legend in R plot display all lines - r

Question

I have a following problem.
I want to put a legend into my graph. My code:
plot(Lc(`BEL_2016_final.csv`$value),col="red",lwd=2,
xaxt="n", yaxt="n", cex.lab = 1.5)
axis(side=1, at=axTicks(1), cex.axis = 1.5)
axis(side=2, at=axTicks(2), cex.axis = 1.5)
par(new=TRUE)
plot(Lc(`CRO_2016_final.csv`$value),col="blue",lwd=2,
xaxt="n", yaxt="n", cex.lab = 1.5)
axis(side=1, at=axTicks(1), cex.axis = 1.5)
axis(side=2, at=axTicks(2), cex.axis = 1.5)
legend(x = "topleft", legend=paste0(c("Belgium, Gini "),
round(Gini(`BEL_2016_final.csv`$value), digits = 2),
c("Croatia, Gini "),
round(Gini(`CRO_2016_final.csv`$value), digits = 2)),
col=c("red", "blue"), lty=1:2, cex=1, lwd=1.5)
However, the legend looks like this:
When I try:
legend=paste0(c("Belgium, Gini ", "Croatia, Gini "),
round(c(Gini(`BEL_2016_final.csv`$value)),
Gini(`CRO_2016_final.csv`$value)),
digits = 2)
I got this result:
which is wrong, because Gini index for Croatia is 0.73.
How can I modify my code to display both lines (red and blue) in the legend, both on a new line? Thanks a lot.

Answer 1

Your parentheses are mismatched. Whatever IDE/editor you are using I encourage the use of matching (sometimes "rainbow") parentheses. For example, in RStudio, if the cursor is the _ symbol (and accepting RStudio's insistence on its indentation preference):
notice that the ( next to paste0 is highlighted, suggesting you that digits=2 is the last argument in paste0. This is incorrect. Another hint is using RStudio's indentation preference (highlight the block and press Ctrl-I, the default keypress for "Reindent Lines"): the second Gini lines up with c(, not with the first Gini, meaning that c( and second-Gini are at the same level ... where I would expect the second-Gini to be nested within the c(.
To validate what is going on, I'll replace the Gini(.) calls with your 0.52 and 0.73 values, verbatim (but please keep them as Gini(.) in your code:
paste0(c("Belgium, Gini ", "Croatia, Gini "),
round(c(0.52),
0.73),
digits = 2)
# [1] "Belgium, Gini 0.52" "Croatia, Gini 0.52"
Looking at it this way, it appears as if the first right-paren after 0.52 might have been intended to be after the 0.73, since grouping 0.52 and 0.73 makes sense.
Here is corrected code, where all I do is remove one right-paren from after the first-Gini, and add one right-paren to the very end of this expression:
legend=paste0(c("Belgium, Gini ", "Croatia, Gini "),
round(c(Gini(`BEL_2016_final.csv`$value),
Gini(`CRO_2016_final.csv`$value)),
digits = 2) )
and the associated matching-paren highlighting (again, _ is the current cursor):
<soapbox>
PS: I am not saying that one must use the RStudio IDE for R work. In fact, I don't, I use emacs/ess. There are other editors to use as well. However, as much as indentation and similar can be viewed as style and therefore not important for programming, I argue that indentation and some editor functionality like matching-parens can help in readability as well as troubleshooting code before you even get to a mistake; for instance, a consistent indentation style alone here hints to improper paren-closure, and the matching-paren-highlighter confirms it. Use what you prefer, but some programming styles are actually beneficial functionally (and therefore pragmatic).
</soapbox>

Answer 2

Correct solution is:
legend(x = "topleft", legend=paste0(c("Belgium, Gini ", "Croatia, Gini "),
c(round(Gini(`BEL_2016_final.csv`$value), digits = 2),
round(Gini(`CRO_2016_final.csv`$value), digits = 2)
)),
col=c("red", "blue"), lty=1:2, cex=1, lwd=1.5)