30 sec rows to 1 min rows - r

I have a dataset with time stamps every 30 seconds and binary along side each time stamp with either 0 meaning active and 1 meaning inactive. I want to combine two 30 second intervals into one interval marked either active or inactive based on if there is a 0 in either of the two, the new minute interval is marked 0 and if there is two 1s, the interval is marked inactive. I could probably do a macro in excel but I think it would be easier to just do it in R.
11:00.20 1
11:00.50 0
11:01.20 1
11:01.50 1

Here's a way using dplyr -
df %>%
mutate(group = rep(1:n(), each = 2, length.out = n())) %>%
group_by(group) %>%
summarise(
timestamp = first(timestamp),
value = case_when(
sum(value) == 1 ~ "0",
sum(value) == 2 ~ "inactive",
TRUE ~ "active"
)
)
# A tibble: 2 x 3
group timestamp value
<int> <chr> <chr>
1 1 11:00.20 0
2 2 11:01.20 inactive
Data -
df <- read.table(text = "11:00.20 1
11:00.50 0
11:01.20 1
11:01.50 1", header = F, stringsAsFactors = F, col.names = c("timestamp", "value"))

Your data:
df <- tibble(
time = c("11:00.20", "11:00.50",
"11:01.20", "11:01.50"),
active = c(1, 0, 1, 1))
I have tried lubridate:
library(lubridate)
library(tidyverse)
df %>%
mutate(
date = hms(time),
) %>%
group_by(hour= hour(date), minute=minute(date)) %>%
summarize(
active = min(active)
)
and got the following tibble:
# A tibble: 2 x 3
# Groups: hour [1]
hour minute active
<dbl> <dbl> <dbl>
1 11 0 0
2 11 1 1

Related

Summarize one variable/column over all possible values of other variables/columns

I need to summarize one variable/column of a long table after aggregating (group_by()) by another variable/column, I need to have the summarized value by all values of other variables/columns.
Here is test data:
library(tidyverse)
set.seed(123)
Site <- str_c("S", 1:5)
Species <- str_c("Sps", 1:6)
print(Species_tbl <- bind_cols(Species = Species,
Exotic = rbinom(length(Species), 1, .3),
Migrant = rbinom(length(Species), 2, .3)))
Data_tbl <- expand.grid(Site = Site,
Species = Species) %>%
left_join(Species_tbl)
Data_tbl$Presence <- rbinom(nrow(Data_tbl), 1, .5)
And here is my best effort:
print(Data_tbl %>%
group_by(Site) %>%
summarise(N_sp = sum(Presence),
N_sp_Exo = sum(Presence[Exotic == 1]),
N_sp_Nat = sum(Presence[Exotic == 0]),
N_sp_M0 = sum(Presence[Migrant == 0]),
N_sp_M1 = sum(Presence[Migrant == 1]),
N_sp_M2 = sum(Presence[Migrant == 2])))
You can get the data in long format for your columns of interest c(Exotic, Migrant) and take sum of Presence columns for each unique column names and it's values. This can be merged with sum of each Site.
library(dplyr)
library(tidyr)
data1 <- Data_tbl %>%
group_by(Site) %>%
summarise(N_sp = sum(Presence))
data2 <- Data_tbl %>%
pivot_longer(cols = c(Exotic, Migrant)) %>%
group_by(Site, name, value) %>%
summarise(result = sum(Presence), .groups = "drop") %>%
pivot_wider(names_from = c(name, value), values_from = result)
inner_join(data1, data2, by = 'Site')
# Site N_sp Exotic_0 Exotic_1 Migrant_0 Migrant_1 Migrant_2
# <fct> <int> <int> <int> <int> <int> <int>
#1 S1 4 2 2 1 2 1
#2 S2 3 2 1 0 2 1
#3 S3 2 1 1 0 2 0
#4 S4 4 2 2 1 3 0
#5 S5 4 1 3 1 2 1
The answer has been divided in two steps for ease of readability. If you would like to do this in a single chain without creating temporary variables that can be done as well.

Summarizing a collection of data frames - improving upon a clumsy solution

I have a collection of data frames, df_i, representing the ith visit of a set of patients to a hospital. I'd like to summarize each of the data frames to determine the number of men, women and total patients at the ith visit. While I can solve this, my solution is clumsy. Is there a simpler way to get the final dataframe that I want? Example follows:
df_1 <- data.frame(
ID = c(rep("A",4), rep("B",3), rep("C",2), "D"),
Dates = seq.Date(from = as.Date("2020-01-01"), to = as.Date("2020-01-10"), by = "day"),
Sex = c(rep("Male",4), rep("Male",3), rep("Female",2), "Female"),
Weight = seq(100, 190, 10),
Visit = rep(1, 10)
)
df_2 <- data.frame(
ID = c(rep("A",4), rep("B",3), rep("C",2)),
Dates = seq.Date(from = as.Date("2020-02-01"), to = as.Date("2020-02-9"), by = "day"),
Sex = c(rep("Male",4), rep("Male",3), rep("Female",2)),
Weight = seq(100, 180, 10),
Visit = rep(2, 5)
)
df_3 <- data.frame(
ID = c(rep("A",4), rep("B",3)),
Dates = seq.Date(from = as.Date("2020-03-01"), to = as.Date("2020-03-07"), by = "day"),
Sex = rep("Male",7),
Weight = seq(140, 200, 10),
Visit = rep(3, 7)
)
I'm looking to generate the following result:
> df_sum
Visit Patients Men Women
1 1 4 2 2
2 2 3 2 1
3 3 2 2 0
I can do this in a very clumsy way: First create a temporary data frame that summarizes the information in df_1
df_tmp <- df_1 %>%
group_by(ID) %>%
filter(Dates == min(Dates)) %>%
summarize(n = n(), Men = sum(Sex == "Male"), Women = sum(Sex == "Female"))
> df_tmp
# A tibble: 4 x 4
ID n Men Women
<chr> <int> <int> <int>
1 A 1 1 0
2 B 1 1 0
3 C 1 0 1
4 D 1 0 1
Next, sum each of the columns in df_tmp to create the first row for the summary column.
r1 <- c(sum(df_tmp$n), sum(df_tmp$Men), sum(df_tmp$Women))
Repeat for the second and third data frames. Finally rbind the rows together to create the summary data frame. While this works, it is extremely clumsy, and doesn't generalize to the case when I have a variable number of visits. Would someone kindly point me to a mmore elegant solution to my problem?
Many thanks in advance
Thomas Philips
Could also make into a tibble with bind_rows:
library(tidyverse)
bind_rows(df_1, df_2, df_3, .id = "day") %>%
group_by(day, ID) %>%
slice_min(Dates) %>%
group_by(day) %>%
summarize(n = n(), Men = sum(Sex == "Male"), Women = sum(Sex == "Female"))
Result
# A tibble: 3 x 4
day n Men Women
* <chr> <int> <int> <int>
1 1 4 2 2
2 2 3 2 1
3 3 2 2 0
Put the data in a list and iterate over them through map so that you don't have to repeat the code for each dataframe. Using janitor::adorn_totals you can add a new row in the output with the total and get the data in wide format.
library(tidyverse)
list_df <- list(df_1, df_2, df_3)
map_df(list_df, ~.x %>%
group_by(ID) %>%
filter(Dates == min(Dates)) %>%
ungroup %>%
count(Sex) %>%
janitor::adorn_totals(name = 'Patients'), .id = 'Visit') %>%
pivot_wider(names_from = Sex, values_from = n, values_fill = 0)
# Visit Female Male Patients
# <chr> <int> <int> <int>
#1 1 2 2 4
#2 2 1 2 3
#3 3 0 2 2

How to find observations within a certain time range of each other in R

I have a dataset with ID, date, days of life, and medication variables. Each ID has multiple observations indicating different administrations of a certain drug. I want to find UNIQUE meds that were administered within 365 days of each other. A sample of the data frame is as follows:
ID date dayoflife meds
1 2003-11-24 16361 lasiks
1 2003-11-24 16361 vigab
1 2004-01-09 16407 lacos
1 2013-11-25 20015 pheno
1 2013-11-26 20016 vigab
1 2013-11-26 20016 lasiks
2 2008-06-05 24133 pheno
2 2008-04-07 24074 vigab
3 2014-11-25 8458 pheno
3 2014-12-22 8485 pheno
I expect the outcome to be:
ID N
1 3
2 2
3 1
indicating that individual 1 had a max of 3 different types of medications administered within 365 days of each other. I am not sure if it is best to use days of life or the date to get to this expected outcome.Any help is appreciated
An option would be to convert the 'date' to Date class, grouped by 'ID', get the absolute difference of 'date' and the lag of the column, check whether it is greater than 365, create a grouping index with cumsum, get the number of distinct elements of 'meds' in summarise
library(dplyr)
df1 %>%
mutate(date = as.Date(date)) %>%
group_by(ID) %>%
mutate(diffd = abs(as.numeric(difftime(date, lag(date, default = first(date)),
units = 'days')))) %>%
group_by(grp = cumsum(diffd > 365), add = TRUE) %>%
summarise(N = n_distinct(meds)) %>%
group_by(ID) %>%
summarise(N = max(N))
# A tibble: 3 x 2
# ID N
# <int> <int>
#1 1 2
#2 2 2
#3 3 1
You can try:
library(dplyr)
df %>%
group_by(ID) %>%
mutate(date = as.Date(date),
lag_date = abs(date - lag(date)) <= 365,
lead_date = abs(date - lead(date)) <= 365) %>%
mutate_at(vars(lag_date, lead_date), ~ ifelse(., ., NA)) %>%
filter(coalesce(lag_date, lead_date)) %>%
summarise(N = n_distinct(meds))
Output:
# A tibble: 3 x 2
ID N
<int> <int>
1 1 2
2 2 2
3 3 1

Improving a dplyr solution -- Create a variable by conditional ordering (position) based on other information

I'm working on a dataset where every participant (ID) was evaluated 1, 2 or 3 times. It's a longitudinal study. Unfortunately, when the first analyst coded the dataset, she/he did not assign any information about that.
Because all participant have age information (in months), it's easy to identify when was the first evaluation, when was the second and so on. In the first evaluation, the participant was younger than the second and so on.
I used tidyverse tools to deal with that and everything is working. Howerver,I really know (imagine...) there is many other (much more) elegant solution, and I came to this forum to ask for that. Could someone give me thoughts about how to make this code shorter and clear?
This is a fake data to reproduce the code:
ds <- data.frame(id = seq(1:6),
months = round(rnorm(18, mean=12, sd=2),0),
x1 = sample(0:2),
x2 = sample(0:2),
x3 = sample(0:2),
x4 = sample(0:2))
#add how many times each child was acessed
ds <- ds %>% group_by(id) %>% mutate(how_many = n())
#Add position
ds %>% group_by(id) %>%
mutate(first = min(months),
max = max(months),
med = median(months)) -> ds
#add label to the third evaluation (the second will be missing)
ds %>%
mutate(group = case_when((how_many == 3) & (months %in% first) ~ "First evaluation",
(how_many == 3) & (months %in% max) ~ "Third evaluation",
TRUE ~ group)) -> ds
#add label to the second evaluation for all children evaluated two times
ds %>% mutate_at(vars(group), funs(if_else(is.na(.),"Second Evaluation",.))) -> ds
This is my original code:
temp <- dataset %>% select(idind, arm, infant_sex,infant_age_months)
#add how many times each child was acessed
temp <- temp %>% group_by(idind) %>% mutate(how_many = n())
#Add position
temp %>% group_by(idind) %>%
mutate(first = min(infant_age_months),
max = max(infant_age_months),
med = median(infant_age_months)) -> temp
#add label to the first evaluation
temp %>%
mutate(group = case_when(how_many == 1 ~ "First evaluation")) -> temp
#add label to the second evaluation (and keep all previous results)
temp %>%
mutate(group = case_when((how_many == 2) & (infant_age_months %in% first) ~ "First evaluation",
(how_many == 2) & (infant_age_months %in% max) ~ "Second evaluation",
TRUE ~ group)) -> temp
#add label to the third evaluation (the second will be missing)
temp %>%
mutate(group = case_when((how_many == 3) & (infant_age_months %in% first) ~ "First evaluation",
(how_many == 3) & (infant_age_months %in% max) ~ "Third evaluation",
TRUE ~ group)) -> temp
#add label to the second evaluation for all children evaluated two times
temp %>% mutate_at(vars(group), funs(if_else(is.na(.),"Second Evaluation",.))) -> temp
Please, keep in mind I used search box before asking that and I really imagine other people can figure the same question when programing.
Thanks much
There you go. I used rank() to give the order of the treatments.
ds <- data.frame(id = seq(1:6),
months = round(rnorm(18, mean=12, sd=2),0),
x1 = sample(0:2),
x2 = sample(0:2),
x3 = sample(0:2),
x4 = sample(0:2))
ds2 = ds %>% group_by(id) %>% mutate(rank = rank(months,ties.method="first"))
labels = c("First", "Second","Third")
ds2$labels = labels[ds2$rank]
Or just arrange by age and use 1:n() instead of n(), which creates a sequence:
ds <- ds %>% group_by(id) %>% arrange(months) %>% mutate(how_many = 1:n())
ds %>% arrange(id, months)
# A tibble: 18 x 7
# Groups: id [6]
id months x1 x2 x3 x4 how_many
<int> <dbl> <int> <int> <int> <int> <int>
1 1 10 1 2 0 1 1
2 1 11 1 2 0 1 2
3 1 12 1 2 0 1 3
4 2 11 0 1 2 2 1
5 2 14 0 1 2 2 2
6 2 14 0 1 2 2 3
You can then use factor to attach a label, if you wish.
ds$label <- factor(ds$how_many, level = 1:3, label = c("First", "Second","Third"))
head(ds)
# A tibble: 18 x 8
# Groups: id [6]
id months x1 x2 x3 x4 how_many label
<int> <dbl> <int> <int> <int> <int> <int> <fct>
1 1 10 1 2 0 1 1 First
2 1 11 1 2 0 1 2 Second
3 1 12 1 2 0 1 3 Third
4 2 11 0 1 2 2 1 First
5 2 14 0 1 2 2 2 Second
6 2 14 0 1 2 2 3 Third

How can I create a column that cumulatively adds the sum of two previous rows based on conditions?

I tried asking this question before but was it was poorly stated. This is a new attempt cause I haven't solved it yet.
I have a dataset with winners, losers, date, winner_points and loser_points.
For each row, I want two new columns, one for the winner and one for the loser that shows how many points they have scored so far (as both winners and losers).
Example data:
winner <- c(1,2,3,1,2,3,1,2,3)
loser <- c(3,1,1,2,1,1,3,1,2)
date <- c("2017-10-01","2017-10-02","2017-10-03","2017-10-04","2017-10-05","2017-10-06","2017-10-07","2017-10-08","2017-10-09")
winner_points <- c(2,1,2,1,2,1,2,1,2)
loser_points <- c(1,0,1,0,1,0,1,0,1)
test_data <- data.frame(winner, loser, date = as.Date(date), winner_points, loser_points)
I want the output to be:
winner_points_sum <- c(0, 0, 1, 3, 1, 3, 5, 3, 5)
loser_points_sum <- c(0, 2, 2, 1, 4, 5, 4, 7, 4)
test_data <- data.frame(winner, loser, date = as.Date(date), winner_points, loser_points, winner_points_sum, loser_points_sum)
How I've solved it thus far is to do a for loop such as:
library(dplyr)
test_data$winner_points_sum_loop <- 0
test_data$loser_points_sum_loop <- 0
for(i in row.names(test_data)) {
test_data[i,]$winner_points_sum_loop <-
(
test_data %>%
dplyr::filter(winner == test_data[i,]$winner & date < test_data[i,]$date) %>%
dplyr::summarise(points = sum(winner_points, na.rm = TRUE))
+
test_data %>%
dplyr::filter(loser == test_data[i,]$winner & date < test_data[i,]$date) %>%
dplyr::summarise(points = sum(loser_points, na.rm = TRUE))
)
}
test_data$winner_points_sum_loop <- unlist(test_data$winner_points_sum_loop)
Any suggestions how to tackle this problem? The queries take quite some time when the row numbers add up. I've tried elaborating with the AVE function, I can do it for one column to sum a players point as winner but can't figure out how to add their points as loser.
winner <- c(1,2,3,1,2,3,1,2,3)
loser <- c(3,1,1,2,1,1,3,1,2)
date <- c("2017-10-01","2017-10-02","2017-10-03","2017-10-04","2017-10-05","2017-10-06","2017-10-07","2017-10-08","2017-10-09")
winner_points <- c(2,1,2,1,2,1,2,1,2)
loser_points <- c(1,0,1,0,1,0,1,0,1)
test_data <- data.frame(winner, loser, date = as.Date(date), winner_points, loser_points)
library(dplyr)
library(tidyr)
test_data %>%
unite(winner, winner, winner_points) %>% # unite winner columns
unite(loser, loser, loser_points) %>% # unite loser columns
gather(type, pl_pts, winner, loser, -date) %>% # reshape
separate(pl_pts, c("player","points"), convert = T) %>% # separate columns
arrange(date) %>% # order dates (in case it's not)
group_by(player) %>% # for each player
mutate(sum_points = cumsum(points) - points) %>% # get points up to that date
ungroup() %>% # forget the grouping
unite(pl_pts_sumpts, player, points, sum_points) %>% # unite columns
spread(type, pl_pts_sumpts) %>% # reshape
separate(loser, c("loser", "loser_points", "loser_points_sum"), convert = T) %>% # separate columns and give appropriate names
separate(winner, c("winner", "winner_points", "winner_points_sum"), convert = T) %>%
select(winner, loser, date, winner_points, loser_points, winner_points_sum, loser_points_sum) # select the order you prefer
# # A tibble: 9 x 7
# winner loser date winner_points loser_points winner_points_sum loser_points_sum
# * <int> <int> <date> <int> <int> <int> <int>
# 1 1 3 2017-10-01 2 1 0 0
# 2 2 1 2017-10-02 1 0 0 2
# 3 3 1 2017-10-03 2 1 1 2
# 4 1 2 2017-10-04 1 0 3 1
# 5 2 1 2017-10-05 2 1 1 4
# 6 3 1 2017-10-06 1 0 3 5
# 7 1 3 2017-10-07 2 1 5 4
# 8 2 1 2017-10-08 1 0 3 7
# 9 3 2 2017-10-09 2 1 5 4
I finally understood what you want. And I took an approach of getting cumulative points of each player at each point in time and then joining it to the original test_data data frame.
winner <- c(1,2,3,1,2,3,1,2,3)
loser <- c(3,1,1,2,1,1,3,1,2)
date <- c("2017-10-01","2017-10-02","2017-10-03","2017-10-04","2017-10-05","2017-10-06","2017-10-07","2017-10-08","2017-10-09")
winner_points <- c(2,1,2,1,2,1,2,1,2)
loser_points <- c(1,0,1,0,1,0,1,0,1)
test_data <- data.frame(winner, loser, date = as.Date(date), winner_points, loser_points)
library(dplyr)
library(tidyr)
cum_points <- test_data %>%
gather(end_game_status, player_id, winner, loser) %>%
gather(which_point, how_many_points, winner_points, loser_points) %>%
filter(
(end_game_status == "winner" & which_point == "winner_points") |
(end_game_status == "loser" & which_point == "loser_points")) %>%
arrange(date = as.Date(date)) %>%
group_by(player_id) %>%
mutate(cumulative_points = cumsum(how_many_points)) %>%
mutate(cumulative_points_sofar = lag(cumulative_points, default = 0))
select(player_id, date, cumulative_points)
output <- test_data %>%
left_join(cum_points, by = c('date', 'winner' = 'player_id')) %>%
rename(winner_points_sum = cumulative_points_sofar) %>%
left_join(cum_points, by = c('date', 'loser' = 'player_id')) %>%
rename(loser_points_sum = cumulative_points_sofar)
output
The difference to the previous question of the OP is that the OP is now asking for the cumulative sum of points each player has scored so far, i.e., before the actual date. Furthermore, the sample data set now contains a date column which uniquely identifies each row.
So, my previous approach can be used here as well, with some modifications. The solution below reshapes the data from wide to long format whereby two value variables are reshaped simultaneously, computes the cumulative sums for each player id , and finally reshapes from long back to wide format, again. In order to sum only points scored before the actual date, the rows are lagged by one.
It is important to note that the winner and loser columns contain the respective player ids.
library(data.table)
cols <- c("winner", "loser")
setDT(test_data)[
# reshape multiple value variables simultaneously from wide to long format
, melt(.SD, id.vars = "date",
measure.vars = list(cols, paste0(cols, "_points")),
value.name = c("id", "points"))][
# rename variable column
, variable := forcats::lvls_revalue(variable, cols)][
# order by date and cumulate the lagged points by id
order(date), points_sum := cumsum(shift(points, fill = 0)), by = id][
# reshape multiple value variables simultaneously from long to wide format
, dcast(.SD, date ~ variable, value.var = c("id", "points", "points_sum"))]
date id_winner id_loser points_winner points_loser points_sum_winner points_sum_loser
1: 2017-10-01 1 3 2 1 0 0
2: 2017-10-02 2 1 1 0 0 2
3: 2017-10-03 3 1 2 1 1 2
4: 2017-10-04 1 2 1 0 3 1
5: 2017-10-05 2 1 2 1 1 4
6: 2017-10-06 3 1 1 0 3 5
7: 2017-10-07 1 3 2 1 5 4
8: 2017-10-08 2 1 1 0 3 7
9: 2017-10-09 3 2 2 1 5 4

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