Create new geometry on grouped column in R sf - r

Question

I'd like to create a new shapefile or a new geometry variable that allows me to plot borders around regions in R. I'm using the sf and mapping with tmap. Basically, I'm adding a character vector to an sf object and would like to make the character vector the new/preferred mapping border.
Here is an example of my approach, which doesn't do what I'd like. I can't tell that it does anything.
library(tidyverse)
library(sf)
library(tmap)
## use North Carolina example
nc = st_read(system.file("shape/nc.shp", package="sf"))
nc_new.region <- nc %>% ## add new region variable
mutate(new.region = sample(c('A', 'B', 'C'), nrow(.),replace = T))
nc_union <- nc_new.region %>%
group_by(new.region) %>% # group by the new character vector
mutate(new_geometry = st_union(geometry)) # union on the geometry variable
# map with tmap package
tm_shape(nc_union)+
tm_borders()

Answer 1

This happens because mutate(new_geometry = st_union(geometry)) creates a "new" column within the original sf object, but plotting still uses the "original" geometry column. Indeed, if you have a look at your nc_union object, you'll see that it still contains 100 features (therefore, no "dissolving" was really done).
To do what you wish, you should instead create a "new" sf object using summarize over the groups:
library(tidyverse)
library(sf)
library(tmap)
## use North Carolina example
nc = st_read(system.file("shape/nc.shp", package="sf"))
#> Reading layer `nc' from data source `D:\Documents\R\win-library\3.5\sf\shape\nc.shp' using driver `ESRI Shapefile'
#> Simple feature collection with 100 features and 14 fields
#> geometry type: MULTIPOLYGON
#> dimension: XY
#> bbox: xmin: -84.32385 ymin: 33.88199 xmax: -75.45698 ymax: 36.58965
#> epsg (SRID): 4267
#> proj4string: +proj=longlat +datum=NAD27 +no_defs
nc_new.region <- nc %>% ## add new region variable
mutate(new.region = sample(c('A', 'B', 'C'), nrow(.),replace = T))
nc_union <- nc_new.region %>%
group_by(new.region) %>%
summarize()
> nc_union
Simple feature collection with 3 features and 1 field
geometry type: MULTIPOLYGON
dimension: XY
bbox: xmin: -84.32385 ymin: 33.88199 xmax: -75.45698 ymax: 36.58965
epsg (SRID): 4267
proj4string: +proj=longlat +datum=NAD27 +no_defs
# A tibble: 3 x 2
new.region geometry
<chr> <MULTIPOLYGON [°]>
1 A (((-78.65572 33.94867, -79.0745 34.30457, -79.04095 34.3193, -79.02947 34.34737, -7~
2 B (((-79.45597 34.63409, -79.6675 34.80066, -79.68596 34.80526, -79.66015 34.8179, -7~
3 C (((-78.65572 33.94867, -78.63472 33.97798, -78.63027 34.0102, -78.58778 34.03061, -~
tm_shape(nc_union)+
tm_borders()
You can see that now nc_union contains only 3 MULTIPOLYGONS, and plot reflects the "aggregation".
See also: https://github.com/r-spatial/sf/issues/290
Created on 2019-08-23 by the reprex package (v0.3.0)