x509Certificate2 returning null - ssl certificate - .net-core

I have installed ssl certificate and but when I use certCollection.Find by Extension but it's returning null.
private X509Certificate2 GetCertificateFromStore()
{
X509Certificate2 x509Certificate2;
var aspNetCoreEnvironment = Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("ASPNETCORE_ENVIRONMENT");
if (string.Equals(aspNetCoreEnvironment, "Development", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
{
const string aspNetHttpsOid = "1.3.1.1.3.1.1.84.1.1";
const string cnName = "CN=localhost";
using (var store = new X509Store(StoreName.My, StoreLocation.LocalMachine))
{
store.Open(OpenFlags.ReadOnly);
var certCollection = store.Certificates;
var currentCerts = certCollection.Find(X509FindType.FindByExtension, aspNetHttpsOid, true);
currentCerts = currentCerts.Find(X509FindType.FindByIssuerDistinguishedName, cnName, true);
x509Certificate2 = currentCerts.Count == 0 ? null : currentCerts[0];
}
}
}
Note: I have created a self-signed development certificate with below commands.
PS C:\program files\microsoft sdks\service fabric\clustersetup\secure> .\CertSetup.ps1 -Install -CertSubjectName CN=mytestcert
after installing i can see certificate is created with added into Trusted root.
Am I making some mistake in creating self signed certificate. I am not sure.

You have stored the certificate in StoreLocation.CurrentUser but you code is looking in StoreLocation.LocalMachine.
Also, don't forget to the add proper ACL's.

Related

Thirdparty certificate authentication in .net core API between client and server API

I am trying to implement the certificate authentication in .net core API(Server/target) and this API will be invoked in to another API(Client) .Here is the piece of code of client api which makes request to server/target api.But I'm facing an error on the server/target api .I'm running these two services from local and both certificates have already installed
Client side controller logic
[HttpGet]
public async Task<List<WeatherForecast>> Get()
{
List<WeatherForecast> weatherForecastList = new List<WeatherForecast>();
X509Certificate2 clientCert = Authentication.GetClientCertificate();
if (clientCert == null)
{
HttpActionContext actionContext = null;
actionContext.Response = new HttpResponseMessage(System.Net.HttpStatusCode.Forbidden)
{
ReasonPhrase = "Client Certificate Required"
};
}
HttpClientHandler requestHandler = new HttpClientHandler();
requestHandler.ClientCertificates.Add(clientCert);
requestHandler.ServerCertificateCustomValidationCallback += (sender, cert, chain, sslPolicyErrors) => true;
HttpClient client = new HttpClient(requestHandler)
{
BaseAddress = new Uri("https://localhost:11111/ServerAPI")
};
client.DefaultRequestHeaders
.Accept
.Add(new MediaTypeWithQualityHeaderValue("application/xml"));//ACCEPT head
using (var httpClient = new HttpClient())
{
//httpClient.DefaultRequestHeaders.Accept.Clear();
var request = new HttpRequestMessage()
{
RequestUri = new Uri("https://localhost:44386/ServerAPI"),
Method = HttpMethod.Get,
};
request.Headers.Add("X-ARR-ClientCert", clientCert.GetRawCertDataString());
httpClient.DefaultRequestHeaders.Accept.Add(new MediaTypeWithQualityHeaderValue("application/json"));//ACCEPT head
//using (var response = await httpClient.GetAsync("https://localhost:11111/ServerAPI"))
using (var response = await httpClient.SendAsync(request))
{
if (response.StatusCode == System.Net.HttpStatusCode.OK)
{
string apiResposne = await response.Content.ReadAsStringAsync();
weatherForecastList = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<List<WeatherForecast>>(apiResposne);
}
}
}
return weatherForecastList;
}
authentication class
public static X509Certificate2 GetClientCertificate()
{
X509Store userCaStore = new X509Store(StoreName.TrustedPeople, StoreLocation.CurrentUser);
try
{
string str_API_Cert_Thumbprint = "aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa";
userCaStore.Open(OpenFlags.ReadOnly);
X509Certificate2Collection certificatesInStore = userCaStore.Certificates;
X509Certificate2Collection findResult = certificatesInStore.Find(X509FindType.FindByThumbprint, str_API_Cert_Thumbprint, false);
X509Certificate2 clientCertificate = null;
if (findResult.Count == 1)
{
clientCertificate = findResult[0];
if(System.DateTime.Today >= System.Convert.ToDateTime(clientCertificate.GetExpirationDateString()))
{
throw new Exception("Certificate has already been expired.");
}
else if (System.Convert.ToDateTime(clientCertificate.GetExpirationDateString()).AddDays(-30) <= System.DateTime.Today)
{
throw new Exception("Certificate is about to expire in 30 days.");
}
}
else
{
throw new Exception("Unable to locate the correct client certificate.");
}
return clientCertificate;
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
throw;
}
finally
{
userCaStore.Close();
}
}
Server/target api code
[HttpGet]
public IEnumerable<WeatherForecast> Getcertdata()
{
IHeaderDictionary headers = base.Request.Headers;
X509Certificate2 clientCertificate = null;
string certHeaderString = headers["X-ARR-ClientCert"];
if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(certHeaderString))
{
//byte[] bytes = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(certHeaderString);
//byte[] bytes = Convert.FromBase64String(certHeaderString);
//clientCertificate = new X509Certificate2(bytes);
clientCertificate = new X509Certificate2(WebUtility.UrlDecode(certHeaderString));
var serverCertificate = new X509Certificate2(Path.Combine("abc.pfx"), "pwd");
if (clientCertificate.Thumbprint == serverCertificate.Thumbprint)
{
//Valida Cert
}
}
var rng = new Random();
return Enumerable.Range(1, 5).Select(index => new WeatherForecast
{
Date = DateTime.Now.AddDays(index),
TemperatureC = rng.Next(-20, 55),
Summary = Summaries[rng.Next(Summaries.Length)]
}).ToArray();
//return new List<WeatherForecast>();
}
You have much more problems here, the code is significantly flawed and insecure in various ways. Let's explain each issue:
HttpClient in using clause in client side controller logic
Although you expect to wrap anything that implements IDisposable in using statement. However, it is not really the case with HttpClient. Connections are not closed immediately. And with every request to client controller action, a new connection is established to remote endpoint, while previous connections sit in TIME_WAIT state. Under certain constant load, your HttpClient will exhaust TCP port pool (which is limited) and any new attempt to create a new connection will throw an exception. Here are more details on this problem: You're using HttpClient wrong and it is destabilizing your software
Microsoft recommendation is to re-use existing connections. One way to do this is to Use IHttpClientFactory to implement resilient HTTP requests. Microsoft article talks a bit about this problem:
Though this class implements IDisposable, declaring and instantiating
it within a using statement is not preferred because when the
HttpClient object gets disposed of, the underlying socket is not
immediately released, which can lead to a socket exhaustion problem.
BTW, you have created a client variable, but do not use it in any way.
Ignore certificate validation problems
The line:
requestHandler.ServerCertificateCustomValidationCallback += (sender, cert, chain, sslPolicyErrors) => true;
make you vulnerable to MITM attack.
you are doing client certificate authentication wrong
The line:
request.Headers.Add("X-ARR-ClientCert", clientCert.GetRawCertDataString());
It is not the proper way how to do client cert authentication. What you literally doing is passing certificate's public part to server. That's all. You do not prove private key possession which is required to authenticate you. The proper way to do so is:
requestHandler.ClientCertificates.Add(clientCert);
This will force client and server to perform proper client authentication and check if you possess the private key for certificate you pass (it is done in TLS handshake automatically). If you have ASP.NET on server side, then you read it this way (in controller action):
X509Certificate2 clientCert = Request.HttpContext.Connection.ClientCertificate
if (clientCert == null) {
return Unauthorized();
}
// perform client cert validation according server-side rules.
Non-standard cert store
In authentication class you open StoreName.TrustedPeople store, while normally it should be StoreName.My. TrustedPeople isn't designed to store certs with private key. It isn't a functional problem, but it is bad practice.
unnecessary try/catch clause in authentication class
If you purposely throw exceptions in method, do not use try/catch. In your case you simply rethrow exception, thus you are doing a double work. And this:
throw new Exception("Certificate is about to expire in 30 days.");
is behind me. Throwing exception on technically valid certificate? Really?
server side code
As said, all this:
IHeaderDictionary headers = base.Request.Headers;
X509Certificate2 clientCertificate = null;
string certHeaderString = headers["X-ARR-ClientCert"];
if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(certHeaderString))
{
//byte[] bytes = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(certHeaderString);
//byte[] bytes = Convert.FromBase64String(certHeaderString);
//clientCertificate = new X509Certificate2(bytes);
clientCertificate = new X509Certificate2(WebUtility.UrlDecode(certHeaderString));
var serverCertificate = new X509Certificate2(Path.Combine("abc.pfx"), "pwd");
if (clientCertificate.Thumbprint == serverCertificate.Thumbprint)
{
//Valida Cert
}
}
must be replaced with:
X509Certificate2 clientCert = Request.HttpContext.Connection.ClientCertificate
if (clientCert == null) {
return Unauthorized();
}
// perform client cert validation according server-side rules.
BTW:
var serverCertificate = new X509Certificate2(Path.Combine("abc.pfx"), "pwd");
if (clientCertificate.Thumbprint == serverCertificate.Thumbprint)
{
//Valida Cert
}
This is another disaster in your code. You are loading the server certificate from PFX just to compare their thumbprints? So, you suppose that client will have a copy of server certificate? Client and server certificates must not be the same. Next thing is you are generating a lot of copies of server certificate's private key files. More private key files you generate, the slower the process is and you just generate a lot of garbage. More details on this you can find in my blog post: Handling X509KeyStorageFlags in applications

Accessing client certificates smartcard with web application

I need to fetch the certificate, and would like to fetch the client, and there is no server, I could do this form:
public static X509Certificate2 EscolherCertificado(string serial)
{
var store = new X509Store("MY", StoreLocation.CurrentUser);
var Key = new RSACryptoServiceProvider();
store.Open(OpenFlags.ReadOnly | OpenFlags.OpenExistingOnly);
X509Certificate2Collection collection = store.Certificates;
X509Certificate2Collection fcollection = collection.Find(X509FindType.FindBySerialNumber, serial, false);
if (fcollection.Count == 1)
{
return fcollection[0];
}
else { cod = "00000"; msgm = "not found"; return null; }
}
But when I publish on the server it does not work. Is there any way I can do this?
I can not get the client certificate, it returns error, because on the server there are no registered certificates.
EDIT
I have already been told that it is possible, I just do not know how to do it, the ways I tried does not work.
EDIT
Following this link, I did comply, but it does not work, it does not always find. What can I do to correct this problem?
public static X509Certificate2 EscolherCertificado(string serial)
{
X509Store userCaStore = new X509Store(StoreName.My, StoreLocation.CurrentUser);
try
{
userCaStore.Open(OpenFlags.ReadOnly);
X509Certificate2Collection certificatesInStore = userCaStore.Certificates;
X509Certificate2Collection findResult = certificatesInStore.Find(X509FindType.FindBySerialNumber, serial, true);
X509Certificate2 clientCertificate = null;
if (findResult.Count == 1)
{
clientCertificate = findResult[0];
}
else
{
throw new Exception("Unable to locate the correct client certificate.");
}
cod = "0000"; msgm = clientCertificate.ToString(); return clientCertificate;
}
catch
{
throw;
}
finally
{
userCaStore.Close();
}
As far as I know, you cannot reach the client Certificates Store.
To do that you have to code a propietary plugin for each browser platform and give the right access permissions to the client.
That's a very painful task.
I wish you good luck with it.
In my case we ended up developing an EXE which has full access to the client hardware and features of the platform.
Here's the code:
private void ElegirCert()
{
System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.X509Store store = new System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.X509Store("MY", System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.StoreLocation.CurrentUser);
store.Open(System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.OpenFlags.ReadOnly);
System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.X509Certificate2Collection collection = (System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.X509Certificate2Collection)store.Certificates;
System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.X509Certificate2Collection fcollection = (System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.X509Certificate2Collection)collection;//.Find(System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.X509FindType.FindByTimeValid, DateTime.Now, false);
try
{
Cert = System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.X509Certificate2UI.SelectFromCollection(fcollection, "Elegir", "Seleccione el certificado que desea utilizar", System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.X509SelectionFlag.SingleSelection)[0];
}
catch (Exception e)
{
}
store.Close();
}
I still think that it is not possible to get the list of client certificates using the sole browser capabilities.
There is a way and it involves creating an extension which communicates with an Executable Native file that does the "hard work". That means, getting the full list of certificates and exposing it to the user.
I think that after that, the user chooses one, then the EXE asks for the cert store password (if it has one), then the exe digitally signs the hash and whatever...

Is it possible in a .NET Core application to retrieve a certificate from AWS Certificate Manager and use it in a HttpClient post?

My .Net core application makes a post request to an external web service using HttpClient. The external web service requires a certificate to validate against.
The certificates are installed in AWS and I have an ARN that points to the certificate.
Is it possible to get the certificate programitically from AWS Certificate Manager and use this in my HtppClient, for example this is the code I would use normally to add a certificate but I need to get it from AWS.
private HttpClientHandler HttpClientHandler()
{
var handler = new HttpClientHandler
{
ClientCertificateOptions = ClientCertificateOption.Manual,
SslProtocols = SslProtocols.Tls12
};
handler.ClientCertificates.Add(new X509Certificate2("cert.crt")); //TODO: fetch from AWS.
return handler;
}
So, it's possible.
I installed AWSSDK.Core and AWSSDK.CertificateManager from NuGet.
Then, I created a credentials file for AWS, see instructions from Amazon
https://docs.aws.amazon.com/cli/latest/userguide/cli-config-files.html
Next, I used the AmazonCertificateManagerClient to get the certificate.
AmazonCertificateManagerClient client = new AmazonCertificateManagerClient();
var certificates = client.GetCertificateAsync(arn).Result;
I then converted the certificate from string to bytes and then add to the handler.
var handler = new HttpClientHandler{
ClientCertificateOptions = ClientCertificateOption.Manual,
SslProtocols = SslProtocols.Tls12
};
byte[] toBytes = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(certificates.Certificate);
var cert = new X509Certificate2(toBytes);
handler.ClientCertificates.Add(cert);
var httpClient = new HttpClient(handler);
Obviously, not production worthy code, hope it helps.
As mentioned by Zack the accepted answer does not work. It does retrieve a certificate out of ACM but it is not usable as a client certificate for HttpClient because it has no private key.
As far as I can tell there is no way to get the private key out of ACM so I ended up putting it in SecretsManager and doing something like:
var certManagerClient = new AmazonCertificateManagerClient();
var awsCert = certManagerClient.GetCertificateAsync(arn).Result;
byte[] awsBytes = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(awsCert.Certificate);
var cert = new X509Certificate2(awsBytes);
var secretsManagerClient = new AmazonSecretsManagerClient();
var privateKey = secretsManagerClient.GetSecretValueAsync(new GetSecretValueRequest { SecretId = secretId }).Result.SecretString;
byte[] privateKeyBytes = Convert.FromBase64String(privateKey);
var privateKey = RSA.Create();
privateKey.ImportRSAPrivateKey(new ReadOnlySpan<byte>(privateKeyBytes), out _);
var certWithPrivateKey = cert.CopyWithPrivateKey(privateKey);
And then using certWithPrivateKey in my HttpClientHandler:
var handler = new HttpClientHandler { ClientCertificateOptions = ClientCertificateOption.Manual };
handler.ClientCertificates.Add(certWithPrivateKey);
If you use the AWS SDK you can get certificates using the AmazonCertificateManagerClient. See the AWS SDK documentation for details. (select Amazon.CertificateManager > AmazonCertificateManagerClient)

Certificate authentication of rest api in Azure with https

I have problems with configuring my asp.net web api service to authenticate requests by client certificates
I do the steps describing in Pro ASP.NET Web Api Security:
I create certificates using makecert.exe
makecert.exe -r -n "CN=MobileTradeDataGateway" -pe -sv MobileTradeDataGateway.pvk -a sha256 -cy authority MobileTradeDataGateway.cer and makecert.exe -iv MobileTradeDataGateway.pvk -ic MobileTradeDataGateway.cer -n "CN=DataGateway1" -pe -sv DataGateway1.pvk -a sha256 -sky exchange DataGateway1.cer -eku 1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.2
I install MobileTradeDataGateway certificate in server Trusted Root Certification Authorities and in client too. Install DataGateway1 in client personal authority.
Configure site to accept certificates and enable. Enable anonymous authentication.
Create DelegatingHandler and add it to messagehandlers collection in mvc to check certificates.
Call web api method
var certStore = new X509Store(StoreLocation.CurrentUser);
certStore.Open(OpenFlags.ReadOnly);
var collection = certStore.Certificates.Find(X509FindType.FindByIssuerName, "MobileTradeDataGateway", true);
var cert = collection[0];
certStore.Close();
var messageHandler = new WebRequestHandler();
messageHandler.ClientCertificates.Add(cert);
var client = new HttpClient(messageHandler) { BaseAddress = new Uri("...") };
var res = client.GetAsync("/api/orderuploader?number=5").Result;
.
Everything works fine in my local machine and network where my machine is server.
But when I deploy it to azure cloud service I get null
var cert = request.GetClientCertificate(); // here is null
in my custom delegating handler
Off course I enable IIS to accept certificates and correctelly put certificates in Trusted Root Certification Authorities
Any ideas?
Did you also tried getting your certificate by "Thumbprint".
here is a sample code that tries to read a certificate from certificate store.
private X509Certificate2 FindCertificate()
{
X509Store certificateStore = new X509Store(StoreName.My, StoreLocation.CurrentUser);
certificateStore.Open(OpenFlags.ReadOnly);
X509Certificate2Collection certificates = certificateStore.Certificates;
X509Certificate2Collection matchingCertificates = certificates.Find(X509FindType.FindByThumbprint, "CertThumbprint", false);
if (matchingCertificates != null && matchingCertificates.Count > 0)
{
return matchingCertificates[0];
}
throw new ArgumentException("Unable to find a matching certificate in the certificate store. Please modify the search criteria.");
}
this link has more information on how you can read certificate from a web /worker role
Here is the code of my delegatinghandler from web api
public class X509ClientCertificateHandler : DelegatingHandler
{
protected override async Task<HttpResponseMessage> SendAsync(HttpRequestMessage request, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
{
if (request.RequestUri.Scheme != Uri.UriSchemeHttps)
{
WebApiEventSource.Log.InvalidHttpsScheme();
return request.CreateResponse(HttpStatusCode.Forbidden);
}
var cert = request.GetClientCertificate(); // here is null!!!
if (cert == null)
{
WebApiEventSource.Log.FailureAuthenticate("certificate is abcent", "", "");
return request.CreateResponse(HttpStatusCode.Unauthorized);
}
var chain =new X509Chain {ChainPolicy = {RevocationMode = X509RevocationMode.NoCheck}};
if (chain.Build(cert) && cert.Issuer.Equals("CN=MobileTradeDataGateway"))
{
var claims = new List<Claim>
{
new Claim(ClaimTypes.Name, cert.Subject.Substring(3))
};
var principal = new ClaimsPrincipal(new[] {new ClaimsIdentity(claims, "X509")});
Thread.CurrentPrincipal = principal;
if (HttpContext.Current != null)
HttpContext.Current.User = principal;
WebApiEventSource.Log.SuccessAuthenticate(cert.SubjectName.Name);
return await base.SendAsync(request, cancellationToken);
}
WebApiEventSource.Log.FailureAuthenticate("certificate is incorrect", cert.IssuerName.Name, cert.SubjectName.Name);
return request.CreateResponse(HttpStatusCode.Unauthorized);
}
}
I think you have missed to upload the certificate to Azure Portal. Please make sure you upload .cer or .pfx certificate to Azure Portal. Let me know if you need help on how to upload etc.

How to give ASP.NET access to a private key in a certificate in the certificate store?

I have an ASP.NET application that accesses private key in a certificate in the certificates store. On Windows Server 2003 I was able to use winhttpcertcfg.exe to give private key access to the NETWORK SERVICE account. How do I give permissions to access a Private Key in a certificate in the certificate store (Local Computer\Personal) on a Windows Server 2008 R2 in an IIS 7.5 website?
I've tried giving Full Trust access to "Everyone", "IIS AppPool\DefaultAppPool", "IIS_IUSRS", and everyother security account I could find using the Certificates MMC (Server 2008 R2). However the below code demonstrates that the code does not have access to the Private Key of a certificate that was imported with the private key. The code instead throws and error everytime the private key property is accessed.
Default.aspx
<%# Page Language="C#" AutoEventWireup="true" CodeFile="Default.aspx.cs" Inherits="_Default" %>
<%# Import Namespace="System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates" %>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head runat="server">
<title></title>
</head>
<body>
<form id="form1" runat="server">
<div>
<asp:Repeater ID="repeater1" runat="server">
<HeaderTemplate>
<table>
<tr>
<td>
Cert
</td>
<td>
Public Key
</td>
<td>
Private Key
</td>
</tr>
</HeaderTemplate>
<ItemTemplate>
<tr>
<td>
<%#((X509Certificate2)Container.DataItem).GetNameInfo(X509NameType.SimpleName, false) %>
</td>
<td>
<%#((X509Certificate2)Container.DataItem).HasPublicKeyAccess() %>
</td>
<td>
<%#((X509Certificate2)Container.DataItem).HasPrivateKeyAccess() %>
</td>
</tr>
</ItemTemplate>
<FooterTemplate>
</table></FooterTemplate>
</asp:Repeater>
</div>
</form>
</body>
</html>
Default.aspx.cs
using System;
using System.Security.Cryptography;
using System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates;
using System.Web.UI;
public partial class _Default : Page
{
public X509Certificate2Collection Certificates;
protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
// Local Computer\Personal
var store = new X509Store(StoreLocation.LocalMachine);
// create and open store for read-only access
store.Open(OpenFlags.ReadOnly);
Certificates = store.Certificates;
repeater1.DataSource = Certificates;
repeater1.DataBind();
}
}
public static class Extensions
{
public static string HasPublicKeyAccess(this X509Certificate2 cert)
{
try
{
AsymmetricAlgorithm algorithm = cert.PublicKey.Key;
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
return "No";
}
return "Yes";
}
public static string HasPrivateKeyAccess(this X509Certificate2 cert)
{
try
{
string algorithm = cert.PrivateKey.KeyExchangeAlgorithm;
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
return "No";
}
return "Yes";
}
}
Create / Purchase certificate. Make sure it has a private key.
Import the certificate into the "Local Computer" account. Best to use Certificates MMC. Make sure to check "Allow private key to be exported"
Based upon which, IIS 7.5 Application Pool's identity use one of the following.
IIS 7.5 Website is running under ApplicationPoolIdentity. Open MMC => Add Certificates (Local computer) snap-in => Certificates (Local Computer) => Personal => Certificates => Right click the certificate of interest => All tasks => Manage private key => Add IIS AppPool\AppPoolName and grant it Full control. Replace "AppPoolName" with the name of your application pool (sometimes IIS_IUSRS)
IIS 7.5 Website is running under NETWORK SERVICE. Using Certificates MMC, added "NETWORK SERVICE" to Full Trust on certificate in "Local Computer\Personal".
IIS 7.5 Website is running under "MyIISUser" local computer user account. Using Certificates MMC, added "MyIISUser" (a new local computer user account) to Full Trust on certificate in "Local Computer\Personal".
Update based upon #Phil Hale comment:
Beware, if you're on a domain, your domain will be selected by default in the 'from location box'. Make sure to change that to "Local Computer". Change the location to "Local Computer" to view the app pool identities.
Note on granting permissions via MMC, Certs, Select Cert, right-click, all-tasks, "Manage Private Keys"
Manage Private Keys is only on the menu list for Personal... So if you've put your cert in Trusted People, etc. you're out of luck.
We found a way around this which worked for us. Drag and drop the cert to Personal, do the Manage Private Keys thing to grant permissions. Remember to set to use object-type built-ins and use the local machine not domain. We granted rights to the DefaultAppPool user and left it at that.
Once you're done, drag and drop the cert back where ever you originally had it. Presto.
If you are trying to load a cert from a .pfx file in IIS the solution may be as simple as enabling this option for the Application Pool.
Right click on the App Pool and select Advanced Settings.
Then enable Load User Profile
I figured out how to do this in Powershell that someone asked about:
$keyname=(((gci cert:\LocalMachine\my | ? {$_.thumbprint -like $thumbprint}).PrivateKey).CspKeyContainerInfo).UniqueKeyContainerName
$keypath = $env:ProgramData + “\Microsoft\Crypto\RSA\MachineKeys\”
$fullpath=$keypath+$keyname
$Acl = Get-Acl $fullpath
$Ar = New-Object System.Security.AccessControl.FileSystemAccessRule("IIS AppPool\$iisAppPoolName", "Read", "Allow")
$Acl.SetAccessRule($Ar)
Set-Acl $fullpath $Acl
For me, it was nothing more than re-importing the certificate with "Allow private key to be exported" checked.
I guess it is necessary, but it does make me nervous as it is a third party app accessing this certificate.
Although I have attended the above, I have come to this point after many attempts.
1- If you want access to the certificate from the store, you can do this as an example
2- It is much easier and cleaner to produce the certificate and use it via a path
Asp.net Core 2.2
OR1:
using Org.BouncyCastle.Asn1;
using Org.BouncyCastle.Asn1.Pkcs;
using Org.BouncyCastle.Asn1.X509;
using Org.BouncyCastle.Crypto;
using Org.BouncyCastle.Crypto.Generators;
using Org.BouncyCastle.Crypto.Operators;
using Org.BouncyCastle.Crypto.Parameters;
using Org.BouncyCastle.Crypto.Prng;
using Org.BouncyCastle.Math;
using Org.BouncyCastle.Pkcs;
using Org.BouncyCastle.Security;
using Org.BouncyCastle.Utilities;
using Org.BouncyCastle.X509;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Security.Cryptography;
using System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
namespace Tursys.Pool.Storage.Api.Utility
{
class CertificateManager
{
public static X509Certificate2 GetCertificate(string caller)
{
AsymmetricKeyParameter caPrivateKey = null;
X509Certificate2 clientCert;
X509Certificate2 serverCert;
clientCert = GetCertificateIfExist("CN=127.0.0.1", StoreName.My, StoreLocation.LocalMachine);
serverCert = GetCertificateIfExist("CN=MyROOTCA", StoreName.Root, StoreLocation.LocalMachine);
if (clientCert == null || serverCert == null)
{
var caCert = GenerateCACertificate("CN=MyROOTCA", ref caPrivateKey);
addCertToStore(caCert, StoreName.Root, StoreLocation.LocalMachine);
clientCert = GenerateSelfSignedCertificate("CN=127.0.0.1", "CN=MyROOTCA", caPrivateKey);
var p12 = clientCert.Export(X509ContentType.Pfx);
addCertToStore(new X509Certificate2(p12, (string)null, X509KeyStorageFlags.Exportable | X509KeyStorageFlags.PersistKeySet), StoreName.My, StoreLocation.LocalMachine);
}
if (caller == "client")
return clientCert;
return serverCert;
}
public static X509Certificate2 GenerateSelfSignedCertificate(string subjectName, string issuerName, AsymmetricKeyParameter issuerPrivKey)
{
const int keyStrength = 2048;
// Generating Random Numbers
CryptoApiRandomGenerator randomGenerator = new CryptoApiRandomGenerator();
SecureRandom random = new SecureRandom(randomGenerator);
// The Certificate Generator
X509V3CertificateGenerator certificateGenerator = new X509V3CertificateGenerator();
// Serial Number
BigInteger serialNumber = BigIntegers.CreateRandomInRange(BigInteger.One, BigInteger.ValueOf(Int64.MaxValue), random);
certificateGenerator.SetSerialNumber(serialNumber);
// Signature Algorithm
//const string signatureAlgorithm = "SHA256WithRSA";
//certificateGenerator.SetSignatureAlgorithm(signatureAlgorithm);
// Issuer and Subject Name
X509Name subjectDN = new X509Name(subjectName);
X509Name issuerDN = new X509Name(issuerName);
certificateGenerator.SetIssuerDN(issuerDN);
certificateGenerator.SetSubjectDN(subjectDN);
// Valid For
DateTime notBefore = DateTime.UtcNow.Date;
DateTime notAfter = notBefore.AddYears(2);
certificateGenerator.SetNotBefore(notBefore);
certificateGenerator.SetNotAfter(notAfter);
// Subject Public Key
AsymmetricCipherKeyPair subjectKeyPair;
var keyGenerationParameters = new KeyGenerationParameters(random, keyStrength);
var keyPairGenerator = new RsaKeyPairGenerator();
keyPairGenerator.Init(keyGenerationParameters);
subjectKeyPair = keyPairGenerator.GenerateKeyPair();
certificateGenerator.SetPublicKey(subjectKeyPair.Public);
// Generating the Certificate
AsymmetricCipherKeyPair issuerKeyPair = subjectKeyPair;
ISignatureFactory signatureFactory = new Asn1SignatureFactory("SHA512WITHRSA", issuerKeyPair.Private, random);
// selfsign certificate
Org.BouncyCastle.X509.X509Certificate certificate = certificateGenerator.Generate(signatureFactory);
// correcponding private key
PrivateKeyInfo info = PrivateKeyInfoFactory.CreatePrivateKeyInfo(subjectKeyPair.Private);
// merge into X509Certificate2
X509Certificate2 x509 = new System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.X509Certificate2(certificate.GetEncoded());
Asn1Sequence seq = (Asn1Sequence)Asn1Object.FromByteArray(info.PrivateKeyAlgorithm.GetDerEncoded());
if (seq.Count != 9)
{
//throw new PemException("malformed sequence in RSA private key");
}
RsaPrivateKeyStructure rsa = RsaPrivateKeyStructure.GetInstance(info.ParsePrivateKey());
RsaPrivateCrtKeyParameters rsaparams = new RsaPrivateCrtKeyParameters(
rsa.Modulus, rsa.PublicExponent, rsa.PrivateExponent, rsa.Prime1, rsa.Prime2, rsa.Exponent1, rsa.Exponent2, rsa.Coefficient);
try
{
var rsap = DotNetUtilities.ToRSA(rsaparams);
x509 = x509.CopyWithPrivateKey(rsap);
//x509.PrivateKey = ToDotNetKey(rsaparams);
}
catch(Exception ex)
{
;
}
//x509.PrivateKey = DotNetUtilities.ToRSA(rsaparams);
return x509;
}
public static AsymmetricAlgorithm ToDotNetKey(RsaPrivateCrtKeyParameters privateKey)
{
var cspParams = new CspParameters
{
KeyContainerName = Guid.NewGuid().ToString(),
KeyNumber = (int)KeyNumber.Exchange,
Flags = CspProviderFlags.UseMachineKeyStore
};
var rsaProvider = new RSACryptoServiceProvider(cspParams);
var parameters = new RSAParameters
{
Modulus = privateKey.Modulus.ToByteArrayUnsigned(),
P = privateKey.P.ToByteArrayUnsigned(),
Q = privateKey.Q.ToByteArrayUnsigned(),
DP = privateKey.DP.ToByteArrayUnsigned(),
DQ = privateKey.DQ.ToByteArrayUnsigned(),
InverseQ = privateKey.QInv.ToByteArrayUnsigned(),
D = privateKey.Exponent.ToByteArrayUnsigned(),
Exponent = privateKey.PublicExponent.ToByteArrayUnsigned()
};
rsaProvider.ImportParameters(parameters);
return rsaProvider;
}
public static X509Certificate2 GenerateCACertificate(string subjectName, ref AsymmetricKeyParameter CaPrivateKey)
{
const int keyStrength = 2048;
// Generating Random Numbers
CryptoApiRandomGenerator randomGenerator = new CryptoApiRandomGenerator();
SecureRandom random = new SecureRandom(randomGenerator);
// The Certificate Generator
X509V3CertificateGenerator certificateGenerator = new X509V3CertificateGenerator();
// Serial Number
BigInteger serialNumber = BigIntegers.CreateRandomInRange(BigInteger.One, BigInteger.ValueOf(Int64.MaxValue), random);
certificateGenerator.SetSerialNumber(serialNumber);
// Signature Algorithm
//const string signatureAlgorithm = "SHA256WithRSA";
//certificateGenerator.SetSignatureAlgorithm(signatureAlgorithm);
// Issuer and Subject Name
X509Name subjectDN = new X509Name(subjectName);
X509Name issuerDN = subjectDN;
certificateGenerator.SetIssuerDN(issuerDN);
certificateGenerator.SetSubjectDN(subjectDN);
// Valid For
DateTime notBefore = DateTime.UtcNow.Date;
DateTime notAfter = notBefore.AddYears(2);
certificateGenerator.SetNotBefore(notBefore);
certificateGenerator.SetNotAfter(notAfter);
// Subject Public Key
AsymmetricCipherKeyPair subjectKeyPair;
KeyGenerationParameters keyGenerationParameters = new KeyGenerationParameters(random, keyStrength);
RsaKeyPairGenerator keyPairGenerator = new RsaKeyPairGenerator();
keyPairGenerator.Init(keyGenerationParameters);
subjectKeyPair = keyPairGenerator.GenerateKeyPair();
certificateGenerator.SetPublicKey(subjectKeyPair.Public);
// Generating the Certificate
AsymmetricCipherKeyPair issuerKeyPair = subjectKeyPair;
// selfsign certificate
//Org.BouncyCastle.X509.X509Certificate certificate = certificateGenerator.Generate(issuerKeyPair.Private, random);
ISignatureFactory signatureFactory = new Asn1SignatureFactory("SHA512WITHRSA", issuerKeyPair.Private, random);
// selfsign certificate
Org.BouncyCastle.X509.X509Certificate certificate = certificateGenerator.Generate(signatureFactory);
X509Certificate2 x509 = new System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.X509Certificate2(certificate.GetEncoded());
CaPrivateKey = issuerKeyPair.Private;
return x509;
//return issuerKeyPair.Private;
}
public static bool addCertToStore(System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.X509Certificate2 cert, System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.StoreName st, System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.StoreLocation sl)
{
bool bRet = false;
try
{
X509Store store = new X509Store(st, sl);
store.Open(OpenFlags.ReadWrite);
store.Add(cert);
store.Close();
}
catch
{
}
return bRet;
}
protected internal static X509Certificate2 GetCertificateIfExist(string subjectName, StoreName store, StoreLocation location)
{
using (var certStore = new X509Store(store, location))
{
certStore.Open(OpenFlags.ReadOnly);
var certCollection = certStore.Certificates.Find(
X509FindType.FindBySubjectDistinguishedName, subjectName, false);
X509Certificate2 certificate = null;
if (certCollection.Count > 0)
{
certificate = certCollection[0];
}
return certificate;
}
}
}
}
OR 2:
services.AddDataProtection()
//.PersistKeysToFileSystem(new DirectoryInfo(#"c:\temp-keys"))
.ProtectKeysWithCertificate(
new X509Certificate2(Path.Combine(Directory.GetCurrentDirectory(), "clientCert.pfx"), "Password")
)
.UnprotectKeysWithAnyCertificate(
new X509Certificate2(Path.Combine(Directory.GetCurrentDirectory(), "clientCert.pfx"), "Password")
);
In Certificates Panel, right click some certificate -> All tasks -> Manage private key -> Add IIS_IUSRS User with full control
In my case, I didnt't need to install my certificate with "Allow private key to be exported" option checked, like said in other answers.

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