I'm building an image warping tool. Photoshop's free transform tool not only supports mapping an rectangular image to a quadrilateral, but also supports cross-quadrilaterals. I'm looking for a formula or piece of code which allows mapping between square and cross-quadrilateral. For normal quadrilateral mappings there is a publication by Heckbert (http://graphics.cs.cmu.edu/courses/15-463/2006_fall/www/Papers/proj.pdf) which fits my needs. Any pointers are appreciated!
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I'm looking to auto-generate a UML class model in virtual reality using A-Frame.io (or another technology) by passing in values. Has anyone ever done something similar in the past? Not sure where to start.
Thanks
You might want to look into plantuml which is a nice UML generator. Most of it's diagrams are generated as input to graphviz's dot. Dot is a layout engine - it takes a list of nodes and connections and puts them into 2D space and then renders them to one of it's output formats - or just returns the graph, but this time with coordinates on where to draw what. You could meddle with this data and render the elements with volume but on a 2D plane with dot generated coordinates. Perhaps even you could modify it to place them in 3D space instead of a plane.
Or you could just render the plantuml output on a 2D plane, place it in 3D space and it would probably be good enough. There are even online generators for plantuml.
I know that if I rotate an object, which extends javafx.scene.shape.Shape, I can transform it into 3D space, even though it was primarily designed to be in 2D (at least as far as I know).
Let's say I have a 3D scene (perspective camera and depth buffer are used), where various MeshViews occur. Some are used for areas, others for lines. In both cases those shapes must be triangulated in order to draw them with a TriangleMesh, which is often nontrivial.
Now when I change the drawing of these lines to use the Polyline class, the performance collapse is horrible and there a strange artefacts. I thought I could benefit from the fact, that a polyline has less vertices and the developer doesn't have to triangulate programmatically.
Is it discouraged to use shapes extending javafx.scene.shape.Shape within 3D space? How're they drawn internally?
If the question is "should I use 2D Shape objects in 3D space?" in JavaFX then the answer is No because you will get all terrible performance that you are seeing. However it sounds like you are trying to make up for JavaFX's lack of a 3D PolyLine object using 2D objects and rotating them in 3D space. If that is true, instead use the free open-source F(X)yz library:
http://birdasaur.github.io/FXyz/
For example the PolyLine3D class which allows you to simply specify a list of Point3Ds and it will connect them for you:
/src/org/fxyz/shapes/composites/PolyLine3D.java
and you can see example code on how to use it in the test directory:
/src/org/fxyz/tests/PolyLine3DTest.java
I have some points on the edge(left image), and I want to construct a mesh(right), Is there any good algorithm to achieve it? many thanks!
image can see here http://ww3.sinaimg.cn/large/6a2c8e2bjw1dk8jr3t7eaj.jpg
To begin with, see Delauney triangulation. Look at this project: http://people.sc.fsu.edu/~jburkardt/c_src/triangulate/triangulate.html.
Edited because my original had too few details on edge-flipping, and when I tried to provided those details I found the TRIANGULATE project.
If the region is flat or quasi-flat look for Ear Clipping approach (http://www.geometrictools.com/Documentation/TriangulationByEarClipping.pdf). In the case of curved surface you need point inside the region and therefore you may need Constrained Delaunay Triangulation (otherwise some edges may not be included in the triangulation).
There is delaunayn function in geometry package for R language (see doc)
It takes an array of boundary points (as in your case) to create a Delaunay mesh on it.
You could also save your geometry into some well-known format, and use one of mesh generators.
I am IT student and I have to make a project in VB6, I was thinking to make a 3D Software Renderer but I don't really know where to start, I found a few tutorials but I want something that goes in depth with the maths and algorithms, I will like something that shows how to make 3D transformations, Camera, lights, shading ...
It does not matter the programing language used, I just need some resources that shows me exactly how to make this.
So I just want to know where to find some resources, or you can show me some source code and tell me where to start from.
Or if any of you have a better idea for a VB6 project.
Thanks.
I disagree with the previous posts, a 3D renderer is actually pretty simple. A high-quality 3D renderer is hard however.
Get a bunch of 3D data, triangles are simplest.
Learn about homogenous coordinates and the great 4x4 matrix for transforms.
Define a camera by a position and a rotation (expressed in the 4x4 matrix).
Transform your 3D geometry by this camera.
Perform the perspective divide and scale to your window. This converts your 3D data to 2D.
Render the data as 2D.
Now you're going to lose out on a depth buffer, so stick to wireframes in the beginning. :-)
Don't listen to these nay-sayers, go out and have some fun!
Many years ago I made a shaded triangle renderer that used library calls to draw the triangles. It's a rather naive approach but you would be able to achieve the same result using VB6. I got all the maths & techniques from "Computer Graphics principles and practice" by Foley et al. Some parts are out of date now but I think you'd find it very helpful for this project and it can be bought 2nd hand at reasonable prices from Amazon for example.
One simple approach could be:
Read model file as triangles
Transform each triangle using matrices to account for camera position
Project triangle points onto 2D
Draw 2D triangle (probably using GDI)
This covers wireframe viewing. To extend this to hidden surface removal you need to work out which triangles are in front. Two possible ways:
Z-order sorting the triangles and drawing the ones furthest from the camera first. This is simple but inefficient if there are a lot of triangles and can give overlapping triangle effects when the order is not quite correct. You also have to decide how to sort the triangles - e..g by centroid, by extents...
Using a software depth buffer. This will give better results but is more work to implement. You will have to write your own triangle drawing code so cannot rely on GDI. See bresenham's line algorithm and related algorithms for doing filled triangles for how to do this.
After this you'd also need some kind of shading based on lighting. The calculations are covered in Computer Graphics principles and practice. For simple shading you can stick with drawing triangles using gdi , but if you want to do gouraud or phong shading the colour values vary across a triangle. One way around this is to sub-divide the triangle into smaller triangles, but this is inefficient and won't give very nice looking results. Better would be to draw the triangles yourself as required above for the software depth buffer.
A good extension would be to support primitives other than triangles. Basic approach would be to split primitives into triangles as you read them.
Good luck - could be an interesting project.
VB6 is not the best suited language to do maths and 3D graphics, and given that you have no previous knowledge about the subject either, I would recommend you to choose something different (and easier).
As it's Visual Basic, you could try something more form-oriented, that is the original intent of the language.
There is the 3D engine list which lists three engine in pure basic (an oxymoron) + Source code and of them one is in Visual Basic (Dex3D)
DeX3D is an open source 3D engine
coded entirely in Visual Basic from
Jerry Chen ( -onlyuser#hotmail.com ).
Gouraud shading
Transparency
Fogging
Omni and spot lights
Hierarchical meshes
Support for 3D Studio files
Particle systems
Bezier curve segments
2.5 D text
Visual Basic source
More information, screenshots and the
source can be found on the Dex3D
Homepage. (<= Dead Link)
EGL25 by Erkan Sanli is a fast open source VB 6 renderer that can render, rotate, animate, etc. complex solid shapes made of thousands of polygons. Just Windows API calls – no DirectX, no OpenGL.
VBMigration.com chose EGL25 as a high-quality open-source VB6 project to demonstrate their VB6 to VB.Net upgrade tool.
A 3D software renderer as a whole project is fairly complex if you've never done it before. I would suggest something smaller - like just doing the 3D portion and using lines to do the rendering OR just write a shaded triangle renderer (which is the underpinnings of 3D renderers anyway).
Something a little simpler rather than trying to write a full-blown 3D software renderer on the first go - especially in VB.
A software renderer is a very difficult project and the language VB6 is not indicated at all ( for a task like this c++ is the way.. ), anyway I can suggest you some great books I used:
Shaders: http://wiki.gamedev.net/index.php/D3DBook:Introduction_%28Volume%29
Math: 3D Math Primer for Graphics and Game Development
There are other 2 books. Even if they are for VB.NET you can find some useful code:
.NET Game Programming with DirectX 9.0
Beginning .NET Game Programming in VB .NET
I think you can take two ways either go the Direct X way and use DirectX 8 that has VB 5-6 support. I found a page http://www.gamedev.net/reference/articles/article1308.asp
You can always write a engine group up but by doing so you will need some basic linear algebra like Frank Krueger suggests.
What is the simplest way to un-warp a photo made using fisheye or wide-angle lens? I'm looking a pixel projection formula that has few parameters. Camera and lens parameters will not be known, so user has to change the parameters visually. Thanks
There is a good paper here that provides some decent looking mathematical models for lens distortion. It's at least. SDX2000 was kind of on the right track with the grid I think. I think the most common way to approach the problem is to map the image to a grid and then allow warping parameters to be applied to produce pincushion and barrel distortion. See the lens distortion filters in Lightroom or Photoshop as an example.
There is an excellent discussion from ImageMagick. They give the equation that they use.
Note that this does not correct distortion in the same way as Photoshop CS6 (i.e. you cannot take coefficients from the Adobe lens profiles and simply chuck them in).
The paper that Kamil points to seems like an excellent in-depth look.
I would assume you could use the lens equation to do it.
1/f = 1/object_distance + 1/image_distance
Where f is the focal length (the user input). The ratio of image distance and object distance could be used to resize the image appropriately, using the magnification equation. To get what you really want, then, you need to restructure the equation:
1/object_distance = 1/f - 1/image_distance
And then use the magnification equation to use the object height to resize:
-image_distance/object_distance = image_height/object_height
The catch, as you may have noticed, is that you need to know the distance each pixel is away from the camera. Otherwise, it simply doesn't work. You could ask the user for that information, but that seems unlikely, and painful. I don't know of any other way to do it-- lens distortion is a 3D effect, and you're given 2D information. At best you can attempt to correct it two-dimensionally, but this will be difficult, and won't work properly.
If its possible you should ask the user to take a photograph of a reference image (a chess board for example) using the same camera and then use this information to analyze the lens characteristics. This information can then be used to un-warp the other photographs taken by the same camera.
For implementation you could use neural networks/genetic algorithms.