Mininet with Scapy - networking

I just recently learned the Scapy part and currently want to use Scapy for the TCP handshack test.
I currently use mininet to create two and execute the following code:
from scapy.all import *
ip=IP(src="10.0.0.1", dst="10.0.0.41")
TCP_SYN=TCP(sport=433, dport=443, flags="S", seq=100)
TCP_SYNACK=sr1(ip/TCP_SYN)
TCP_ACK=TCP(sport=433, dport=443, flags="A", seq=101, ack=TCP_SYNACK.seq + 1)
send(ip/TCP_ACK)
host 2 replied:
enter image description here
But host 2 did not reply to the SYN-ACK packet, even if host 2 was allowed to execute the following code
python3 -m http.server 80
Even if dport is changed to 80, host 1 will receive SYN-ACK from host 2, but host 1 will not reply with ACK

Related

TCP SYN sent with Scapy never received by server nor noticed by Wireshark on the loopback interface

I have a problem with a very basic usage of Scapy on Windows 7 (Python 3.6, Scapy 2.4.0). I'm also running Npcap 0.99r7 and Wireshark 2.6.2 on this sytem. The system does only have one wireless network interface plus the Npcap loopback interface.
I set up this very classic TCP server... :
import socket
host = '127.0.0.1'
port = 8089
s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
s.bind((host, port))
s.listen(1)
connection, address = s.accept()
while 1:
try :
data = connection.recv(1024)
except ConnectionAbortedError:
break
if data:
print('Received: %s' % (data.decode ('utf-8')))
connection.sendall('Data received'.encode())
connection.close()
s.close()
...and I set up this very classic TCP client:
import socket
host = '127.0.0.1'
port = 8089
s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
s.connect((host, port))
s.send('Hello, world!'.encode())
data = s.recv(1024)
print('Received: %s' % (data.decode('utf-8')))
s.close()
Both works fine. Wireshark does report the whole TCP traffic on the loopback interface.
Now, I'm running the server, and I try to run that piece of code that would just send a SYN to the server with Scapy :
from scapy.layers.inet import IP
from scapy.layers.inet import TCP
from scapy.sendrecv import *
dstHost='127.0.0.1'
dstPort = 8089
packet = IP(src='127.0.0.1', dst=dstHost)/TCP(dport=dstPort, flags='S')
response=sr1(packet, timeout=10)
response.display()
Python reports :
Begin emission:
..Finished sending 1 packets.
......Traceback (most recent call last):
File "R:/Documents/Projets/python/hacking/scan.py", line 46, in <module>
response.display()
AttributeError: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'display'
Received 8 packets, got 0 answers, remaining 1 packets
Moreover, Wireshark does not see anything on the loopback interface. May somebody give an hint ?
Update 1
As suggested, I tried a more explicit code using sendp() and not send(), since we are talking layer 2 here:
route_add_loopback()
packet = Loopback()/IP(src='127.0.0.1', dst='127.0.0.1')/TCP(dport=8089, flags='S')
sendp(packet,iface='Npcap Loopback Adapter')
Unfortunately, Wireshark does not sniff the packet on either interfaces (the 'Intel(R) Centrino(R) Advanced-N 6235' and the 'Npcap Loopback Adapter').
Note that the call to route_add_loopback() is required, or show_interfaces() won't report the 'Npcap Loopback Adapter', which means that sendp() will fail. It is possible to restore the Scapy routing table by calling conf.route.resync () after route_add_loopback(), but the result is the same : Wireshark does not sniff the packet on either interface.
Should somebody find some Python piece of code running on Windows 7 that succesfully sends a simple TCP packet on the 'Npcap Loopback Adapter', he would be welcome...
The loopback interface is not a "regular" interface; this is particularly true for Windows.
You can check the route used by Scapy to send the packet by running: packet.route().
If the route displayed does not use the loopback interface, you can try to run (that's windows specific) route_add_loopback() and try again.
Another option would be to use srp1() instead of sr1(), and specify the loopback interface as iface= parameter.

Preventing TCP SYN retry in netcat (for port knocking)

I'm trying to write the linux client script for a simple port knocking setup. My server has iptables configured to require a certain sequence of TCP SYN's to certain ports for opening up access. I'm able to successfully knock using telnet or manually invoking netcat (Ctrl-C right after running the command), but failing to build an automated knock script.
My attempt at an automated port knocking script consists simply of "nc -w 1 x.x.x.x 1234" commands, which connect to x.x.x.x port 1234 and timeout after one second. The problem, however, seems to be the kernel(?) doing automated SYN retries. Most of the time more than one SYN is being send during the 1 second nc tries to connect. I've checked this with tcpdump.
So, does anyone know how to prevent the SYN retries and make netcat simply send only one SYN per connection/knock attempt? Other solutions which do the job are also welcome.
Yeah, I checked that you may use nc too!:
$ nc -z example.net 1000 2000 3000; ssh example.net
The magic comes from (-z: zero-I/O mode)...
You may use nmap for port knocking (SYN). Just exec:
for p in 1000 2000 3000; do
nmap -Pn --max-retries 0 -p $p example.net;
done
try this (as root):
echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_syn_retries
or this:
int sc = 1;
setsockopt(sock, IPPROTO_TCP, TCP_SYNCNT, &sc, sizeof(sc));
You can't prevent the TCP/IP stack from doing what it is expressly designed to do.

Using Scapy to send tcp payload: Why a byte is eaten?

My issue is as follows: I want to implement a listen service using scapy to stimulate a honeypot (because honeypot uses a fake ip, so I can't use OS sockets) and I chose scapy.
I implemented a very simple TCP hand-shake procedure, however one thing frustrated me: one byte of the packet I use PSH to send is eaten.
For example I send "abc" out to a client, but the client's socket, for example netcat or wget, only receive "bc". Another example is "HTTP/1.1 200 OK" becomes "TTP/1.1 200 OK". I captured packet and wireshark can correctly recognize my hand-made packet as HTTP, but the client socket just lack 1 byte. I don't know why.
The code is as follows:
192.168.1.100 stands for server(my) ip addr,9999 is the port. For example, I run this python script on 192.168.1.100, then I use "nc 192.168.1.100 9999". I expect to get "abc", but I can only get "bc", but the packet seems no problem in Wireshark. it's so strange.
'''
Created on Jun 2, 2012
#author: root
'''
from scapy import all
from scapy.layers.inet import IP, ICMP, TCP
from scapy.packet import ls, Raw
from scapy.sendrecv import sniff, send
from scipy.signal.signaltools import lfilter
import scapy.all
HOSTADDR = "192.168.1.100"
TCPPORT = 9999 'port to listen for'
SEQ_NUM = 100
ADD_TEST = "abc"
def tcp_monitor_callback(pkt):
global SEQ_NUM
global TCPPORT
if(pkt.payload.payload.flags == 2):
'A syn situation, 2 for SYN'
print("tcp incoming connection")
ACK=TCP(sport=TCPPORT, dport=pkt.payload.payload.sport, flags="SA",ack=pkt.payload.payload.seq + 1,seq=0)
send(IP(src=pkt.payload.dst,dst=pkt.payload.src)/ACK)
if(pkt.payload.payload.flags & 8 !=0):
'accept push from client, 8 for PSH flag'
print("tcp push connection")
pushLen = len(pkt.payload.payload.load)
httpPart=TCP(sport=TCPPORT, dport=pkt.payload.payload.sport, flags="PA", ack=pkt.payload.payload.seq + pushLen)/Raw(load=ADD_TEST)
'PROBLEM HERE!!!! If I send out abc, the client socket only receive bc, one byte disappers!!!But the packet received by client is CORRECT'
send(IP(src=pkt.payload.dst,dst=pkt.payload.src)/httpPart)
if(pkt.payload.payload.flags & 1 !=0):
'accept fin from cilent'
print ("tcp fin connection")
FIN=TCP(sport=TCPPORT, dport=pkt.payload.payload.sport, flags="FA", ack=pkt.payload.payload.seq +1, seq = pkt.payload.payload.ack)
send(IP(src=pkt.payload.dst,dst=pkt.payload.src)/FIN)
def dispatcher_callback(pkt):
print "packet incoming"
global HOSTADDR
global TCPPORT
if(pkt.haslayer(TCP) and (pkt.payload.dst == HOSTADDR) and (pkt.payload.dport == TCPPORT)):
tcp_monitor_callback(pkt)
else:
return
if __name__ == '__main__':
print "HoneyPot listen Module Test"
scapy.all.conf.iface = "eth0"
sniff(filter=("(tcp dst port %s) and dst host %s") % (TCPPORT,HOSTADDR), prn=dispatcher_callback)
Some suggestions:
Sniff may append some payload to the end of the packet, so len(pkt.payload.payload.load) may not be the real payload length. You can use pkt[IP].len-40 (40 is the common header length of IP+TCP). You may also use -len(pkt[IP].options)-len(pkt[TCP].options) for more accurate results.
Usually the application layer above TCP uses line breaks ("\r\n") to separate commands, so you'd better change ADD_TEST to "abc\r\n"
If none of above methods work, you may upgrade to the latest netcat and try again.
I tested your code, you are missing sending proper tcp sequence
httpPart=TCP(sport=TCPPORT, dport=pkt.payload.payload.sport, flags="PA", ack=pkt.payload.payload.seq + pushLen, seq=pkt.payload.payload.ack)/Raw(load=ADD_TEST)
should fix the issue, you may have other packet length issue, but the eaten 1 byte is caused by missing proper tcp sequence

Strange behaviour of netcat with UDP

I noticed a strange behaviour working with netcat and UDP. I start an instance (instance 1) of netcat that listens on a UDP port:
nc -lu -p 10000
So i launch another instance of netcat (instance 2) and try to send datagrams to my process:
nc -u 127.0.0.1 10000
I see the datagrams. But if i close instance 2 and relaunch again netcat (instance 3):
nc -u 127.0.0.1 10000
i can't see datagrams on instance 1's terminal. Obsiously the operating system assigns a different UDP source port at the instance 3 respect to instance 2 and the problem is there: if i use the same instance'2 source port (example 50000):
nc -u -p 50000 127.0.0.1 10000
again the instance 1 of netcat receives the datagrams. UDP is a connection less protocol so, why? Is this a standard netcat behaviour?
When nc is listening to a UDP socket, it 'locks on' to the source port and source IP of the first packet it receives. Check out this trace:
socket(PF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, IPPROTO_UDP) = 3
setsockopt(3, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, [1], 4) = 0
bind(3, {sa_family=AF_INET, sin_port=htons(10000), sin_addr=inet_addr("127.0.0.1")}, 16) = 0
recvfrom(3, "f\n", 2048, MSG_PEEK, {sa_family=AF_INET, sin_port=htons(52832), sin_addr=inet_addr("127.0.0.1")}, [16]) = 2
connect(3, {sa_family=AF_INET, sin_port=htons(52832), sin_addr=inet_addr("127.0.0.1")}, 16) = 0
Here you can see that it created a UDP socket, set it for address reuse, and bound it to port 10,000. As soon as it received its first datagram (from port 52,832), it issued a connect system call 'connecting' it to the 127.0.0.1:52,832. For UDP, a connect rejects all packets that don't match the IP and port in the connect.
Use the -k option:
nc -l -u -k 0.0.0.0 10000
-k means keep-alive, that netcat keeps listening after each connection
-u means UDP
-l listening on port 10000
Having given up on netcat on my OS version this is pretty short and gets the job done:
#!/usr/bin/ruby
# Receive UDP packets bound for a port and output them
require 'socket'
require 'yaml'
unless ARGV.count == 2
puts "Usage: #{$0} listen_ip port_number"
exit(1)
end
listen_ip = ARGV[0]
port = ARGV[1].to_i
u1 = UDPSocket.new
u1.bind(listen_ip, port)
while true
mesg, addr = u1.recvfrom(100000)
puts mesg
end
As the accepted answer explains, ncat appears not to support --keep-open with the UDP protocol. However, the error message which it prints hints at a workaround:
Ncat: UDP mode does not support the -k or --keep-open options, except with --exec or --sh-exec. QUITTING.
Simply adding --exec /bin/cat allows --keep-open to be used. Both input and output will be connected to /bin/cat, with the effect of turning it an "echo server" because whatever the client sends will be copied back to it.
To do something more useful with the input, we can use the shell's redirection operators (thus requiring --sh-exec instead of --exec). To see the data on the terminal, this works:
ncat -k -l -u -p 12345 --sh-exec "cat > /proc/$$/fd/1"
Caveat: the above example sends data to the stdout of ncat's parent shell, which could be confusing if combined with additional redirections. To simply append all output to a file is more straightforward:
ncat -k -l -u -p 12345 --sh-exec "cat >> ncat.out"

How can I test an outbound connection to an IP address as well as a specific port?

OK, we all know how to use PING to test connectivity to an IP address. What I need to do is something similar but test if my outbound request to a given IP Address as well as a specif port (in the present case 1775) is successful. The test should be performed preferably from the command prompt.
Here is a small site I made allowing to test any outgoing port. The server listens on all TCP ports available.
http://portquiz.net
telnet portquiz.net XXXX
If there is a server running on the target IP/port, you could use Telnet. Any response other than "can't connect" would indicate that you were able to connect.
To automate the awesome service portquiz.net, I did write a bash script :
NB_CONNECTION=10
PORT_START=1
PORT_END=1000
for (( i=$PORT_START; i<=$PORT_END; i=i+NB_CONNECTION ))
do
iEnd=$((i + NB_CONNECTION))
for (( j=$i; j<$iEnd; j++ ))
do
#(curl --connect-timeout 1 "portquiz.net:$j" &> /dev/null && echo "> $j") &
(nc -w 1 -z portquiz.net "$j" &> /dev/null && echo "> $j") &
done
wait
done
If you're testing TCP/IP, a cheap way to test remote addr/port is to telnet to it and see if it connects. For protocols like HTTP (port 80), you can even type HTTP commands and get HTTP responses.
eg
Command IP Port
Telnet 192.168.1.1 80
The fastest / most efficient way I found to to this is with nmap and portquiz.net described here: http://thomasmullaly.com/2013/04/13/outgoing-port-tester/ This scans to top 1000 most used ports:
# nmap -Pn --top-ports 1000 portquiz.net
Starting Nmap 6.40 ( http://nmap.org ) at 2017-08-02 22:28 CDT
Nmap scan report for portquiz.net (178.33.250.62)
Host is up (0.072s latency).
rDNS record for 178.33.250.62: electron.positon.org
Not shown: 996 closed ports
PORT STATE SERVICE
53/tcp open domain
80/tcp open http
443/tcp open https
8080/tcp open http-proxy
Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 4.78 seconds
To scan them all (took 6 sec instead of 5):
# nmap -Pn -p1-65535 portquiz.net
The bash script example of #benjarobin for testing a sequence of ports did not work for me so I created this minimal not-really-one-line (command-line) example which writes the output of the open ports from a sequence of 1-65535 (all applicable communication ports) to a local file and suppresses all other output:
for p in $(seq 1 65535); do curl -s --connect-timeout 1 portquiz.net:$p >> ports.txt; done
Unfortunately, this takes 18.2 hours to run, because the minimum amount of connection timeout allowed integer seconds by my older version of curl is 1. If you have a curl version >=7.32.0 (type "curl -V"), you might try smaller decimal values, depending on how fast you can connect to the service. Or try a smaller port range to minimise the duration.
Furthermore, it will append to the output file ports.txt so if run multiple times, you might want to remove the file first.

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