when I am running a Tcl script that contains the following lines:
set V [exec bjobs ]
puts "bjobs= ${V}"
When jobs are present it's working properly but, no jobs are running it is showing an error like this:
No unfinished job found
while executing
"exec bjobs "
invoked from within
"set V [exec bjobs ]"
How to avoid this error? Please let me know how to avoid this kind of errors.
It sounds to me like the bjobs program has a non-zero exit code in this case. The exec manual page includes this example in a subsection WORKING WITH NON-ZERO RESULTS:
To execute a program that can return a non-zero result, you should wrap
the call to exec in catch and check the contents of the -errorcode
return option if you have an error:
set status 0
if {[catch {exec grep foo bar.txt} results options]} {
set details [dict get $options -errorcode]
if {[lindex $details 0] eq "CHILDSTATUS"} {
set status [lindex $details 2]
} else {
# Some other error; regenerate it to let caller handle
return -options $options -level 0 $results
}
}
This is more easily written using the try command, as that makes it
simpler to trap specific types of errors. This is done using code like
this:
try {
set results [exec grep foo bar.txt]
set status 0
} trap CHILDSTATUS {results options} {
set status [lindex [dict get $options -errorcode] 2]
}
I think you could write this as:
try {
set V [exec bjobs ]
} trap CHILDSTATUS {message} {
# Not sure how you want to handle the case where there's nothing...
set V $message
}
puts "bjobs= ${V}"
if {[catch {exec bjobs} result]} {
puts "bjobs have some issues. Reason : $result"
} else {
puts "bjobs executed successfully. Result : $result"
}
Reference : catch
Note carefully in the exec man
page:
If any of the commands in the pipeline exit abnormally or are killed or
suspended, then exec will return an error [...]
If any of the commands
writes to its standard error file and that standard error is not
redirected and
-ignorestderr is not specified, then exec will return an
error.
So if bjobs returns non-zero or prints to stderr when there are no jobs, exec needs catch or try as Donal writes.
Suppose I'm running a Rscript from inside this shell script
#!/bin/bash
RES=$(./abc.R 100)
r_status=echo $?
There is some code in abc.R which stops its execution
#!/usr/bin/env Rscript
...
...
if(nrow(status) == 0)
{ stop("The list id is not present in requests table. Please check.") } else if (status != 'COMPLETED')
{ stop("The list is not in COMPLETED state. Please check.")}
...
...
I am not able to capture the exit status of abc.R in my shell script. It stops R execution and even quits from the shell script to the prompt.
Is there any way I can capture R's exit status.
Just run the script you want.
make sure it returns the correct exit status when finishing its run.
This should work:
#!/bin/bash
./abc.R 100
if [ $? == 0 ]; then
echo "Your script exited with exit status 0"
exit 0
see more here:
http://tldp.org/LDP/Bash-Beginners-Guide/html/sect_08_02.html
Can anyone guide to a document or explain on the below
how to use error handling in ksh.
How does Unix work on unhandled errors(like error happened in the
subscript etc..).
From ksh man page.
Unhandled errors
Errors detected by the shell, such as syntax errors, cause the shell to return a non-zero exit status. If the shell is being used
non-interactively, then execution of the shell
file is abandoned UNLESS the error occurs inside a subshell in which case the subshell is abandoned.
Error handling
Basically check exit/return codes to handle errors:
if [ $exit_code != 0 ]; then
# Your error handler
fi
Example
test_handler() {
ls file_not_present
if [ $? -eq 2 ]; then
echo "Handler for No such file or directory"
elif [ $? -ne 0]; then
echo "Handler for any other exception"
else
echo "Succesful execution"
fi
}
Will throw:
ls: cannot access non_file: No such file or directory
Handler for No such file or directory
But if the command does not exit:
test_handler() {
l file_not_present
if [ $? -eq 2 ]; then
echo "Handler for No such file or directory"
elif [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
echo "Handler for any other exception"
else
echo "Succesful execution"
fi
}
The output will be:
l: not found [No such file or directory]
Handler for any other exception
The shell returns
the exit status of the last command executed
(see also the exit command above). Run time errors detected by the shell are reported by printing the command or function name and
the error condition. If the line number that
the error occurred on is greater than one, then the line number is also printed in square brackets ([]) after the command or function
name.
I have the following as part of my code. But when it reaches this if block, if the condition evaluates to true, the print function is getting executed but the exit function is not. It just gets skipped. Is it because of some mistake in the if condition? Or will I have to share my full code?
if ( grep -i ERROR /tmp/swm_pkg_ros )
then
print "\nFailed. ...EXITING"
print "\n....you will need to fix the problem and rerun\n"
exit
else
print "Successful"
fi
It works fine for me:
if ( grep -i ERROR /tmp/swm_pkg_ros )
then
echo -e "\nFailed. ...EXITING\n....you will need to fix the problem and rerun"
exit 1
else
echo "Successful"
fi
you may print exit code echo $?
I want to differentiate the STDOUT and STDERR messages in my terminal.
If a script or command is printing a message in terminal I want to differentiate by colors; is it possible?
(E.g. stderr font color is red, and stdout font color is blue.)
Example (using bold):
$date
Wed Jul 27 12:36:50 IST 2011
$datee
bash: datee: command not found
$alias ls
alias ls='ls --color=auto -F'
$aliass ls
bash: aliass: command not found
Create a function in a bash shell or script:
color()(set -o pipefail;"$#" 2>&1>&3|sed $'s,.*,\e[31m&\e[m,'>&2)3>&1
Use it like this:
$ color command -program -args
It will show the command's stderr in red.
Keep reading for an explanation of how it works. There are some interesting features demonstrated by this command.
color()... — Creates a bash function called color.
set -o pipefail — This is a shell option that preserves the error return code of a command whose output is piped into another command. This is done in a subshell, which is created by the parentheses, so as not to change the pipefail option in the outer shell.
"$#" — Executes the arguments to the function as a new command. "$#" is equivalent to "$1" "$2" ...
2>&1 — Redirects the stderr of the command to stdout so that it becomes sed's stdin.
>&3 — Shorthand for 1>&3, this redirects stdout to a new temporary file descriptor 3. 3 gets routed back into stdout later.
sed ... — Because of the redirects above, sed's stdin is the stderr of the executed command. Its function is to surround each line with color codes.
$'...' A bash construct that causes it to understand backslash-escaped characters
.* — Matches the entire line.
\e[31m — The ANSI escape sequence that causes the following characters to be red
& — The sed replace character that expands to the entire matched string (the entire line in this case).
\e[m — The ANSI escape sequence that resets the color.
>&2 — Shorthand for 1>&2, this redirects sed's stdout to stderr.
3>&1 — Redirects the temporary file descriptor 3 back into stdout.
Here's a hack that I thought of and it seems to work:
Given the following aliases for readability:
alias blue='echo -en "\033[36m"'
alias red='echo -en "\033[31m"'
alias formatOutput='while read line; do blue; echo $line; red; done'
Now, you need to first set the font color in your terminal to red (as the default, which will be used for stderr).
Then, run your command and pipe the stdout through formatOutput defined above (which simply prints each line as blue and then resets the font color to red):
shell$ red
shell$ ls / somenonexistingfile | formatOutput
The above command will print in both stderr and stdout and you'll see that the lines are coloured differently.
Hope this helps
UPDATE:
To make this reusable, I've put it all in a small script:
$ cat bin/run
#!/bin/bash
echo -en "\033[31m" ## red
eval $* | while read line; do
echo -en "\033[36m" ## blue
echo $line
echo -en "\033[31m" ## red
done
echo -en "\033[0m" ## reset color
Now you can use this with any command:
$ run yourCommand
I color stderr red by linking the file descriptor to a custom function that adds color to everything that goes through it. Add to following to your .bashrc:
export COLOR_RED="$(tput setaf 1)"
export COLOR_RESET="$(tput sgr0)"
exec 9>&2
exec 8> >(
perl -e '$|=1; while(sysread STDIN,$a,9999) {print
"$ENV{COLOR_RED}$a$ENV{COLOR_RESET}"}'
)
function undirect(){ exec 2>&9; }
function redirect(){ exec 2>&8; }
trap "redirect;" DEBUG
PROMPT_COMMAND='undirect;'
So what is happening? The debug trap is executed just before and immediately after executing a command. stderr is thus redirected before a command is executed to enable red output. PROMPT_COMMAND is evaluated before the prompt is shown and with this I restore stderr to its normal state. This is necessary because PS1 and PS2 (your prompt) are printed over stderr and I do not want a red prompt. voila, red output over stderr!
You should check out stderred: https://github.com/sickill/stderred
Yes it's not possible natively. You'll have to hack the tty management (in the kernel).
I somehow finished some little C wrapper before I saw the other answers :-)
Might be buggy, and values are hardcoded, don't use this except for testing.
#include "unistd.h"
#include "stdio.h"
#include <sys/select.h>
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
char buf[1024];
int pout[2], perr[2];
pipe(pout); pipe(perr);
if (fork()!=0)
{
close(1); close(2);
dup2(pout[1],1); dup2(perr[1],2);
close(pout[1]); close(perr[1]);
execvp(argv[1], argv+1);
fprintf(stderr,"exec failed\n");
return 0;
}
close(pout[1]); close(perr[1]);
while (1)
{
fd_set fds;
FD_ZERO(&fds);
FD_SET(pout[0], &fds);
FD_SET(perr[0], &fds);
int max = pout[0] > perr[0] ? pout[0] : perr[0];
int v = select(max+1, &fds, NULL, NULL, NULL);
if (FD_ISSET(pout[0], &fds))
{
int r;
r = read(pout[0], buf, 1024);
if (!r) {close(pout[0]); continue;}
write(1, "\033[33m", 5);
write(1, buf, r);
write(1, "\033[0m", 4);
}
if (FD_ISSET(perr[0], &fds))
{
int r;
r = read(perr[0], buf, 1024);
if (!r) {close(perr[0]); continue;}
write(2, "\033[31m", 5);
write(2, buf, r);
write(2, "\033[0m", 4);
}
if (v <= 0) break;
}
return 0;
}
Edit: Compared to the shell solution, this one will preserve the order of lines/characters more often. (It's not possible to be as accurate as direct tty reading.) Hitting ^C won't show an ugly error message, and it behaves correctly on this example:
./c_color_script sh -c "while true; do (echo -n a; echo -n b 1>&2) done"
I'm surprised that nobody has actually figured out how to color stdio streams. This will color stderr red for the entire (sub)shell:
exec 3>&2
exec 2> >(sed -u 's/^\(.*\)$/'$'\e''[31m\1'$'\e''[m/' >&3)
In this case, &3 will hold the original stderr stream.
You should not be passing any commands to exec, only the redirects. This special case causes exec to replace the current (sub)shell's stdio streams with those that it receives.
There are a few caveats:
Since sed will be running persistently in a parallel subshell, any direct output immediately following a write to the colored stdio will probably beat sed to the tty.
This method uses a FIFO file descriptor; FIFO nodes only deal in lines. If you don't write a linefeed to the stream, your output will be buffered until a newline is encountered. This is not buffering on sed's part: it's how these file types function.
The most troublesome of the caveats is the first, but a race condition can be more or less avoided by applying similar processing to all outputs, even if you use the default color.
You can perform similar processing for single commands by piping to the same sed command with the normal pipe operator (|). Piped chains are executed synchronously, so no race condition will occur, though the last command in a pipe chain receives its own subshell by default.
Expanding on the answer #gospes gave, I added the functionality to print out partial lines without waiting for a newline, and some comments. Allows for better output from wget or typing in a interactive shell.
exec 9>&2
exec 8> >(
while [ "$r" != "1" ]; do
# read input, no field separators or backslash escaping, 1/20th second timeout
IFS='' read -rt 0.05 line
r=$?
# if we have input, print the color change control char and what input we have
if ! [ "${#line}" = "0" ]; then
echo -ne "\e[1;33m${line}"
fi
# end of line detected, print default color control char and newline
if [ "$r" = "0" ] ; then
echo -e "\e[0m"
fi
# slow infinite loops on unexpected returns - shouldn't happen
if ! [ "$r" = "0" ] && ! [ "$r" = "142" ]; then
sleep 0.05
fi
done
)
function undirect(){ exec 2>&9; }
function redirect(){ exec 2>&8; }
trap "redirect;" DEBUG
PROMPT_COMMAND='undirect;'
I used bold yellow (1;33) but you can replace it with whatever, red for example (31) or bold red (1;33), and I arbitrarily chose 0.05 seconds for re-checking for end-of-lines and pausing on unexpected return codes (never found any); it could probably be lowered, or possibly removed from the read command.
You can make use of grep for this. Note that this assumes that grep is configured to have coloured output (this is the default on many systems).
$ aliass ls 2> >(GREP_COLORS='ms=01;31' grep .) 1> >(GREP_COLORS='ms=01;32' grep .)
aliass: command not found
This is a little long winded, if you are simply wanting to distinguish stderr fromstdout you can simply do this:
$ (echo "this is stdout"; echo "this is stderr" >&2) | grep .
this is stderr
this is stdout
This will result in stdout being highlighted with the default grep colour and stderr being white.
This might be the opposite of what you want if your default grep colour is red. If so you can explicitly set the grep colour to green:
$ GREP_COLORS='ms=01;32'
$ (echo "this is stdout"; echo "this is stderr" >&2) | grep .
If you explicitly want to get red output for stderr:
$ GREP_COLORS='ms=01;31'
$ (echo "this is stdout"; echo "this is stderr" >&2) 2> >(grep .)
Note that this solution will not preserve the output order.