Paragraph ended before \text# was complete. <to be read again> \par - r

I'm knitting my R markdown file to pdf and keeps getting this error
\begin {align}
\text {using the relation} \\
point estimate \pm z^{2} * SE \\
\text {where z is the z statistic corresponding to 95% of Norm distribution} \\
\end {align*}
i think it's due to the use to % in line 4 of code. File knits when i remove that line or separate from code block.
pls how can i correct it in the code block. I have multiple scenarios like that in my Rmd

Try:
\text {where z is the z statistic corresponding to 95\(\%\) of Norm distribution} \\
That works for me.

Related

Issue with rounding number in robotframework

I have problem with rounding number with 500. I am giving my example below and want to see how i can resolve this problem.
example:
Here i am calculating based on values from application:
{expectedResults} = 2242.31
{income} = 7166.67
${expectedResults}= Evaluate (${expectedResults} / ${income})*100
${expectedResults}= Convert To Number ${expectedResults} 2
my results would be like :31.29%
but if i get results like 30.0001 then i am getting my value as 30.0 instead of 30.00. I wanted to get the value as 30.00 but not able to find solution. Can any one give me the solution to this problem? Thank you in advance.
If you're already using evaluate - just use it a bit more.
${expectedResults}= Evaluate "%.2f" % ${expectedResults}
Full solution:
*** Testcases ***
Hello Computation
${expectedResults}= Evaluate (${expectedResults} / ${income})*100
${expectedResults}= Convert To Number ${expectedResults} 2
${expectedResults}= Evaluate "%.2f" % ${expectedResults}
Log ${expectedResults}
Log to Console ${expectedResults}
*** Variables ***
${expectedResults} 2242.31
${income} 7166.67

R Markdown Math Equation Alignment

I am writing a bunch of math equations in R Markdown inside Rstudio. And I want to align the content either to the left or center. However, seems like the align will align them to the right as default.
I did some google and some of them told me to use a package called ragged2e, but it did not work when I added it in. I am wondering if this should be a latex question or rmarkdown question.
I'm not quite sure what you're going for here, but line breaks, \\ go at the end of tthe line, not the beginning, and the aligmnent operator is &. So this:
$$
\begin{aligned}
AR(p): Y_i &= c + \epsilon_i + \phi_i Y_{i-1} \dots \\
Y_{i} &= c + \phi_i Y_{i-1} \dots
\end{aligned}
$$
produces this:
left align the formula
$\begin{aligned}
AR(p): Y_i &= c + \epsilon_i + \phi_i Y_{i-1} \dots \\
Y_{i} &= c + \phi_i Y_{i-1} \dots
\end{aligned}$
&...& show in the line ; $$...$$ display out;
Wow. That works great! Thank you for the help! This worked perfectly in R Studio Markdown.
My code was in an ordered list and is as follows:
$\begin{aligned}
\lim_{x \to \infty}\frac{2x-5}{4x^4}=0\\
\end{aligned}$
$\begin{aligned}
\frac{d}{dx}\left( \int_{0}^{x}f(u)\,du\right)=f(x)\\
\end{aligned}$

Include Iverson Bracket in R documentation

I am wanting to include an Iverson bracket in R documentation (unless there's a better way to represent this information; I'm no mathematician). This looks something like this.
Here I have valid LaTeX code for such an expression
w_{neg}=\left\{\begin{matrix}
1 & \sum{(X_i^{N})}>0 \\
0 & \sum{(X_i^{N}})=0
\end{matrix}\right.
I tried to include the code below:
#' w_{neg}=\left\{\begin{matrix}
#' 1 & \sum{(X_i^{N})}>0 \\
#' 0 & \sum{(X_i^{N}})=0
#' \end{matrix}\right.
in the details section of roxygen2 but it produces the error seen below when compiling the pdf help documentation:
Creating pdf output from LaTeX ...
Warning: running command '"C:\PROGRA~2\MIKTEX~1.9\miktex\bin\texi2dvi.exe" --pdf "Rd2.tex" -I "C:/R/R-30~1.1/share/texmf/tex/latex" -I "C:/R/R-30~1.1/share/texmf/bibtex/bst"' had status 1
Error : running 'texi2dvi' on 'Rd2.tex' failed
LaTeX errors:
! Misplaced alignment tab character &.
<argument> \left \{\begin {matrix} 1 &
\sum {(X_i^{N})}>0 \\ 0 & \sum {(X_i^...
l.5566 \sum{(X_i^{N}})=0 \end{matrix}\right.}{}
! Emergency stop.
<argument> \left \{\begin {matrix} 1 &
\sum {(X_i^{N})}>0 \\ 0 & \sum {(X_i^...
l.5566 \sum{(X_i^{N}})=0 \end{matrix}\right.}{}
! ==> Fatal error occurred, no output PDF file produced!
Error in running tools::texi2pdf()
How can I include this Iverson Bracket in R documentation (unless there's a better way to represent this in which case that's the better approach)? Note that removal of these lines allows the package to compile.
I utilized the following in the roxygen2 documentation and it worked:
#' \deqn{w_{neg}=\left\{\begin{array}{cc}
#' 1 & \sum{(X_i^{N})}>0 \\
#' 0 & \sum{(X_i^{N}})=0
#' \end{array}\right.}

LaTeX: stack three lines in math mode

Hey,
I'm writing a formula with three indexes i,j,k.
At the end of the line I'd like to put this:
i=1,...,a
j=1,...,b
k=1,...,n
But I'd like it in smaller font and stacked above each other. Can someone tell me a command which can accomplish this? \mbox can't do math mode, I think.
Try the \substack command:
z_i = a_j + b_k \qquad \substack{
i=1,\dots,a \\
j=1,\dots,b \\
k=1,\dots,n}

Annuity or Angle Operation Symbol in LaTeX

How do I set the symbol for the angle or annuity operation in LaTeX? Specifically, this is the actuarial a angle s = (1-vs)/i.
I've looked at Life's Contingency's Package, various Actuarial Outpost forum threads, and the Comprehensive Symbol List for LaTeX, and combined the best into the following macros:
\DeclareRobustCommand{\lcroof}[1]{
\hbox{\vtop{\vbox{%
\hrule\kern 1pt\hbox{%
$\scriptstyle #1$%
\kern 1pt}}\kern1pt}%
\vrule\kern1pt}}
\DeclareRobustCommand{\angle}[1]{
_{\lcroof{#1}}}
You can then use this macro for the problem's example by typing
$a\angle{s}$
If you need a full set of actuarial symbols, you should use the Life's Contingency's Package lifecon. Using lifecon, you can set the above by typing
$a_{\lcroof{s}}$
For a very comprehensive list of LaTeX symbols, see The Comprehensive LaTeX Symbol List. Worth printing out and keeping under your pillow. Page 95 has some code that may do what you want.
I had the same problem with the actuarial symbol and the subscript/superscript, sooo I made a package to make my life easier and help other.
Plus, I’ve add some shortcut to save time.
The project page and the CTAN.
All you need is the actuarialsymbol package.
At the beginning of the code you have to write
\usepackage{actuarialsymbol}
For the sub/superscript
\actsymb['subscripLeft']['superscriptL']{<middle>}{'subscriptR'}{'superscriptR'}
Example of output:
Example of shortcut for actuarial symbol :
I've been doing some typesetting for a professor of mine and it turns out I needed some help producing the accumulated value of an annuity notation.
I asked this question on the tex stack exchange here
The result that Heiko Oberdiek produced was
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{siunitx}
\makeatletter
\newcommand*{\NegationLike}[1]{%
\mathop{%
\mathpalette\#NegationLike{#1}%
}%
% A little space is added automatically,
% if a math ord atom follows.
}
\newdimen\BarLineWidth
\newcommand*{\#NegationLike}[2]{%
% #1: math style
% #2: argument
\vbox{%
% The rule thickness of \overline or \underline
% is available in the font dimen register 8
% of the math family 3 of the current size.
\BarLineWidth=%
\the\fontdimen8%
\ifx\displaystyle#1\textfont
\else\ifx\textstyle#1\textfont
\else\ifx\scriptstyle#1\scriptfont
\else\scriptscriptfont
\fi\fi\fi
3\relax
% The rule at the top
\hrule height\BarLineWidth
% Move the box with the vertical line
% as height as the top of the upper line
% to get a better corner.
Which produces:
accumulated value of annuity
\annu
A good list of latex symbols can be found here http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/info/symbols/comprehensive/symbols-a4.pdf

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