Trying to display QImage in Qt5 with OpenGL as textures - qt

I am new to OpenGl and trying to display QImage as textures.'
This is my code for object. But its just showing an small window with no image.
void Window::initializeGL()
{
initializeOpenGLFunctions();
QImage img("2.png");
m_imgSize = img.size();
img = img.convertToFormat(QImage::Format_RGB32);
glGenTextures(1, &m_texture);
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, m_texture);
glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGBA8, m_imgSize.width(), m_imgSize.height(), 0, GL_BGRA, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, 0);
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
}
void Window::paintGL()
{
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, m_texture);
glTexSubImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, 0, 0, m_imgSize.width(), m_imgSize.height(), GL_BGRA, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, 0);
update();
}
and displaying it as
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
QApplication app(argc, argv);
QSurfaceFormat format;
format.setDepthBufferSize(24);
format.setStencilBufferSize(8);
format.setVersion(3, 2);
format.setProfile(QSurfaceFormat::CoreProfile);
QSurfaceFormat::setDefaultFormat(format);
Window objectWindow;
objectWindow.show();
return app.exec();
}

Related

Qt signal slot cv::Mat unable to read memory access violation

I have a Microsoft visual studio application that is grabbing frames from cameras and I am trying to display those frames in a Qt application. I am doing some processing with the frames using OpenCV, so the frames are Mat objects. I use QThreads to parallelize the application. I am getting a Access Violation reading location when I try to emit a Mat signal from my CameraThread class.
main.cpp
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
QApplication app(argc, argv);
MainWindow window;
window.show();
return app.exec();
}
mainwindow.cpp
#include "main_window.h"
MainWindow::MainWindow()
{
// create a horizontal widget
main_layout = new QVBoxLayout;
QHBoxLayout* row1 = new QHBoxLayout;
QHBoxLayout* row2 = new QHBoxLayout;
for (int i = 0; i < 1; i++) {
camera_array[i] = new CameraWidget(i);
if (i < 4)
row1->addWidget(camera_array[i]);
else
row2->addWidget(camera_array[i]);
}
main_layout->addLayout(row1);
main_layout->addLayout(row2);
// make the central widget the main layout window
central = new QWidget();
central->setLayout(main_layout);
setCentralWidget(central);
}
camerawidget.cpp
#include "stdafx.h"
#include "camera_widget.h"
CameraWidget::CameraWidget(int id)
{
camera_id = id;
qRegisterMetaType<cv::Mat>("cv::Mat");
current_frame = cv::imread("camera_1.png");
thread = new CameraThread(camera_id);
QObject::connect(thread, SIGNAL(renderFrame(cv::Mat)), this, SLOT(updateFrame(cv::Mat)));
thread->start();
}
CameraWidget::~CameraWidget()
{
qDebug("camera widget destructor");
thread->wait(5000);
}
// initializeGL() function is called just once, before paintGL() is called.
void CameraWidget::initializeGL()
{
qglClearColor(Qt::black);
glDisable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);
glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);
glLoadIdentity();
glOrtho(0, 480.0f, 640.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f);
glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
glLoadIdentity();
glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_2D);
glGenTextures(3, &texture);
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture);
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_NEAREST);
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_NEAREST);
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture);
glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGB, 0, 480.0f, 640.0f, GL_BGR, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, NULL);
glDisable(GL_TEXTURE_2D);
}
void CameraWidget::paintGL()
{
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
glDisable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);
glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);
glLoadIdentity();
glOrtho(0, 480.0f, 640.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f);
glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
glLoadIdentity();
glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_2D);
current_frame_i = QImage(current_frame.data, current_frame.cols, current_frame.rows, current_frame.cols * 3, QImage::Format_RGB888);
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture);
// ******************************
// getting access violation here
// ******************************
glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGB, 480.0f, 640.0f, 0.0f, GL_BGR, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, current_frame.ptr());
glBegin(GL_QUADS);
glTexCoord2i(0, 1); glVertex2i(0, 640.0f);
glTexCoord2i(0, 0); glVertex2i(0, 0);
glTexCoord2i(1, 0); glVertex2i(480.0f, 0);
glTexCoord2i(1, 1); glVertex2i(480.0f, 640.0f);
glEnd();
glFlush();
}
void CameraWidget::resizeGL(int w, int h)
{
// setup viewport, projection etc.
glViewport(0, 0, w, h);
glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);
glLoadIdentity();
glOrtho(0, 480.0f, 640.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f);
glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
glLoadIdentity();
}
void CameraWidget::updateFrame(cv::Mat image)
{
current_frame = image;
update();
}
camerathread.cpp
CameraThread::CameraThread(int id)
{
camera_q = new bounded_frame_queue(50);
}
void CameraThread::run()
{
cv::Mat image;
while (true) {
if (!camera_q->empty()) {
image = camera_q->pop();
if (!image.empty())
emit renderFrame(image);
}
else {
msleep(1);
}
}
}
When I emit renderFrame from the camerathread.cpp, I get an access violation reading location. I cannot read the current_frame.ptr() value in camerawidget.cpp.
Can someone direct me on how I can fix this issue?
What I see is happenning:
You get an image from queue. As per OpenCV docs:
Mat& cv::Mat::operator= ( const Mat & m )
Assigned, right-hand-side matrix. Matrix assignment is an O(1)
operation. This means that no data is copied but the data is shared
and the reference counter, if any, is incremented. Before assigning
new data, the old data is de-referenced via Mat::release .
Then you pass it as cv::Mat image (by value) when emitting signal. The copy constructor again doesn't copy any data:
Array that (as a whole or partly) is assigned to the constructed
matrix. No data is copied by these constructors. Instead, the header
pointing to m data or its sub-array is constructed and associated with
it. The reference counter, if any, is incremented. So, when you modify
the matrix formed using such a constructor, you also modify the
corresponding elements of m . If you want to have an independent copy
of the sub-array, use Mat::clone() .
Your data pointers are queued on UI thread
You get/try-get new frame triggering release from p.1
Your queued slot is executed and crashes...
Suggestion: I haven't worked much with it, but it seems something like cv::Mat::clone to make a deep copy is what you need, to prevent release of memory before it would be used by UI thread.
Or possibly it would be enough to define image right when you pop it from queue:
cv::Mat image = camera_q->pop();

OpenGL texture not rendering if it's currently active

I was using QOpenGLWidget to render textured triangle, the code was looking good but the triangle was always rendering black i had problem with it for two days until i accidentally found out what the title says.
This is the code, the texture gets loaded to default location of GL_TEXTURE0 and the code will not work unless i call glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE1) at the end, GL_TEXTURE1 is just an example it can be any other texture slot except the one where texture actually is. Without the call the object will be black.
QImage ready;
QImage image("C:/Users/Gamer/Desktop/New folder/ring.jpg");
ready = image.convertToFormat(QImage::Format_RGBA8888);
glGenTextures(1, &texture);
glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0);
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture);
glUniform1i(glGetUniformLocation(program.programId(), "samp"), 0);
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR_MIPMAP_LINEAR);
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGB, ready.width(), ready.height(), 0, GL_RGBA, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, ready.constBits());
glGenerateMipmap(GL_TEXTURE_2D);
glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE1)
I've tried some tests, creating multiple textures and displaying them all at once, the last active texture was always black unless i activate some other unoccupied slot.
I don't know what to make of this, i'm begginer in OpenGL and Qt but this doesn't sound right.
EDIT:
Main function
#include "mainwindow.h"
#include <QApplication>
#include <QSurfaceFormat>
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
QApplication a(argc, argv);
QSurfaceFormat format;
format.setVersion(3, 3);
format.setProfile(QSurfaceFormat::CoreProfile);
format.setDepthBufferSize(24);
format.setStencilBufferSize(8);
format.setSamples(4);
format.setSwapInterval(0);
QSurfaceFormat::setDefaultFormat(format);
MainWindow w;
w.show();
return a.exec();
}
Widget code
#include "openglwidget.h"
#include <QOpenGLShaderProgram>
#include <QImage>
#include <QDebug>
OpenGLWidget::OpenGLWidget(QWidget *parent) :
QOpenGLWidget(parent)
{
}
OpenGLWidget::~OpenGLWidget()
{
glDeleteBuffers(1, &vbo);
glDeleteVertexArrays(1, &vao);
glDeleteTextures(1, &texture);
}
void OpenGLWidget::initializeGL()
{
QOpenGLFunctions_3_3_Core::initializeOpenGLFunctions();
GLfloat vertices[] = {
0.0f, 0.75f, 0.0f,
-0.75f, -0.75f, 0.0f,
0.75f, -0.75f, 0.0f,
0.5f, 0.0f,
0.0f, 1.0f,
1.0f, 1.0f
};
glGenVertexArrays(1, &vao);
glBindVertexArray(vao);
program.addShaderFromSourceFile(QOpenGLShader::Vertex, "C:/Users/Gamer/Desktop/New folder/vertex.vert");
program.addShaderFromSourceFile(QOpenGLShader::Fragment, "C:/Users/Gamer/Desktop/New folder/fragment.frag");
program.link();
program.bind();
glGenBuffers(1, &vbo);
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vbo);
glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(vertices), vertices, GL_STATIC_DRAW);
glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0, (void*)0);
glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);
glVertexAttribPointer(1, 2, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0, (void*)36);
glEnableVertexAttribArray(1);
QImage ready;
QImage image("C:/Users/Gamer/Desktop/New folder/ring.jpg");
ready = image.convertToFormat(QImage::Format_RGBA8888);
glGenTextures(1, &texture);
glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0);
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture);
glUniform1i(glGetUniformLocation(program.programId(), "samp"), 0);
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR_MIPMAP_LINEAR);
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGB, ready.width(), ready.height(), 0, GL_RGBA, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, ready.constBits());
glGenerateMipmap(GL_TEXTURE_2D);
// glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE1);
}
void OpenGLWidget::paintGL()
{
GLfloat yellow[] = {1.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0};
glClearBufferfv(GL_COLOR, 0, yellow);
glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 3);
}
void OpenGLWidget::resizeGL(int w, int h)
{
glViewport(0, 0, w, h);
}
And shaders
#version 330 core
layout(location = 0) in vec3 pos;
layout(location = 1) in vec2 coord;
out vec2 tc;
void main(void)
{
tc = coord;
gl_Position = vec4(pos, 1.0);
}
#version 330 core
uniform sampler2D samp;
in vec2 tc;
out vec4 color;
void main(void)
{
color = texture(samp, tc);
}
QOpenGLWidget is a rather complex abstraction which has some side effects which you might not expect. Quoting from the Qt5 docs:
All rendering happens into an OpenGL framebuffer object. makeCurrent() ensure that it is bound in the context. Keep this in mind when creating and binding additional framebuffer objects in the rendering code in paintGL(). Never re-bind the framebuffer with ID 0. Instead, call defaultFramebufferObject() to get the ID that should be bound.
Now, this in itself isn't an issue. However, looking at the description for the initializeGL() method (my emphasis):
There is no need to call makeCurrent() because this has already been done when this function is called. Note however that the framebuffer is not yet available at this stage, so avoid issuing draw calls from here. Defer such calls to paintGL() instead.
Now, this in itself still is not the issue. But: it means that Qt will create the FBO in-between initializeGL and the first paintGL. Since Qt creates a texture as the color buffer for the FBO, this means it will re-use the currently active texture unit, and change the texture binding you did establish in initializeGL.
If you, on the other hand set glActiveTexture to something other than unit 0, Qt will screw up the binding of that unit, but since you only use unit 0, it will not have any negative effects in your example.
You need to bind the texture to the texture unit before drawing. Texture unit state is not part of program state, unlike uniforms. It is unusual to try and set texture unit state during program startup, that would require allocating different texture units to each program (not out of the question, it's just not the way things are normally done).
Add the following line to paintGL, before the draw call:
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture);

Can QGLFramebufferObject be larger than the viewport?

Can QGLFramebufferObject be larger than the viewport? For example, if I have a viewport of 300x300 pixels, can the fbo be 600x300? ...so one half of the fbo is shown...then applying a translation, the other half is shown. The first time make_text(); is called scaling is correct, second time the x dimension gets stretched.
main.h
#include <QGLWidget>
#include <QGLFunctions>
#include <QGLFramebufferObject>
#include <QFont>
#include <QGLShader>
class glview : public QGLWidget, protected QGLFunctions
{
Q_OBJECT
public:
explicit glview(QWidget *parent = 0);
~glview();
QSize sizeHint() const;
protected:
void initializeGL();
void resizeGL(int w, int h);
void paintGL();
private:
void make_text(void);
QGLFramebufferObject *fbo;
QFont font;
quint32 vbo_id[1], texture_id;
QGLShaderProgram *txtovlp;
QTimer *delay;
private slots:
void refresh(void);
};
main.cpp
#include <QApplication>
#include <QPainter>
#include <QTimer>
#include "main.h"
struct txtr_vrtx {
GLfloat x;
GLfloat y;
GLfloat z;
GLfloat tx;
GLfloat ty;
}__attribute__((packed)) txtr_geo[] = {
// x, y, z, tx,ty
{0, 0, 0, 0, 0},
{0, 3, 0, 0, 1},
{6, 3, 0, 1, 1},
{6, 0, 0, 1, 0},
};
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
QApplication app(argc, argv);
glview widget;
widget.show();
return app.exec();
}
glview::glview(QWidget *parent) : QGLWidget(parent)
{
fbo = NULL;
font.setFamily("Helvetica");
delay = new QTimer;
delay->start(2000);
connect(delay, SIGNAL(timeout()), this, SLOT(refresh()));
}
glview::~glview()
{
delete fbo;
}
void glview::refresh(void)
{
delay->stop();
qDebug() << "refresh fired";
make_text();
updateGL();
}
void glview::make_text(void)
{
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0); // must unbind for QPainter
glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_2D);
if (fbo)
delete fbo;
makeCurrent();
fbo = new QGLFramebufferObject(600, 300, GL_TEXTURE_2D);
fbo->bind();
texture_id = fbo->texture();
QPainter painter(fbo);
font.setPointSize(20);
painter.setFont(font);
painter.eraseRect(0,0,600,300);
painter.setPen(Qt::blue);
painter.drawText(100, 140, "FBO");
painter.setPen(Qt::red);
painter.drawText(400, 140, "FBO");
painter.end();
fbo->release();
}
QSize glview::sizeHint() const
{
return QSize(300, 300);
}
void glview::initializeGL()
{
initializeGLFunctions();
qglClearColor(Qt::white);
QGLShader *txtovlp_vshader = new QGLShader(QGLShader::Vertex, this);
const char *txtovlp_vsrc =
"attribute highp vec4 vertex;\n"
"attribute mediump vec2 texCoord;\n"
"varying mediump vec2 texc;\n"
"uniform mediump mat4 matrix;\n"
"void main(void)\n"
"{\n"
" gl_Position = matrix * vertex;\n"
" texc = texCoord;\n"
"}\n";
txtovlp_vshader->compileSourceCode(txtovlp_vsrc);
QGLShader *txtovlp_fshader = new QGLShader(QGLShader::Fragment, this);
const char *txtovlp_fsrc =
"uniform sampler2D texture;\n"
"varying mediump vec2 texc;\n"
"void main(void)\n"
"{\n"
" gl_FragColor = texture2D(texture, texc.st);\n"
"}\n";
txtovlp_fshader->compileSourceCode(txtovlp_fsrc);
txtovlp = new QGLShaderProgram(this);
txtovlp->addShader(txtovlp_vshader);
txtovlp->addShader(txtovlp_fshader);
txtovlp->link();
glGenBuffers(1, vbo_id);
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vbo_id[0]);
glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(txtr_geo), txtr_geo, GL_STATIC_DRAW);
make_text();
glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);
}
void glview::resizeGL(int w, int h)
{
glViewport(0, 0, w, h);
}
void glview::paintGL()
{
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
QMatrix4x4 matrix;
matrix.ortho(0, 3, 0, 3, -1, 1);
//matrix.translate(-3,0,0);
txtovlp->bind();
txtovlp->setUniformValue("matrix", matrix);
glBlendFunc(GL_SRC_ALPHA, GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA);
glEnable(GL_BLEND);
glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_2D);
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vbo_id[0]);
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture_id);
int txtr_vertexLocation = txtovlp->attributeLocation("vertex");
txtovlp->enableAttributeArray(txtr_vertexLocation);
glVertexAttribPointer(txtr_vertexLocation, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, sizeof(struct txtr_vrtx), 0);
int texCoordLocation = txtovlp->attributeLocation("texCoord");
txtovlp->enableAttributeArray(texCoordLocation);
glVertexAttribPointer(texCoordLocation, 2, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, sizeof(struct txtr_vrtx), ((char*)NULL + 12));
glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLE_FAN, 0, 4);
glDisable(GL_TEXTURE_2D);
glDisable(GL_BLEND);
glFlush();
}
QPainter trashes the GL context and I've learned that also includes the viewport. By adding glViewport(0, 0, width(), height()); at the end of make_text() (after QPainter is finished) restores the viewport for the next paint event.

OpenGL Does Not Render Triangle

I am following this tutorial with a few modifications and have got this code:
#define GLSL(src) "#version 330 core\n" #src
void MainWindow::initializeGL() {
glClearColor(0, 0, 0, 1);
// Generate buffers
GLfloat verticies[] = {
+0.0f, +1.0f, +0.0f,
-1.0f, -1.0f, +0.0f,
+1.0f, -1.0f, +0.0f,
};
GLuint vertexBufferID;
glGenBuffers(1, &vertexBufferID);
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vertexBufferID);
glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(verticies), verticies, GL_STATIC_DRAW);
glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);
glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0, (void *)0);
// Generate shaders
const char *vertexShaderSrc = GLSL(
layout(location = 0) in vec3 pos;
void main() {
gl_Position.xyz = pos;
gl_Position.w = 1.0;
}
);
GLuint vertexShaderID = createGLShader(GL_VERTEX_SHADER, vertexShaderSrc);
const GLchar *fragmentShaderSrc = GLSL(
out vec4 color;
void main() {
color = vec4(0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0);
}
);
GLuint fragmentShaderID = createGLShader(GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER, fragmentShaderSrc);
GLuint programID = glCreateProgram();
glAttachShader(programID, vertexShaderID);
glAttachShader(programID, fragmentShaderID);
glLinkProgram(programID);
glUseProgram(programID);
}
void MainWindow::paintGL() {
//glViewport(0, 0, width(), height());
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);
glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 3);
//glDrawElements(GL_TRIANGLES, 6, GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT, 0);
}
GLuint MainWindow::createGLShader(GLenum type, const GLchar* src) {
GLuint shaderID = glCreateShader(type);
glShaderSource(shaderID, 1, &src, 0);
glCompileShader(shaderID);
GLint vertexCompileStatus;
glGetShaderiv(shaderID, GL_COMPILE_STATUS, &vertexCompileStatus);
if (vertexCompileStatus != GL_TRUE) {
GLint infoLogLength;
glGetShaderiv(shaderID, GL_INFO_LOG_LENGTH, &infoLogLength);
GLchar buffer[infoLogLength];
glGetShaderInfoLog(shaderID, infoLogLength, 0, buffer);
qDebug(buffer);
}
return shaderID;
}
This is all contained in a QGLWidget. However when I run this code I just get a black screen. What is going wrong? I don't get an error message so the shaders are compiling.
I set up the QGLWidget:
#include "mainwindow.h"
#include <QApplication>
#include <QGLFormat>
int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
QApplication a(argc, argv);
QGLFormat glFormat;
glFormat.setVersion(3, 3);
glFormat.setProfile(QGLFormat::CoreProfile);
MainWindow w(glFormat);
w.show();
return a.exec();
}
Staying with "pure" OpenGL code, you need (at least) a Vertex Array Object. That object needs to be bound when you configure the vertex arrays, and everytime you draw from the aforementioned arrays.
So, before the calls to gl*VertexAttribArray, create and bind the VAO. Add a
GLuint m_vao;
member to your class. Then in initializeGL:
glGenVertexArrays(1, &m_vao);
glBindVertexArray(m_vao);
// now configure the arrays:
glEnableVertexAttribArray...
glVertexAttribArray...
// now release the VAO and move on
glBindVertexArray(0);
Then in paintGL we need the VAO again:
glBindVertexArray(m_vao);
glDrawArrays(...);
glBindVertexArray(0);
And now your code with Qt 5 OpenGL enablers (didn't try to compile it, but you can get the idea). You tell me which one is more readable and less error prone.
#define GLSL(src) "#version 330 core\n" #src
void MainWindow::initializeGL() {
glClearColor(0, 0, 0, 1);
// Generate buffers
GLfloat verticies[] = {
+0.0f, +1.0f, +0.0f,
-1.0f, -1.0f, +0.0f,
+1.0f, -1.0f, +0.0f,
};
m_vertexBuffer = new QOpenGLBuffer(QOpenGLBuffer::VertexBuffer);
m_vertexBuffer->create();
m_vertexBuffer->setusagePatter(QOpenGLBuffer::StaticDraw);
m_vertexBuffer->bind();
m_vertexBuffer->allocate(verticies, sizeof(verticies);
m_vertexBuffer->release();
// Generate shaders
const char *vertexShaderSrc = GLSL(
layout(location = 0) in vec3 pos;
void main() {
gl_Position.xyz = pos;
gl_Position.w = 1.0;
}
);
const GLchar *fragmentShaderSrc = GLSL(
out vec4 color;
void main() {
color = vec4(0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0);
}
);
m_program = new QOpenGLShaderProgram;
m_program->addShaderFromSourceCode(QOpenGLShader::Vertex, vertexShaderSrc);
m_program->addShaderFromSourceCode(QOpenGLShader::Fragment, fragmentShaderSrc);
m_program->link();
// error checking missing from the last three calls. if they return false, check log()
m_vao = new QOpenGLVertexArrayObject;
m_vao->bind();
m_program->bind();
m_vertexBuffer->bind();
m_program->enableAttributeArray("pos");
m_program->setAttributeBuffer("pos", GL_FLOAT, 0, 3);
m_vertexBuffer->release();
m_program->release();
m_vao->release();
}
void MainWindow::paintGL() {
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);
m_vao->bind();
m_program->bind();
glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 3);
m_program->release();
m_vao->release();
}

How to keep buttons close to each other (horizontally) in Qt widget?

QGridLayout *layout = new QGridLayout ();
centralWidget->setLayout (layout);
layout->addWidget (refresh, 0, 0);
layout->addWidget (zoomIn, 1, 0);
layout->addWidget (zoomOut, 1, 1);
layout->addWidget (panLeft, 2, 0);
layout->addWidget (panRight, 2, 1);
layout->addWidget (panTop, 3, 0);
layout->addWidget (panBottom, 3, 1);
layout->addWidget (findInfo, 4, 0);
layout->addWidget (textEdit, 5, 0);
window->setCentralWidget (centralWidget);
I think we need some more context. I took your code and wrapped it into the following complete sample application:
#include <QGridLayout>
#include <QPushButton>
#include <QTextEdit>
#include <QApplication>
#include <QMainWindow>
int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
QApplication app( argc, argv );
QMainWindow win;
QWidget* centralWidget = new QWidget(&win);
QPushButton* refresh = new QPushButton("Start R");
QPushButton* zoomIn = new QPushButton("Zoom in");
QPushButton* zoomOut = new QPushButton("Zoom out");
QPushButton* panLeft = new QPushButton("Left");
QPushButton* panRight = new QPushButton("Right");
QPushButton* panTop = new QPushButton("Top");
QPushButton* panBottom = new QPushButton("Bottom");
QPushButton* findInfo = new QPushButton("Find Info");
QTextEdit* textEdit = new QTextEdit("Vehicle Info. Will be shown here.");
///////////////////////////// Your Code
QGridLayout *layout = new QGridLayout ();
centralWidget->setLayout (layout);
layout->addWidget (refresh, 0, 0);
layout->addWidget (zoomIn, 1, 0);
layout->addWidget (zoomOut, 1, 1);
layout->addWidget (panLeft, 2, 0);
layout->addWidget (panRight, 2, 1);
layout->addWidget (panTop, 3, 0);
layout->addWidget (panBottom, 3, 1);
layout->addWidget (findInfo, 4, 0);
layout->addWidget (textEdit, 5, 0);
window->setCentralWidget (centralWidget);
///////////////////////////// End your code
win.show();
app.connect( &app, SIGNAL( lastWindowClosed() ), &app, SLOT( quit() ) );
return app.exec();
}
This results in the following layout:
It looks like you have added some size constraints on the buttons, since they all have the same size in your screenshot (besides the Start button).

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