Related
I plot a simple linear regression using R.
I would like to save that image as PNG or JPEG, is it possible to do it automatically? (via code)
There are two different questions: First, I am already looking at the plot on my monitor and I would like to save it as is. Second, I have not yet generated the plot, but I would like to directly save it to disk when I execute my plotting code.
There are two closely-related questions, and an answer for each.
1. An image will be generated in future in my script, how do I save it to disk?
To save a plot, you need to do the following:
Open a device, using png(), bmp(), pdf() or similar
Plot your model
Close the device using dev.off()
Some example code for saving the plot to a png file:
fit <- lm(some ~ model)
png(filename="your/file/location/name.png")
plot(fit)
dev.off()
This is described in the (combined) help page for the graphical formats ?png, ?bmp, ?jpeg and ?tiff as well as in the separate help page for ?pdf.
Note however that the image might look different on disk to the same plot directly plotted to your screen, for example if you have resized the on-screen window.
Note that if your plot is made by either lattice or ggplot2 you have to explicitly print the plot. See this answer that explains this in more detail and also links to the R FAQ: ggplot's qplot does not execute on sourcing
2. I'm currently looking at a plot on my screen and I want to copy it 'as-is' to disk.
dev.print(pdf, 'filename.pdf')
This should copy the image perfectly, respecting any resizing you have done to the interactive window. You can, as in the first part of this answer, replace pdf with other filetypes such as png.
If you want to keep seeing the plot in R, another option is to use dev.copy:
X11 ()
plot (x,y)
dev.copy(jpeg,filename="plot.jpg");
dev.off ();
If you reach a clutter of too many plot windows in R, use graphics.off() to close all of the plot windows.
If you use ggplot2 the preferred way of saving is to use ggsave. First you have to plot, after creating the plot you call ggsave:
ggplot(...)
ggsave("plot.png")
The format of the image is determined by the extension you choose for the filename. Additional parameters can be passed to ggsave, notably width, height, and dpi.
Like this
png('filename.png')
# make plot
dev.off()
or this
# sometimes plots do better in vector graphics
svg('filename.svg')
# make plot
dev.off()
or this
pdf('filename.pdf')
# make plot
dev.off()
And probably others too. They're all listed together in the help pages.
For the first question, I find dev.print to be the best when working interactively. First, you set up your plot visually and when you are happy with what you see, you can ask R to save the current plot to disk
dev.print(pdf, file="filename.pdf");
You can replace pdf with other formats such as png.
This will copy the image exactly as you see it on screen. The problem with dev.copy is that the image is often different and doesn't remember the window size and aspect ratio - it forces the plot to be square by default.
For the second question, (as others have already answered), you must direct the output to disk before you execute your plotting commands
pdf('filename.pdf')
plot( yourdata )
points (some_more_data)
dev.off() # to complete the writing process and return output to your monitor
If you use R Studio http://rstudio.org/ there is a special menu to save you plot as any format you like and at any resolution you choose
If you open a device using png(), bmp(), pdf() etc. as suggested by Andrie (the best answer), the windows with plots will not pop up open, just *.png, *bmp or *.pdf files will be created. This is convenient in massive calculations, since R can handle only limited number of graphic windows.
However, if you want to see the plots and also have them saved, call savePlot(filename, type) after the plots are drawn and the window containing them is active.
plotpath<- file.path(path, "PLOT_name",paste("plot_",file,".png",sep=""))
png(filename=plotpath)
plot(x,y, main= file)
dev.off()
To add to these answers, if you have an R script containing calls that generate plots to screen (the native device), then these can all be saved to a pdf file (the default device for a non-interactive shell) "Rplots.pdf" (the default name) by redirecting the script into R from the terminal (assuming you are running linux or OS X), e.g.:
R < myscript.R --no-save
This could be converted to jpg/png as necessary
In some cases one wants to both save and print a base r plot. I spent a bit of time and came up with this utility function:
x = 1:10
basesave = function(expr, filename, print=T) {
#extension
exten = stringr::str_match(filename, "\\.(\\w+)$")[, 2]
switch(exten,
png = {
png(filename)
eval(expr, envir = parent.frame())
dev.off()
},
{stop("filetype not recognized")})
#print?
if (print) eval(expr, envir = parent.frame())
invisible(NULL)
}
#plots, but doesn't save
plot(x)
#saves, but doesn't plot
png("test.png")
plot(x)
dev.off()
#both
basesave(quote(plot(x)), "test.png")
#works with pipe too
quote(plot(x)) %>% basesave("test.png")
Note that one must use quote, otherwise the plot(x) call is run in the global environment and NULL gets passed to basesave().
dev.copy(png,'path/pngFile.png')
plot(YData ~ XData, data = mydata)
dev.off()
I plot a simple linear regression using R.
I would like to save that image as PNG or JPEG, is it possible to do it automatically? (via code)
There are two different questions: First, I am already looking at the plot on my monitor and I would like to save it as is. Second, I have not yet generated the plot, but I would like to directly save it to disk when I execute my plotting code.
There are two closely-related questions, and an answer for each.
1. An image will be generated in future in my script, how do I save it to disk?
To save a plot, you need to do the following:
Open a device, using png(), bmp(), pdf() or similar
Plot your model
Close the device using dev.off()
Some example code for saving the plot to a png file:
fit <- lm(some ~ model)
png(filename="your/file/location/name.png")
plot(fit)
dev.off()
This is described in the (combined) help page for the graphical formats ?png, ?bmp, ?jpeg and ?tiff as well as in the separate help page for ?pdf.
Note however that the image might look different on disk to the same plot directly plotted to your screen, for example if you have resized the on-screen window.
Note that if your plot is made by either lattice or ggplot2 you have to explicitly print the plot. See this answer that explains this in more detail and also links to the R FAQ: ggplot's qplot does not execute on sourcing
2. I'm currently looking at a plot on my screen and I want to copy it 'as-is' to disk.
dev.print(pdf, 'filename.pdf')
This should copy the image perfectly, respecting any resizing you have done to the interactive window. You can, as in the first part of this answer, replace pdf with other filetypes such as png.
If you want to keep seeing the plot in R, another option is to use dev.copy:
X11 ()
plot (x,y)
dev.copy(jpeg,filename="plot.jpg");
dev.off ();
If you reach a clutter of too many plot windows in R, use graphics.off() to close all of the plot windows.
If you use ggplot2 the preferred way of saving is to use ggsave. First you have to plot, after creating the plot you call ggsave:
ggplot(...)
ggsave("plot.png")
The format of the image is determined by the extension you choose for the filename. Additional parameters can be passed to ggsave, notably width, height, and dpi.
Like this
png('filename.png')
# make plot
dev.off()
or this
# sometimes plots do better in vector graphics
svg('filename.svg')
# make plot
dev.off()
or this
pdf('filename.pdf')
# make plot
dev.off()
And probably others too. They're all listed together in the help pages.
For the first question, I find dev.print to be the best when working interactively. First, you set up your plot visually and when you are happy with what you see, you can ask R to save the current plot to disk
dev.print(pdf, file="filename.pdf");
You can replace pdf with other formats such as png.
This will copy the image exactly as you see it on screen. The problem with dev.copy is that the image is often different and doesn't remember the window size and aspect ratio - it forces the plot to be square by default.
For the second question, (as others have already answered), you must direct the output to disk before you execute your plotting commands
pdf('filename.pdf')
plot( yourdata )
points (some_more_data)
dev.off() # to complete the writing process and return output to your monitor
If you use R Studio http://rstudio.org/ there is a special menu to save you plot as any format you like and at any resolution you choose
If you open a device using png(), bmp(), pdf() etc. as suggested by Andrie (the best answer), the windows with plots will not pop up open, just *.png, *bmp or *.pdf files will be created. This is convenient in massive calculations, since R can handle only limited number of graphic windows.
However, if you want to see the plots and also have them saved, call savePlot(filename, type) after the plots are drawn and the window containing them is active.
plotpath<- file.path(path, "PLOT_name",paste("plot_",file,".png",sep=""))
png(filename=plotpath)
plot(x,y, main= file)
dev.off()
To add to these answers, if you have an R script containing calls that generate plots to screen (the native device), then these can all be saved to a pdf file (the default device for a non-interactive shell) "Rplots.pdf" (the default name) by redirecting the script into R from the terminal (assuming you are running linux or OS X), e.g.:
R < myscript.R --no-save
This could be converted to jpg/png as necessary
In some cases one wants to both save and print a base r plot. I spent a bit of time and came up with this utility function:
x = 1:10
basesave = function(expr, filename, print=T) {
#extension
exten = stringr::str_match(filename, "\\.(\\w+)$")[, 2]
switch(exten,
png = {
png(filename)
eval(expr, envir = parent.frame())
dev.off()
},
{stop("filetype not recognized")})
#print?
if (print) eval(expr, envir = parent.frame())
invisible(NULL)
}
#plots, but doesn't save
plot(x)
#saves, but doesn't plot
png("test.png")
plot(x)
dev.off()
#both
basesave(quote(plot(x)), "test.png")
#works with pipe too
quote(plot(x)) %>% basesave("test.png")
Note that one must use quote, otherwise the plot(x) call is run in the global environment and NULL gets passed to basesave().
dev.copy(png,'path/pngFile.png')
plot(YData ~ XData, data = mydata)
dev.off()
I plot a simple linear regression using R.
I would like to save that image as PNG or JPEG, is it possible to do it automatically? (via code)
There are two different questions: First, I am already looking at the plot on my monitor and I would like to save it as is. Second, I have not yet generated the plot, but I would like to directly save it to disk when I execute my plotting code.
There are two closely-related questions, and an answer for each.
1. An image will be generated in future in my script, how do I save it to disk?
To save a plot, you need to do the following:
Open a device, using png(), bmp(), pdf() or similar
Plot your model
Close the device using dev.off()
Some example code for saving the plot to a png file:
fit <- lm(some ~ model)
png(filename="your/file/location/name.png")
plot(fit)
dev.off()
This is described in the (combined) help page for the graphical formats ?png, ?bmp, ?jpeg and ?tiff as well as in the separate help page for ?pdf.
Note however that the image might look different on disk to the same plot directly plotted to your screen, for example if you have resized the on-screen window.
Note that if your plot is made by either lattice or ggplot2 you have to explicitly print the plot. See this answer that explains this in more detail and also links to the R FAQ: ggplot's qplot does not execute on sourcing
2. I'm currently looking at a plot on my screen and I want to copy it 'as-is' to disk.
dev.print(pdf, 'filename.pdf')
This should copy the image perfectly, respecting any resizing you have done to the interactive window. You can, as in the first part of this answer, replace pdf with other filetypes such as png.
If you want to keep seeing the plot in R, another option is to use dev.copy:
X11 ()
plot (x,y)
dev.copy(jpeg,filename="plot.jpg");
dev.off ();
If you reach a clutter of too many plot windows in R, use graphics.off() to close all of the plot windows.
If you use ggplot2 the preferred way of saving is to use ggsave. First you have to plot, after creating the plot you call ggsave:
ggplot(...)
ggsave("plot.png")
The format of the image is determined by the extension you choose for the filename. Additional parameters can be passed to ggsave, notably width, height, and dpi.
Like this
png('filename.png')
# make plot
dev.off()
or this
# sometimes plots do better in vector graphics
svg('filename.svg')
# make plot
dev.off()
or this
pdf('filename.pdf')
# make plot
dev.off()
And probably others too. They're all listed together in the help pages.
For the first question, I find dev.print to be the best when working interactively. First, you set up your plot visually and when you are happy with what you see, you can ask R to save the current plot to disk
dev.print(pdf, file="filename.pdf");
You can replace pdf with other formats such as png.
This will copy the image exactly as you see it on screen. The problem with dev.copy is that the image is often different and doesn't remember the window size and aspect ratio - it forces the plot to be square by default.
For the second question, (as others have already answered), you must direct the output to disk before you execute your plotting commands
pdf('filename.pdf')
plot( yourdata )
points (some_more_data)
dev.off() # to complete the writing process and return output to your monitor
If you use R Studio http://rstudio.org/ there is a special menu to save you plot as any format you like and at any resolution you choose
If you open a device using png(), bmp(), pdf() etc. as suggested by Andrie (the best answer), the windows with plots will not pop up open, just *.png, *bmp or *.pdf files will be created. This is convenient in massive calculations, since R can handle only limited number of graphic windows.
However, if you want to see the plots and also have them saved, call savePlot(filename, type) after the plots are drawn and the window containing them is active.
plotpath<- file.path(path, "PLOT_name",paste("plot_",file,".png",sep=""))
png(filename=plotpath)
plot(x,y, main= file)
dev.off()
To add to these answers, if you have an R script containing calls that generate plots to screen (the native device), then these can all be saved to a pdf file (the default device for a non-interactive shell) "Rplots.pdf" (the default name) by redirecting the script into R from the terminal (assuming you are running linux or OS X), e.g.:
R < myscript.R --no-save
This could be converted to jpg/png as necessary
In some cases one wants to both save and print a base r plot. I spent a bit of time and came up with this utility function:
x = 1:10
basesave = function(expr, filename, print=T) {
#extension
exten = stringr::str_match(filename, "\\.(\\w+)$")[, 2]
switch(exten,
png = {
png(filename)
eval(expr, envir = parent.frame())
dev.off()
},
{stop("filetype not recognized")})
#print?
if (print) eval(expr, envir = parent.frame())
invisible(NULL)
}
#plots, but doesn't save
plot(x)
#saves, but doesn't plot
png("test.png")
plot(x)
dev.off()
#both
basesave(quote(plot(x)), "test.png")
#works with pipe too
quote(plot(x)) %>% basesave("test.png")
Note that one must use quote, otherwise the plot(x) call is run in the global environment and NULL gets passed to basesave().
dev.copy(png,'path/pngFile.png')
plot(YData ~ XData, data = mydata)
dev.off()
I have 3 R plots saved as pdf files (upper_left.pdf, upper_right.pdf, lower.pdf) as vector graphic and want to make a one-page pdf file and arrange them on it as follows:
What I have tried already
I have tried reading the pdf's using magick::image_read_pdf and appending them using magick::image_append. More specifically,
library(magick)
panel.ul <- image_read_pdf("upper_left.pdf")
panel.ur <- image_read_pdf("upper_right.pdf")
panel.l <- image_read_pdf("lower.pdf")
whole <- c(panel.ul, panel.ur) %>%
image_append() %>%
c(panel.l) %>%
image_append(stack = TRUE)
The first issue is magick::image_read_pdf imports the plot as png (if I'm right, not vector graphic though).
magick::image_append also 'works' and gives me what I want in viewer pane (in RStudio, next to Help).
I then try to save them using export::graph2pdf(whole), but it gives me a blank page.
So, if I am to use magick, there are two issues that need to be solved:
importing plots as vector graphic objects (do not know the technical term in R)
Exporting the stacked plot to a vector pdf file.
How can I solve it? thanks in advance.
You're basically done. You only need to add
plot(whole) # plot the external object generated in ImageMagick to R's plotting device
savePlot(type = "pdf") # saves the current plotting device to a pdf file.
You will find your plot in your workoing directory called "Rplot.pdf".
savePlot has many options to customize your pdf output. Make sure to check ?savePlot.
To recreate your scheme from above youll need to temporarily save the upper panel as a separate pdf before you paste it to on top of the lower panel:
whole2 <- image_append(c(panel.ul, panel.ur))
plot(whole2)
savePlot("whole2.pdf", type = "pdf")
If the upper and lower panel do not look proportionate you can use the heght and width parameters of savePlot to adjust the size of the first pdf.
panel.upr <- image_read_pdf("whole2.pdf")
final <- image_append(c(image_append(panel.upr),panel.l), stack = TRUE)
plot(final)
savePlot("final.pdf", type = "pdf")
I can't make Octave export my EPS figures with the greek symbols in title. I mean, it does displays inside Octave, but when I print it to an EPS file (print -depsc2 filename.eps), it displays alpha instead of the symbol alpha.
I guess you want the EPS for inclusion into a latex document? There are numerous ways to do this. One popular way is using psfrag.
I suggest using
print -depslatex yourfile.eps
which will create yourfile.eps only with the graphic part and yourfile.tex (which includes yourfile.eps). You can then add it to your main latex document with \include.
If you just want the plot without having a main latex document you can use
print -depslatexstandalone yourfile.eps
and let latex process the code. Here is a simple example:
close all
graphics_toolkit fltk
sombrero ();
title ("Plot the familiar 3-D sombrero function:\
$z = \\frac{\\sin\\left(\\sqrt{x^2 + y^2}\\right)}{\\sqrt{x^2 + y^2}}$");
print -depslatexstandalone test_epslatex
system("latexmk test_epslatex.tex -ps");
system("latexmk -c");
With this you have a great flexibility and use all Latex commands.
Another, very easy way is to use gnuplot:
graphics_toolkit gnuplot
plot(1:2);
title('\alpha')
print -depsc out.eps