I need a code that can change the layout of my homepage to be viewed in different PC monitors.
I already tried "responsive Webdesign", but I don't know if there is a way of making it be shown not just in different devices but also in different PC screen sizes? Thanks in advance.
css's media tag is the one you might want to look into.
Quote from w3c here:
The #media rule is used in media queries to apply different styles for different media types/devices.
Media queries can be used to check many things, such as:
width and height of the viewport
width and height of the device
orientation (is the tablet/phone in landscape or portrait mode?)
resolution
Using media queries are a popular technique for delivering a tailored style sheet (responsive web design) to desktops, laptops, tablets, and mobile phones.
When you refer different PC monitor I assume you mean different width/length, or aspect ratio or resolution. I also assume your situation is that you want to show content in different style on different resolutions, but all on PC monitor, like 720p or 1080p or 4k monitors, following code might help.
/* On screens that are 992px wide or less, go from four columns to two columns */
#media screen and (max-width: 992px) {
.column {
width: 50%;
}
}
/* On screens that are 600px wide or less, make the columns stack on top of each other instead of next to each other */
#media screen and (max-width: 600px) {
.column {
width: 100%;
}
}
As mentioned by caoool, Media Queries is what you are looking for.
Basically, using media queries you can write custom css if the resolution is more or less than a specific value.
FYI, there is an awesome open-source css framework called Bootstrap which makes designing responsive websites a lot easier and effortless.
Have a look at Bootstrap Documentation and Bootstrap Examples for more info about the framework.
Related
I came across a situation in a project were i wanted to write media queries for iPad Air and iPad Mini separately. What i am wondering is how can i target it differently since their resolutions are overlapping. for example
#media only screen and (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 1024px) { //iPad Mini
.content{
background-color: grey;
}
}
#media only screen and (min-width: 820px) and (max-width: 1180px) { //iPad Air
.content{
background-color: blue;
}
}
What background-color will be applied to the content class for the screen resolution which is between 820px to 1024px since it applies for both the cases? Please correct me if my understanding is wrong. what is the best way to handle such situations? thanks in advance
For screen sizes between 820px and 1024px, blue will be applied as the background color. Since both styles would validly apply to an element with class "content", and have the same specificity, the browser will apply whichever style comes last in the stylesheet. Read more here: https://css-tricks.com/precedence-css-order-css-matters/
It is technically possible to detect what device a user is using to browse your website, but only through exploitation of certain bugs, and likely not easily. You certainly can't write a media query that explicitly targets a specific device.
Even if you could easily, I wouldn't recommend it. In general, you should not design for specific devices - you should have a single, responsive design that neatly adapts to many different screen sizes.
If you're just looking for a good set of breakpoints, a common set of non-overlapping breakpoints are the Bootstrap breakpoints. A possibly better thought-out alternative are David Gilbertson's breakpoints.
Unless you have a good reason not to, you should just stick to using only min-width media queries (if your site is designed mobile-first), or just max-width media queries (if your site is designed desktop-first). This way, styles neatly and predictably overwrite each other as screen sizes get larger (in the first case) or larger (in the second case).
My apologies for writing so much but I wanted to put what I’m doing into context. So I’ll ask my question first:
Why does the HTML and CSS this link to a responsive navbar stop working when I change its “max-width” media queries to “min-width”, pixel-based media queries?
https://osvaldas.info/examples/drop-down-navigation-touch-friendly-and-responsive/#nav
All I need is to understand why I can’t make the HTML and CSS behave exactly the same way with min-width, pixel-based media queries. What do I not get? I’ve been working with Responsive web design and development for a few years. But this clearly proves I don’t understand responsive css the way I need to. I’m coding up a responsive website from scratch for a client of my own without Bootstrap so I can hard-wire my understanding on the principles that Ethan Marcotte sets out in the second edition of Responsive Web Design.
I’m not trying to be lazy by not posting my own code. This is the exact same structure navbar I want to use for the site I’m building, and you can go straight to the relevant HTML and CSS in the above link. I’ve tried making a linked stylesheet of the embedded CSS and HTML in the above link. I’ve injected it into my own site as a separate linked-stylesheet but I’m still running into the same brick wall.
My breakpoints structure in my own stylesheet is:
`/* ====MOBILE FIRST===== */
/* Custom, iPhone Retina */
#media only screen and (min-width: 320 px) {
}
/* Extra Small Devices, Phones */
#media only screen and (min-width: 480 px) {
}
/* Small Devices, Tablets */
#media only screen and (min-width: 768 px) {
}
/* Medium Devices, Desktops */
#media only screen and (min-width: 1024 px) {
}
/* Desktop */
#media only screen and (min-width: 1280 px) {
}`
I also don’t want to have one big monster stylesheet, so I’m trying to link the navbar stylesheet to the main stylesheet, using:
`#import url('mainstyles.css');`
I know that essential css rules for breakpoints must go into specific media queries. But if all the CSS in the above navbar link have to go into all five “min-width” based media queries - that’s just CSS bloat - isn’t it? And too much unnecessary CSS code?
I’ve spent three days on it and I just can’t get the fundamental reason. How do I make the above nav bar BEHAVE EXACTLY THE SAME WAY after changing the “max-width” media queries to “min-width” pixel-based media queries? I’ve tried changing the “width” and all style rules relevant to display to percentages - but it’s not solving the fundamental reason. Many thanks in advance for all advice.
Keith :)
max-width means the query will work up UNTIL the specified width.
min-width means the query will START working at the specified width.
Your first query will work from 320px to 479px. Your second will work from 480px to 767px, and so on (you have no query for 0-319px).
In order to change max-width to min-width you'd need to bump each query down a level (XS would become min-width: 320px, Desktop would become min-width: 1024, etc.)
I've included a simple answer below, as I found, once you get the basics right with Media Queries, its an easy concept to then apply to more complex ideas...
The example below could be used for firstly, a smartphone, then going up to an iPad, then finally a landscape iPad and a desktop device...
#media screen and (max-width: 600px) {
/* Stylings for all devices with screens with a width of 600px or less.*/
}
#media screen and (max-width: 992px) {
/* all screens with a max width of 992px or less */
}
#media screen and (min-width: 992px) {
/* all screens with a width of 992px or higher */
}
I am getting into web development, and am having a bit trouble with CSS. I am more of a C++/PHP guy, so this is a different world to me and it boggles my mind. My only problem with CSS is positioning objects. That is literally all I have problems with. I can easily reference complicated selectors, and lookup how to manipulate certain attributes....but positioning stops me dead in my tracks.
This is less of a question, and more of a call out to someone who knows what they doing. I am completely in love with the concept of responsive web design. I, however, have never dove into this personally (I use wordpress and responsive themes to handle visuals---while I write the content and plugins i need). What exactly is involved in responsive web design? I heard of grid systems alot, and it makes sense in my head. Is a grid system what makes a page layout change? How? Do i code my own or use a existing system?
What about media queries? I see examples of this, and its amazing to me (i understand zero of it lol). With media queries it seems like you would easily be able to create a responsive site...but where does the grid system come into play?
I personally use media queries and would recommend it for you also, here are some tutorials that I used when I was first learning responsive web design:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BIz02qY5BRA
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fA1NW-T1QXc
Good luck!
If you are new into this the best option is to try to use one of the frameworks around to try to achieve resposiveness. I will suggest have a look to Bootstrap or Foundation
But to answer your question you usually use media tags in your CSS so you apply different styles based on the device being used to display the page. For example you can apply certain positions and sizes to your elements based on the screen width:
#media (min-width: 996px) {
#yourelement {
margin-left: 10px
}
}
One resource I use on my website is Bootstrap. Bootstrap divides the page into 12 sections. For each <div> element, you can choose something similar to .col-md-12. This will tell the element to take up the entire width of the screen.
If you would like to make a page responsive to screen size, you would type something similar to <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-6 col-md-3> This is saying that on phones, xs, there will be one column. On tablets, sm, there will be two columns. On a standard screen and up, md, you will see 4 columns. You may also use lg for large screens.
Edit: To add to your second question about media queries, Bootstrap is based off of media queries. The follow shows what each size refers to:
/* Extra small devices (phones, less than 768px) */
/* No media query since this is the default in Bootstrap */
/* Small devices (tablets, 768px and up) */
#media (min-width: #screen-sm-min) { ... }
/* Medium devices (desktops, 992px and up) */
#media (min-width: #screen-md-min) { ... }
/* Large devices (large desktops, 1200px and up) */
#media (min-width: #screen-lg-min) { ... }
For more information about this, here's a link to Bootstraps CSS section that describes it.
I need to do a respponsive website project and Im with some doubts.
Im studying media queries but there are a lot of media queries, there are something like "default media queries" or "common media queries" that we can follow?
After some research Im thinking something about this:
#media only screen and (min-width: 480px) { ... }
#media only screen and (min-width: 600px) { ... }
#media only screen and (min-width: 768px) { ... }
#media only screen and (min-width: 992px) { ... }
#media only screen and (min-width: 1382px) { ... }
Do you think that are a good approach using this media queries?
And do for responsiv design do you think its better use percentages in css or its better using pixels? Im asking this, because the media queries use pixels, so maybe its better dont use percentages?
And for last, I have a computer with full hd resolution and other with 1024 resolution. I have a image that have 300 pixels, in my full hd monitor the image is more smaller than my 1024 computer. I dont understand this, because 300pixels should be 300 pixels always no?
Sorry if I ask many things, but Im with some doubts and its not easy find good and reliable information about this!
I thnk using the media query settings you note will complicate your life because they will make it difficult to target different viewports or window widths.
#media only screen and (min-width: 480px) { ... } will target all widths 480px and above,
#media only screen and (min-width: 600px) { ... } will target all widths 600px and above.
So they will both be fighting for control whenever the viewport is 600px or higher. You could consider something like the following:
/* your default, site-wide settings followed by */
#media only screen and (max-width: 480px) { ... }
#media only screen and (min-width: 481px) and (max-width: 600px) { ... }
#media only screen and (min-width: 601px) and (max-width: 768px) { ... }
#media only screen and (min-width: 769px) and (max-width: 992px) { ... }
#media only screen and (min-width: 993px) { ... }
I'm not saying that these are perfect break points, that's often specific to your design. The important bit is the technique you use to target the different viewports.
There are different schools of thought for pixels vs percentages, and both have advantages. If you are getting up-to-speed with responsive design, personally I think it's worth spending time with some of the well established frameworks like Bootstrap or Foundation or Skeleton or one of the many others.
They are all fantastic, they will save you heaps of learning time, give you good cross-browser results, and the more you know, the easier it will be to break away from them when needed.
Good luck!
What's pixel density and how it can help me to understand why the same image can be smaller on my mobile phone than it is on my computer monitor (and vice-versa)?
Let's say that I have a monitor with a 500 x 500 pixels resolution, the screen size of this monitor is 15" diagonally and I have a mobile phone that has the same resolution but it's screen size is 4" diagonally (just an example).
How is it possible to fit the same number of pixels in different screen sizes?
The answer is simple: The pixel is smaller on my phone than it is on my monitor (that's the big difference between Apple's retina display and other displays).
Media Queries...
Take a look in a very simple blog that I've developed last year. Try resizing your browser width to see what happens to the content, images and slideshow.
When the browser/screen width is smaller than 800 pixels, the entire site changes to adapt itself better to smaller screens. This is how I think you should use media queries, instead of creating rules for each device screen size (but not necessarily using 800px nor limiting the content max-width when it's on a big screen).
Note that this is just an example on how you should think about media queries.
here is some reference for you:
about media queries you can read http://bradfrostweb.com/blog/post/7-habits-of-highly-effective-media-queries/ - i love this quote
Start with the small screen first, then expand until it looks like
shit. Time for a breakpoint! -Stephen Hay
basically you should use a fluid layout (you can choose from a variety of css fluid grids you find online) and test your design enlarging and shrinking your browser: when your design "cracks", it's time to add a mediaquery. you don't have readapt the whole website at a certain breakpoint: everything may work ok and you need only to resize the text at that certain width. do so.
about pixel density and resolutionyou can read this useful article: http://www.quirksmode.org/blog/archives/2010/04/a_pixel_is_not.html
hope this helps
You should probably stop thinking about the web in pixels and screen sizes.
I can see why it's tempting to use actual device widths as breakpoints for a design, but do keep in mind that those breakpoints will be invalid the very second a new device is released. Or when the user interacts with the site in an unexpected way, such as resizing the text size to their preference.
Use the em unit for your breakpoints. This way, your media queries will trigger correctly even when a user resizes the text size.
Adjust your breakpoints to when your content/layout needs it, not for for specific screen sizes (that said, you should probably not include compact (mobile) navigation above 980-ish pixels, since people with old monitors probably won't understand how to navigate through it).
Write mobile first CSS, as in use min-width for your media queries. This helps you keep your CSS DRY. However that does not mean that you never should use max-width for media queries - there are always scenarios when you want to add styles to smaller screens only. Always avoid repetition.
For your own sanity, use a CSS preprocessor such as SASS, LESS or Stylus. I recently wrote an answer on how to use SASS to get a really comfortable workflow with media queries, click here here to read it.
Pixel density is a complicated topic, but rendered pixels (such as an image, or anything with CSS) aren't the same as actual pixels on a screen - they're normalized to a standard. For that reason, you shouldn't use pixel density to increase the quality of images, you should just increase the width of the image since those additional pixels then will be crammed into place on higher resolution screens.
Pleas Try Following media queries:-
/* Large desktop */
#media (min-width: 1200px) { ... }
/* Portrait tablet to landscape and desktop */
#media (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 979px) { ... }
/* Landscape phone to portrait tablet */
#media (max-width: 767px) { ... }
/* Landscape phones and down */
#media (max-width: 480px) { ... }
I've built a nice template that has four different layouts using #media queries:
850+px width
<850px width
iphone landscape
iphone portrait
It works awesome, until you size your monitor window down to below 480px (iphone landscape) and then it starts picking up the smaller size #media queries.
Is there any way to avoid this?
I personally feel like it's desirable to display the "iPhone" layout at smaller browser window sizes, as your content has likely been optimized for that layout, HOWEVER, if you really want to prevent this you can play around with the device-width property in your #media declaration. Something like #media only screen and (max-device-width: 720px) { ... } will target device width rather than viewport width. Compare the behavior of this (viewport width) vs this (device width). Play around with the values (change min to max, change the pixel sizes, etc.) and observe the behavior. Also, don't forget that you can combine #media rules, e.g. #media (min-width: 400px) and (max-width: 600px) { ... }. See what works for you.
The problem with this method is that mobile devices come in all shapes and sizes, so you might be serving undesirable styles on a different mobile device (let's just say an Android phone...) that you hadn't planned on. However, depending on your needs, this might not matter to you.
Here is a list of example media queries and sizes to guide you, if you do decide to go this route: http://css-tricks.com/snippets/css/media-queries-for-standard-devices/ (sorry for the lack of a working link; apparently I'm not cool enough on StackOverflow to post multiple links yet)...