I have a plot where I have introduced vertical x axis labels via las = 2. Those labels are category words. These words are too long, they protrude out of the picture. What can I do, so that they fit into the picture?
This is the code (the x axis labes are German words):
categories <-c("Traditionsbewusst / Heimatverbunden","Bekanntheit
","Jugendlich / Modern
","Professionell
","Sozial engagiert
","Aufstrebend / Motiviert
","Umwelt / Nachhaltigkeit
","Sympathisch
","Familienfreundlich
","Mitreißend
","Posetives Image
","Teamgeist
","Inovativ
")
Ergebnis<-c(2,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,3,2,2)
plot(Ergebnis,type = "b",main = "Profil Image",xlab = "",ylab = "Bewertung",axes =FALSE)
axis(1,at=1:13,labels = categories,las=2,cex.axis=0.8)
axis(2)
You can adjust the margins using par(mar(c(bottom, left, top, right))) where bottom, left, top, and right and the corresponding margin sizes in inches. In your case, running par(mar = c(15, 3, 3, 3)) before the plot() command seems to do the trick.
Related
So I've been trying to stitch a set of four plots together and the bottom right x-axis always gets covered with axis title. Originally I thought it might have been because the bottom right plot had a slightly larger y-axis but it doesn't matter which graph I stick in the bottom right corner it always gets covered up....
Here is my code:
tiff('Predictors.tiff', units = "in", width = 12, height = 12, res = 1200)
ggarrange(PC5,PN5,HW5,CN5, ncol = 2, nrow = 2)
annotate_figure(figure,top = text_grob("Predictors of N Mineralization", size = 20),
left = text_grob("N mineralization after 6 months (mg/kg)", size = 20, rot = 90))
dev.off()
PC5,PN5 etc. are all names of plots
I'm using plot() to create a map with a legend and because of the shape of the map, it overlaps with the legend. I'm still learning R, but how can I move the map slightly to the left to reduce overlap? I'm sure there's a simple fix, but I was not able to find the right parameter.
Thanks for your help! I'm new to R (and stackoverflow) so I cannot post an image unfortunately.
EDIT: Here's the code that I'm running:
plot(spdfCounties, bg="gray90", col=findColours(ciFisher, colRamp))
title("Fisher-Jenks")
strLegend = paste(
"$", format(round(ciFisher$brks[-(intClasses + 1)]), big.mark=","), " - ",
"$", format(round(ciFisher$brks[-1]), big.mark=","), sep=""
)
legMain = legend(
"topright", legend=strLegend,
title="Median Income, 2010", bg="gray", inset=0.02, cex=0.6,
fill=colRamp
)
Use the mar (for margin) options in par. From ?par
mar A numerical vector of the form c(bottom, left, top, right) which
gives the number of lines of margin to be specified on the four sides
of the plot. The default is c(5, 4, 4, 2) + 0.1.
So, if your legend is on the right, make your right margin bigger by entering
par(mar = c(5, 4, 4, 8) + 0.1)
Some trial and error should be able to get it right.
This question about resetting par values may also be helpful. In general, you can always do dev.off() to close the device, and a new device will start with the default par settings.
EDIT: Adapting #Hugh's example
x <- runif(1000)
y <- runif(1000)
plot(x, y)
legend('topright', legend = "points") # overlaps points
par(mar = c(5, 4, 4, 8) + 0.2)
plot(x, y)
legend('right', legend = "points", inset = -.3, xpd = T)
# The correct right margin and inset value will depend
# on the size of your graphic device.
Adjusting the margins results in
Adding white space to the graph, as in #Hugh's answer, looks like this:
Edit 2
Trying to adapt new code from question. You're still using base graphics' plot function, so nothing should be special about having a map. However, we don't have your data, so we can't really test anything. (If this doesn't work---and regardless before posting another question---you should look at tips for making reproducible examples.)
dev.off() # to reset par
par(mar = c(5, 4, 4, 8))
plot(spdfCounties, bg="gray90", col=findColours(ciFisher, colRamp))
# the margins are set as soon as you call plot()
title("Fisher-Jenks")
strLegend = paste(
"$", format(round(ciFisher$brks[-(intClasses + 1)]), big.mark=","), " - ",
"$", format(round(ciFisher$brks[-1]), big.mark=","), sep=""
)
legMain = legend(
"right", # changed the legend to right
legend=strLegend,
title="Median Income, 2010",
bg="gray",
inset= -0.3, # negative inset to put it outside of the plotting region
xpd = T, # xpd set to allow plotting outside of the plot region
cex=0.6,
fill=colRamp
)
As a one off, you can change the lim arguments of plot to create more space.
x <- runif(1000)
y <- runif(1000)
plot(x,y)
legend('topright', legend = "points") # overlaps points
plot(x,y, xlim = c(0, 1.5), ylim = c(0, 1.5) # adds white space
legend('topright', legend = "points")
I have been unable to find a way to adjust the (vertical) distance between plot and main title in R using par. In this example:
plot(1, 1, main = "Title")
I can adjust the position of the axis titles using:
par(mgp = c(2.5, 1, 0))
But I see no way to similarly adjust the main title. I am aware that more manual control is possible using title or mtext, but I assume that there is a way setting the title distance using par as well, which would be more elegant for my purposes.
We can use title() function with negative line value to bring down the title.
See this example:
plot(1, 1)
title("Title", line = -2)
To summarize and explain visually how it works. Code construction is as follows:
par(mar = c(3,2,2,1))
barplot(...all parameters...)
title("Title text", adj = 0.5, line = 0)
explanation:
par(mar = c(low, left, top, right)) - margins of the graph area.
title("text" - title text
adj = from left (0) to right (1) with anything in between: 0.1, 0.2, etc...
line = positive values move title text up, negative - down)
Try this:
par(adj = 0)
plot(1, 1, main = "Title")
or equivalent:
plot(1, 1, main = "Title", adj = 0)
adj = 0 produces left-justified text, 0.5 (the default) centered text and 1 right-justified text. Any value in [0, 1] is allowed.
However, the issue is that this will also change the position of the label of the x-axis and y-axis.
I have the following basic code to plot a grid.
grid <- expand.grid( pi=seq(50, 95, 5) / 100, mu2=seq(5, .5, -.5) )
pi <- seq(44, 100, .5) / 100
par( mai=c(.05, .05, .05, .05), oma=c(2.9, 2.9, 0, 0) ) # Make room for label
plot( grid, cex=.5, xlab="", ylab="", cex.axis=.7 )
How can I plot a text label such as "(A)" in the top left corner as indicated by the red circle?
Edit: The "(A)" should be printed in regular, i.e., horizontal, reading direction; not vertically along with the y-axis.
You can use mtext to place text outside of the margins:
##Look at the help page for further details
mtext("A", 2, adj=1, line=2)
##To rotate "A", try
mtext("A", 2, adj=5, las=1, padj=-22)
to get:
You may try this:
text(x = 0.44, y = 5, labels = "(A)", xpd = NA)
See also ?par how you can adjust plot margins with mar, if you need more space for the text.
I am creating a boxplot in R with the following code:
boxplot(perc.OM.y ~ Depth, axes = F, ylim = c(-0.6, 0.2), xlim = c(3.5, 5.5),
lwd = 0.1, col = 8,
ylab = "Loss of Percent Organic Matter per Year", cex.lab = 1.5)
axis(1, at = c(3.5, 4, 5, 5.5), labels = c(" ", "Shallow", "Deep", " "),
cex.axis = 1.5)
axis(2, cex.axis = 1.5)
The problem is that the number labels on the y-axis currently overlap the axis title. Is there a way to put more space between the axis title and the axis number labels?
Thanks
## dummy data
dat <- data.frame(Depth = sample(c(3:6), 20, replace = TRUE), OM = 5 * runif(20))
Add some room for the y-axis labels and annotations, by making the margin bigger on the left hand side of the plot (side = 2):
## margin for side 2 is 7 lines in size
op <- par(mar = c(5,7,4,2) + 0.1) ## default is c(5,4,4,2) + 0.1
Now plot:
## draw the plot but without annotation
boxplot(OM ~ Depth, data = dat, axes = FALSE, ann = FALSE)
## add axes
axis(1, at = 1:4, labels = c(" ", "Shallow", "Deep", " "), cex.axis = 1.5)
axis(2, cex.axis = 2)
## now draw the y-axis annotation on a different line out from the plot
## using the extra margin space:
title(ylab = "Loss of Percent Organic Matter per Year", cex.lab = 1.5,
line = 4.5)
## draw the box to finish off
box()
Then reset the plotting margins:
par(op)
This gives:
So we've created more space for the margin of the plot on side 2, and then drawn the axes and the annotation (ylab) separately to control how the plot is spaced out.
So the key to this is this line:
op <- par(mar = c(5,7,4,2) + 0.1) ## default is c(5,4,4,2) + 0.1
What we do is save the original graphical parameters in object op, and change the margin sizes (in numbers of lines) to be 5, 7, 4, 2 + 0.1 lines each for the bottom , left, top, right margins respectively. The line above shows the defaults, so the code gives 2 more lines on the left margin than usually provided by default.
Then when we draw the y-axis label using title(), we specify which line (of the 7) to draw the label at:
title(ylab = "Loss of Percent Organic Matter per Year", cex.lab = 1.5,
line = 4.5)
Here I used line 4.5, but 5 would work also. The greater the values of 'line' the farther from the plot the label is drawn.
The trick is to find the value for the left margin and the value of 'line' in the title() call that allows the axis tick marks and the axis label to not overlap. Trial and error is likely the best solution to find the values you need with base graphics.
Try setting the first value of mgp larger. You'll want to make the margins bigger too, with mar.
par(mgp=c(5,1,0))
par(mar=c(5,6,4,2)+0.1)
I just found this solution very straightforward and useful when I wanted to shrink the white space around the diagram (consider size limits in the conference papers!) while I wanted to avoid overlapping Y-axes title and big numbers as the ticks.
I use to set the titles as text and put them wherever I want, after setting the margins manually:
First, set the margins to the arbitrary values:
par( mar=c(m1, m2, m3, m4) )
where m1 to m4 are margins for four sides (1=bottom, 2=left, 3=top and 4=right).
For example:
par( mar=c(3.1, 4.7, 2.3, 0))
Then, when plotting, set main="", xlab="" and ylab="" (otherwise their text will overlap with this new text)
Finally, using mtext(), set the axis titles and diagram title manually:
mtext(side=1, text="X axes title", line=0.5)
mtext(side=2, text="Y axes title", line=3)
mtext(side=3, text="Diagram title", line=1.5)
The line parameter is the distance from the diagram (the smaller values puts it closer to the diagram).