How to fill map boundaries with external images? - r

I am creating a map of Brazil with its state boundaries, which is straight forward to achieve using ggplot2 and geom_sf.
However, this time around, instead of color filling each state with data, I want to fill each state's boundaries with an external image (png), similar to this example of the largest employer in each state.
I have tried a few settings of geom_image and even geom_flag to no avail (hence why I am not posting any code here).
Are there any suggestions on how to approach this problem?

You can try cartography::getPngLayer/pngLayer. These two functions takes a png as input, geotag and crop it to the shape of a given polygon and creates a rasterbrick object (as a tile) that you can manipulate and plot:
https://dieghernan.github.io/cartographyvignette#png-layer

Related

R - sf package - is it possible to create a zoomed-in map on top of a larger map with some additional features?

I would like to use the sf package to create a map of Europe and on top of it overlay a smaller, zoomed-in part of Europe. An example of how I would like my map to look like is pasted from Wikipedia here:
So, I know that I could first create a map of Europe, then separately a map of the zoomed-in region, and then probably use ggdraw to overlay them. However, specifically what I am interested in is how to create the red-shaded region which connects two rectangles (see image above). I was hoping that there is some method where this could be done automatically, but if you have any other workarounds, I would be very grateful.

How to obtain koppen-geiger climate map for ggmap

I would like to use ggmap to plot several data points on top of a koppen-geiger climate map.
The kopper-geiger data and GIS/KMZ maps can be downloaded here:
http://koeppen-geiger.vu-wien.ac.at/present.htm
I've managed to have a code to plot the points on regular maps, obtained through the get_map function but I fail to use other maps such as koppen-geiger.
Any help will be appreaciated!
Your basic problem is that the map you are attmepting to use is an image file that is not georeferenced. So unless you want to go through the unnecessary and probably time consuming process of georeferencing this image yourself, you will be better taking an alternative approach. There are perhaps a few ways to do this. But, unless you have very few data points to overlay on the map which you can place manually using the lat-long grid of the image, then the least painful method will certainly be to redraw the map yourself using the shapefile.
This is not the right place to give you an introductory lesson on GIS, but the basic steps are to
Download shapefile (which is available at the same website as the image you linked)
Project map to desired coordinate system
Plot map, coloring by climate class
Color the ocean layer
Add labels, legend, and graticule, as desired
Overplot with your own climate data, and legend for these.
If you are unsure how to approach any of these steps, then take an introductory course on GIS, and search the Web for instructional materials. You may find this resource useful.
https://cran.r-project.org/doc/contrib/intro-spatial-rl.pdf

How to use coordination of another viewport in Grid package?

I want analyse the climate data in several cities and for each city a chart is produced using ggplot2. And as underlayer I made a map and want to locate the chart for each city in the map with the right position. I think it is not possible to plot them directly with ggplot2, unless I define a new geom. A better way may be using the Grid package and place the viewports in the right way somehow, that means the viewport center should be set to the precise place with longitude and latitude. Is it possible to use the coordination of another viewport(here the map plot)?

Defining polygon coordinates with a predefined image and plotting in R

Here is what I need: I have an image and want to plot on specific rectangle-shaped parts of it (e.g., imagine having a picture of a chessboard and wanting to fill every square with a different color). I would like to be able to easily specify the coordinates for these parts and take these coordinates into R for plotting.
I don't have any experience with making such plots. I've thought of simply inserting an image into a plot with rasterImage (), then plotting with polygon (), but the task of setting up the coordinates for the polygon function seemed too time consuming - hence the question above.
If you have any better ideas than using a set of coordinates for the polygon function, please share. Any leads or packages suggestions would also be helpful.
thank you. Marko.

Using R for extracing data from colour image

I have a scanned map from which i would like to extract the data into form of Long Lat and the corresponding value. Can anyone please tell me about how i can extract the data from the map. Is there any packages in R that would enable me to extract data from the scanned map. Unfortunately, i cannot find the person who made this map.
Thanks you very much for your time and help.
Take a look at OCR. I doubt you'll find anything for R, since R is primarily a statistical programming language.
You're better off with something like opencv
Once you find the appropriate OCR package, you will need to identify the x and y positions of your characters which you can then use to classify them as being on the x or y axis of your map.
This is not trivial, but good luck
Try this:
Read in the image file using the raster package
Use the locator() function to click on all the lat-long intersection points.
Use the locator data plus the lat-long data to create a table of lat-long to raster x-y coordinates
Fit a radial (x,y)->(r,theta) transformation to the data. You'll be assuming the projected latitude lines are circular which they seem to be very close to but not exact from some overlaying I tried earlier.
To sample from your image at a lat-long point, invert the transformation.
The next hard problem is trying to get from an image sample to the value of the thing being mapped. Maybe take a 5x5 grid of pixels and average, leaving out any gray pixels. Its even harder than that because some of the colours look like they are made from combining pixels of two different colours to make a new shade. Is this the best image you have?
I'm wondering what top-secret information has been blanked out from the top left corner. If it did say what the projection was that would help enormously.
Note you may be able to do a lot of the process online with mapwarper:
http://mapwarper.net
but I'm not sure if it can handle your map's projection.

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