intern = TRUE)
Code like that always connects directly to the database. sqlplus is a specific client tool; it doesn't have its own API for those kind of interactions. In other words, you always connect to the database; you can't connect to sqlplus as it is not a service.
Your best option would be to convert your SQL in such a way that you can run it natively in your code using a direct database connection (i.e. don't use sqlplus). If your SQL commands cannot be adapted, then you will need to write a shell interaction to manipulate sqlplus as you did with cmd in your example.
That said, this implementation in your example is very insecure, as it will allow anyone with access to your host to see the database username, password, and connection info associated with the process while it is running. There are much more secure ways of scripting this, including the use of an auto-open Oracle Wallet to hold the credentials so you don't have to embed them in your code (which is always a bad idea, too).
Using Oracle Wallet, your cmd call would then look more like this:
sqlplus /#TNS_ALIAS #EXEC script.sql
This is still not perfect, but is a step or two in the right direction.
Related
I'm trying to query a MySQL server through an R/Tidyverse/dbplyr workflow. My MySQL access requires configuring SSH and port forwarding.
I have this code working using python (below), but I'm struggling to get started with the SSH/port forwarding equivalent in R. Any pointers to solutions or equivalent R packages appreciated. thanks.
import pymysql
import paramiko
import pandas as pd
from paramiko import SSHClient
from sshtunnel import SSHTunnelForwarder
from os.path import expanduser
pkeyfilepath = '/.ssh/id_ed25519'
home = expanduser('~')
mypkey = paramiko.Ed25519Key.from_private_key_file(home + pkeyfilepath)
sql_hostname = 'mycompany.com'
sql_username = 'me'
sql_password = '***'
sql_main_database = 'my_db'
sql_port = 3306
ssh_host = 'jumphost.mycompany.com'
ssh_user = 'me'
ssh_port = 22
with SSHTunnelForwarder(
(ssh_host, ssh_port),
ssh_username=ssh_user,
ssh_pkey=mypkey,
remote_bind_address=(sql_hostname, sql_port)) as tunnel:
conn = pymysql.connect(host='127.0.0.1', user=sql_username,
passwd=sql_password, db=sql_main_database,
port=tunnel.local_bind_port)
query = '''SELECT VERSION();'''
data = pd.read_sql_query(query, conn)
print(data)
conn.close()
There are several ways to do ssh port forwarding for R. In no particular order:
I forward it externally to R. All of my work is remote, and for one particular client I need access to various instances of SQL Server, Redis, MongoDB, remote filesystems, and a tunnel-hop to another network only accessible from the ssh bastion host. I tend to do work in more than R, so it's important to me that I generalize this. It is not for everybody or every task.
For this, I used a mismash of autossh and my ssh-agent (in KeePass/KeeAgent).
The ssh package does have a function to Create a Tunnel. The premise is that you have already created a "session" to which you can add a forwarding rule(s). When using ssh::ssh_tunnel, it is blocking, meaning you cannot use it in the same R process and continue to work. Demo:
# R session 1
sess <- ssh::ssh_connect("user#remote")
# insert passphrase
ssh::ssh_tunnel(sess, 21433, "otherremote:1433")
# / Waiting for connection on port 21433...
# R session 2
con <- DBI::dbConnect(..., port=21433)
DBI::dbGetQuery(con, "select 1 as n")
# n
# 1 1
This connection will stay alive so long as con is not closed and the remote end does not close it (e.g., activity timeout).
Note: I cannot get the ssh package to use my ssh-agent, so all passwords must be typed in or otherwise passed in not-ideal ways. There are many ways to not have to type it, such as using the keyring package (secure) or envvars, both of which would pass the password to ssh_connect(..., passwd=<>).
The above, but using callr so that you don't need to explicit sessions active (though you will still have another R session.
bgr <- callr::r_bg(function() {
ssh <- ssh::ssh_connect("r2#remote", passwd=keyring::key_get("r2", "remote"))
ssh::ssh_tunnel(ssh, port=21433, "otherremote:1433")
}, supervise = TRUE)
DBI::dbGetQuery(con, "select 1 as n")
# n
# 1 1
### when your work is done
bgr$kill()
If you do this, I strongly recommend the use of supervise=TRUE, which ensures the background R process is killed when this (primary) R session exits. This will reduce the risk of having phantom unused R sessions hanging around; in addition to just clogging up the process tree, if one of these phantom R processes is actively forwarding a port, that means nothing else can forward that port. This allows you to continue working, but you are not longer in control of the process doing the forwarding ... and subsequent attempts to tunnel will fail.
FYI, I generally prefer using keyring::key_get("r2", "remote") for password management in situations like this: (1) it prevents me from having to set that envvar each time I start R ... which will inadvertently store the plain-string password in ~/.Rhistory, if saved; (2) it prevents me from having to set that envvar in the global environment permanently, which is prone to other stupid mistakes I make; and (3) is much better protected since it is using the native credentials of your base OS. Having said that, you can replace the above use of keyring::key_get(..) with Sys.getenv("mypass") in a pinch, or in a case where the code is running on a headless system where a credentials manager is unavailable.
And if you want this to be a little more resilient to timeout disconnects, you can instead use
bgr <- callr::r_bg(function() {
ssh <- ssh::ssh_connect("r2#remote", passwd=keyring::key_get("r2", "remote"))
while (!inherits(try(ssh::ssh_tunnel(ssh, port=21433, "otherremote:1433"), silent=TRUE), "try-error")) Sys.sleep(1)
}, supervise = TRUE)
which will repeatedly make the tunnel so long as the attempt does not error. You may need to experiment with this to get it "perfect".
callr is really just using processx under the hood to start a background R process and allow you to continue working. If you don't want the "weight" of another R process solely to forward ports, you can use processx to start an explicit call to ssh that does everything you need it to do.
proc <- processx::process$new("ssh", c("-L", "21433:otherremote:1433", "r2#remote", "-N"))
### prompts for password
DBI::dbGetQuery(con, "select 1 as n")
# n
# 1 1
### when done
proc$kill()
# [1] TRUE
I am trying to connect R with Microsoft SQL server. I have used Toad for SQL Server 6.8 so far for my queries. However, for some other analysis (which can be easily performed in R) I want to connect database with R.
I have tried R function "dbconnect" with providing server name and database name. See query below:
odbc_con <- dbConnect(odbc::odbc(),
Driver = "SQL Server",
Server = "xxxxx",
Database = "yyyyy",
Uid = 'US\dhrdesai',
Pwd = rstudioapi::askForPassword("Database password"),
Port = 1433)
However, I got following errors:
Error: nanodbc/nanodbc.cpp:950: IM002: [Microsoft][ODBC Driver
Manager] Data source name not found and no default driver specified
and
Error: unexpected ')' in " Port = 1433)"
Have anyone faced the same or know any other way to connect R with SQL server.
You need to use a double backslash \\ every time you see a \. I just made my connection work yesterday with the following code. Also pehaps you have not installed all the packages that is required.
library(DBI)
library(dbplyr)
library(odbc)
con <- dbConnect(odbc::odbc(),
Driver = "SQL Server",
Server = "path\\path", # remember \\ if your path has a \
Database = "the_database_name",
user = "your_user_name", # remember \\ if your username has a \
Trusted_Connection = "True")
I'm writing a R package for the first time. Its called aactr and is hosted on my GitHub: https://github.com/jasonbaik94/aactr
Right now, the package only has one function, aact_connect:
aact_connect <- function(user, password) {
drv <- DBI::dbDriver('PostgreSQL')
con <- DBI::dbConnect(drv,
dbname="aact",
host="aact-db.ctti-clinicaltrials.org",
port=5432,
user=user,
password=password)
}
My concern is that users of my package wouldn't like to input their username and password in their R script for privacy reasons.
What would be a nice workaround to ensure user privacy?
One thought I had: When the user types aact_connect(), a window pops up where the user can input username and password and press Enter, after which the connection would be made. Also, for those without a username or password, I'd put a parameter, init_connection = TRUE, after which this sign up page would load: https://aact.ctti-clinicaltrials.org/users/sign_up
Any others suggestions are greatly welcome!
There are many ways to securely handle database credentials in scripts. See few examples below:
Use configuration files such as yaml saves securely on user's machines for R to read into needed variables. See #Spacedman's answer.
config.yaml
db:
host : localhost
port : 5432
name : mypgdb
user : pg_useR
pwd : ***
R
library(yaml)
config = yaml.load_file("/path/to/config.yml")
dbConnect(drv, host = config$db$host, port = config$db$port,
dbname = config$db$name,
user = config$db$user, password = config$db$pwd)
Use environmental variables that are linked to user or system profiles:
db_creds <- Sys.getenv(c("DB_HOST", "DB_PORT", "DB_NAME", "DB_USER", "DB_PWD"))
con <- DBI::dbConnect(drv,
dbname = db_creds[['DB_NAME']],
host = db_creds[['DB_HOST']],
port = db_creds[['DB_PORT,']],
user = db_creds[['DB_USER']],
password = db_creds[['DB_PWD']])
Use DSNs that maintains connection parameters but requires an ODBC connection which can be run with the generalized odbc package (part of same DBI family as RPostgreSQL). Postgres maintains up-to-date odbc drivers for most operating systems. See R-bloggers post.
odbc.ini
[myPG_DSN]
Driver = PostgreSQL Unicode
Database = mypg_db
Servername = localhost
UserName = pg_useR
Password = ***
R
db <- dbConnect(odbc::odbc(), "myPG_DSN")
I want to execute a SSH command from an ASP.NET application. I found Tamir.SharpSsh. In my case the Ubuntu server only allows key based login so i am using the following code but that throws a connection timeout error. my code is as follows
string cmd = "cd projects/test;sudo python parallel.py";
SshExec sshexec = new SshExec("IP Address", "", "");
sshexec.AddIdentityFile(Server.MapPath("~/assets/mykey-openssh"), "key-phrase");
sshexec.Connect();
sshexec.RunCommand(cmd);
Appreciate if someone can point me in the correct direction.
I am making the move from RSQLite to RMySQL and I am confused by the user and password fields. FWIW, I'm running Windows 7, R 2.12.2, MySQL 5.5 (all 64 bit), and RMySQL 0.7-5.
I installed RMySQL as prescribed in this previous SO question, and as far as I know it works (i.e., I can load the package with library(RMySQL)). But when I try to run the tutorial from the R data import guide, I get a "failed to connect to database..." error. This is the code from the tutorial from the guide:
library(RMySQL) # will load DBI as well
## open a connection to a MySQL database
con <- dbConnect(dbDriver("MySQL"), user = "root", password = "root", dbname = "pookas")
## list the tables in the database
dbListTables(con)
## load a data frame into the database, deleting any existing copy
data(USArrests)
dbWriteTable(con, "arrests", USArrests, overwrite = TRUE)
dbListTables(con)
## get the whole table
dbReadTable(con, "arrests")
## Select from the loaded table
dbGetQuery(con, paste("select row_names, Murder from arrests",
"where Rape > 30 order by Murder"))
dbRemoveTable(con, "arrests")
dbDisconnect(con)
On the second line I get the following error:
> con <- dbConnect(dbDriver("MySQL"), user = "richard", password = "root", dbname = "pookas")
Error in mysqlNewConnection(drv, ...) :
RS-DBI driver: (Failed to connect to database: Error: Access denied for user 'richard'#'localhost' (using password: NO)
)
I have tried with and without user and password and with admin as user. I have also tried using a dbname that I made before with the command line and with one that doesn't exist.
Any tips? Is there a good reference here? Thanks!
That is most likely a setup issue on the server side. Make sure that networked access is enabled.
Also, a local test with the command-line client is not equivalent as that typically uses sockets. The mysql server logs may be helpful.
First try to connect to MySQL server using MySQL Workbench or command line mysql using the same parameter. If it connects then R should also be able to connect.
Typically this issue comes when MySQL server doesn't allow connections from remote machines.
As people have told you, you can try to connect to the host with other application as mysql workbench. How odd! When I have tried in RStudio to connect to my db with your code without indicate the host in the command I haven't been able to connect.
I have needed to indicate the host ( host = 'localhost' ) in the command.