I created a simple barplot surrounded by a box. Is there any way to move my names closer to the box (space marked in blue)?
MWE:
set.seed(1)
count <- runif(n = 3, min = 0, max = 10)
names <- letters[seq(from = 1, to = 3)]
barplot(height = count,
names.arg = names,
horiz = TRUE,
las = 1)
box()
Here are two ways to do this. You can use rect instead of box to move the box boundary to the left:
barplot(height=count, names.arg=names, horiz=TRUE, las=1)
bounds <- par("usr")
rect(bounds[1]-.1, bounds[3], bounds[2], bounds[4], xpd=NA)
Or you can add the y-axis separately which lets you control where the labels are plotted:
x <- barplot(height=count, horiz=TRUE, las=1)
box()
axis(2, x, names, las=1, tick=FALSE, mgp=c(2, .35, 0))
Adjust the middle value in mgp to position the labels (see ?par)
Related
When adding ticks to a plot (more ticks than default), how does one get the grid() to align the grid to the ticks?
plot(1:10,las=1,xaxp = c(0, 10, 10),xlim=c(0,10), ylim=c(0,10))
grid(lwd=2, nx=10, ny=10)
Tried changed the xlim and different numbers for the nx arg in grid (number of cells), but the grid simply doesn't line up.
Related, but doesn't answer question: Aligning grid lines in R, bReeze package
Related, and uses workaround: Align grid with ticks
Is the workaround the most efficient option?
You could use abline to draw grids. You can specify where the grids should be with h (for horizontal lines) and v (for vertical lines)
#Plot
plot(1:10,las=1,xaxp = c(0, 10, 10),xlim=c(0,10), ylim=c(0,10))
#Add horizontal grid
abline(h = c(0,2,4,6,8,10), lty = 2, col = "grey")
#Add vertical grid
abline(v = 1:10, lty = 2, col = "grey")
Another workaround is to use axis where tck value is 1. With axis, you can specify where the grids should be with at
#Plot
plot(1:10,las=1,xaxp = c(0, 10, 10),xlim=c(0,10), ylim=c(0,10))
#Add horizontal grid
axis(2, at = c(0,2,4,6,8,10), tck = 1, lty = 2, col = "grey", labels = NA)
#Add vertical grid
axis(1, at = 1:10, tck = 1, lty = 2, col = "grey", labels = NA)
#Add box around plot
box()
The problem is that grid is putting nx grid lines in the user space, but plot is adding 4% extra space on each side. You can take control of this. Adding xaxs="i", yaxs="i" to your plot will turn off the extra space. But then your upper right point will be cut off, so you need to change the xlim and ylim values and change nx to match. Final code is:
plot(1:10,las=1,xaxp = c(0, 10, 10),xlim=c(0,11), ylim=c(0,11),
xaxs="i", yaxs="i")
grid(lwd=2, nx=11, ny=11)
The answer to your question
When adding ticks to a plot (more ticks than default), how does one get the grid() to align the grid to the ticks?
is:
Using function axis to obtain the x axis tick locations created by plot function in combination with abline
Concretely, you substitute the line
grid(lwd=2, nx=10, ny=10)
by the following three lines
x_ticks <- axis(1, 0:10, labels = FALSE)
grid(lwd = 2, ny = NULL, nx = NA)
abline(v = x_ticks, lwd = 2, lty = 3, col = "lightgray")
and the result will be
You can control both x ticks and y ticks and get rid of the grid function. In this case the 3 lines would be
x_ticks <- axis(1, 0:10, labels = FALSE)
y_ticks <- axis(2, labels = FALSE)
abline(v = x_ticks, h = y_ticks, lwd = 2, lty = 3, col = "lightgray")
I would vote for the workaround. Because if you look at manual from ?grid, it has this statement,
"Note: If more fine tuning is required, use ‘abline(h = ., v = .)’
directly."
This question already has answers here:
How can I plot with 2 different y-axes?
(6 answers)
Closed 6 years ago.
i'm having troubles in a multi axis barplot. I have an X,Y axis with bars and dots in the same graph. The point is that I have to shown both of them in different scales
While I can shown both (bars and dots) correctly, the problem comes when I try to set different scales in left and right axis. I dont know how to change the aditional axis scale, and how to bind the red dots to the right axis, and the bars to the left one.
This is my code and what I get:
labels <- value
mp <- barplot(height = churn, main = title, ylab = "% churn", space = 0, ylim = c(0,5))
text(mp, par("usr")[3], labels = labels, srt = 45, adj = c(1.1,1.1), xpd = TRUE, cex=.9)
# Population dots
points(popul, col="red", bg="red", pch=21, cex=1.5)
# Churn Mean
media <- mean(churn)
abline(h=media, col = "black", lty=2)
# Population scale
axis(side = 4, col= "red")
ylim= c(0,50)
ylim= c(0,5)
What I want is to have left(grey) axis at ylim=c(0,5) with the bars bound to that axis. And the right(red) axis at ylim=c(0,50) with the dots bound to that axis...
The goal is to represent bars and points in the same graph with diferent axis.
Hope I explained myself succesfully.
Thanks for your assistance!
Here is a toy example. The only "trick" is to store the x locations of the bar centers and the limits of the x axis when creating the barplot, so that you can overlay a plot with the same x axis and add your points over the centers of the bars. The xaxs = "i" in the call to plot.window indicates to use the exact values given rather than expanding by a constant (the default behavior).
set.seed(1234)
dat1 <- sample(10, 5)
dat2 <- sample(50, 5)
par(mar = c(2, 4, 2, 4))
cntrs <- barplot(dat1)
xlim0 <- par()$usr[1:2]
par(new = TRUE)
plot.new()
plot.window(xlim = xlim0, ylim = c(0, 50), xaxs = "i")
points(dat2 ~ cntrs, col = "darkred")
axis(side = 4, col = "darkred")
I don't know how to change the code so that the y-axis in the barPlot shows completely? I expect it to show up to 10 as I have a 9.2 in my data points but it shows only up to 8. Any idea what's the hack to this?
Here's the code:
And here's what it shows:
just set the ylim = c(0, 10) like the way you changed the xlim
Whatever the axis that the groups go on isn't drawn by default, so a vertical bar plot won't have x-axis; horizontal won't have y-axis. You can add that of course. Use the return value of barplot:
par(mfrow = c(2, 1))
bp <- barplot(c(8, 5), width = .5, main = 'Feature Exploration', xlim = c(0,4), ylim = c(0, 10),
ylab = 'Errors (%)', xlab = 'ML Models', col = c('gray27','orangered4'))
## this will draw the x-axis but at points 1, 2, 3, ... which is not
## where the centers of your bars are plotted; you get that info in bp
axis(1)
bp <- barplot(c(8, 5), width = .5, main = 'Feature Exploration', xlim = c(0,4), ylim = c(0, 10),
ylab = 'Errors (%)', xlab = 'ML Models', col = c('gray27','orangered4'))
## so try again with a fancy axis, bp is a matrix containing the centers
## of the plotted bars
axis(1, at = bp, labels = c('Model1','Model2'), lwd = 0, lwd.ticks = 1, tcl = -.5)
I might be missing something simple here... I can't find anyway to remove the lines that cross the legend differentiating different colours; following on the from the volcano topography example in ?filled.contour, I've got this:
x <- 10*1:nrow(volcano)
y <- 10*1:ncol(volcano)
filled.contour(x, y, volcano, color = terrain.colors,
plot.title = title(main = "The Topography of Maunga Whau",
xlab = "Meters North", ylab = "Meters West"),
plot.axes = { axis(1, seq(100, 800, by = 100))
axis(2, seq(100, 600, by = 100)) },
key.title = title(main="Height\n(meters)"),
key.axes = axis(2,
labels=FALSE,
at=FALSE,
lty=NULL,
tick=FALSE,
col="white",
col.ticks=NULL)
)
mtext(paste("filled.contour(.) from", R.version.string),side = 1, line = 4, adj = 1, cex = .66)
I've managed to remove all the labels and tick-marks from the axis, but the lines still exist (incidentally, the effect I'm trying to achieve is (I believe) the default in Matlab!)
If you examine the code for filled.contour you'll see this line:
rect(0, levels[-length(levels)], 1, levels[-1L], col = col)
that draws the color key rectangle. It's vectorized, so it's drawing each of the individual color boxes. The function rect accepts an argument border, which if you set to NA will omit the internal borders of the rectangles. So create your own version of the function and change this line to :
rect(0, levels[-length(levels)], 1, levels[-1L], col = col, border = NA)
or make it an argument, rather than hard coding. When I do this, I get the following graph:
You don't even need to change the filled.contour hardcode. Apparently the argument border in the function rect relies on par("fg"). Just set par(fg = NA) to remove those black lines.
I am trying to remove all margins and the "figure region" of a plot in R, so that the plot region comprises the entire graphic device. I thought the code below would do it, but there is still a border around my plot (wider on left/bottom, thinner on top/right). Thanks
par(oma=c(0, 0, 0, 0))
par(mar=c(0, 0, 0, 0))
par(plt=c(0, 1, 0, 1))
Thought I would add a picture to show my progress. The xaxs and yaxs removed nearly all border from the top and right- there is still a border on the left and bottom.
The relevant portion of my script is below.
png("Test.png",
width = 256, height = 256,
units = "px", pointsize = 6.4,
bg = "black", res = NA)
par(mar=c(0, 0, 0, 0), xaxs='i', yaxs='i')
smoothScatter(lhb$px, lhb$pz, nrpoints=0, xlim=c(-3,3), ylim=c(0,5),
main="", xlab="", ylab="", axes=FALSE,
colramp=colorRampPalette(c("black", "#202020", "#736AFF", "cyan", "yellow", "#F87431", "#FF7F00", "red", "#7E2217"))
)
segments(.83, 1.597, .83, 3.436, col = par("fg"), lty = par("lty"), lwd = par("lwd"))
segments(-.83, 1.597, -.83, 3.436, col = par("fg"), lty = par("lty"), lwd = par("lwd"))
segments(-.83, 3.436, .83, 3.436, col = par("fg"), lty = par("lty"), lwd = par("lwd"))
segments(-.83, 1.597, .83, 1.597, col = par("fg"), lty = par("lty"), lwd = par("lwd"))
dev.off()
One issue is fundamentally not getting what plt does. From ?par we have:
‘plt’ A vector of the form ‘c(x1, x2, y1, y2)’ giving the
coordinates of the plot region as fractions of the current
figure region.
So your plot region is of zero size if you do par(plt=c(1, 1, 1, 1)), so that doesn't seem to be the way to go. This is because the figure region contains the plot region.
This plot seems to cover the entire region, without any margins:
op <- par(mar = rep(0, 4))
plot(1:10)
par(op)
it covers it so well you can't see the axes or the box:
This assumes the default for 0 outer margin (oma). Is this what you were looking for?
We can see that just adjusting the plot margins, as above, we also change the plt parameter as a side effect:
> par("plt")
[1] 0.1173174 0.9399106 0.1457273 0.8828467
> op <- par(mar = rep(0, 4))
> par("plt")
[1] 0 1 0 1
> par(op)
> par("plt")
[1] 0.1173174 0.9399106 0.1457273 0.8828467
indicating that simply setting the plot margins is sufficient to get a plot/figure region encompassing the entire device.
Of course, there is still a bit of internal padding that insures the ranges of the axes are slightly large than the range of the data in both the x and y coordinates. But you can control this with xaxs and yaxs --- see ?par
Update: As the OP has shown the sort of figure they are trying to produce without margins, I can provide a reproducible example:
set.seed(1)
dat <- matrix(rnorm(100*100), ncol = 100, nrow = 100)
layout(matrix(1:2, ncol = 2))
image(dat)
op <- par(mar = rep(0, 4))
image(dat)
par(op)
layout(1)
which gives for comparison:
and showing just the full plotting region:
Try setting the clip region parameter 'xpd' to NA ( clipped to device).
par(xpd = NA)