I am trying to create a script that will generate a 2d topographic or contour map for a given set of coordinates. My goal is something similar to what is produced by
contour(volcano)
but for any location set by the user. This has proved surprisingly challenging! I have tried:
library(elevatr)
library(tidyr)
# Generate a data frame of lat/long coordinates.
ex.df <- data.frame(x=seq(from=-73, to=-71, length.out=10),
y=seq(from=41, to=45, length.out=10))
# Specify projection.
prj_dd <- "+proj=longlat +ellps=WGS84 +datum=WGS84 +no_defs"
# Use elevatr package to get elevation data for each point.
df.sp <- get_elev_point(ex.df, prj = prj_dd, src = "epqs")
# Convert from spatial to regular data frame, remove extra column.
# Use tidyr to convert to lat x lon table with elevation as fill.
# Sorry for the terrible code, I know this is sloppy.
df <- as.data.frame(df.sp)
df$elev_units <- NULL
df.w <- df %>% spread(y, elevation)
df.w <- as.matrix(df.w)
This creates a matrix similar to the volcano dataset but filled with NAs except for the 10 lat/lon pairs with elevation data. contour can handle NAs, but the result of contour(df.w) has only a single tiny line on it. I'm not sure where to go from here. Do I simply need more points? Thanks in advance for any help--I'm pretty new to R and I think I've bitten off more than I can chew with this project.
Sorry for delay in responding. I suppose I need to check SO for elevatr questions!
I would use elevatr::get_elev_raster(), which returns a raster object which can be plotted directly with raster::contour().
Code example below grabs a smaller area and at a pretty coarse resolution. Resultant contour looks decent though.
library(elevatr)
library(raster)
# Generate a data frame of lat/long coordinates.
ex.df <- data.frame(x=seq(from=-73, to=-72.5, length.out=10),
y=seq(from=41, to=41.5, length.out=10))
# Specify projection.
prj_dd <- "+proj=longlat +ellps=WGS84 +datum=WGS84 +no_defs"
# Use elevatr package to get elevation data for each point.
elev <- get_elev_raster(ex.df, prj = prj_dd, z = 10, clip = "bbox")
raster::contour(elev)
If it is a requirement to use graphic::contour(), you'll need to convert the raster object to a matrix first with raster::as.matrix(elev). That flips the coords though and I haven't spent enough time to try and get that part figured out... Hopefully the raster solution works for you.
Related
i'm new in the R world and i'm trying to do a species distribution model, but when i plot my result, the points stay out from my map, i tried to change CRS but i didn't solve my problem, now i'll go to show you my code
library(dismo)
library(raster)
library(dplyr)
library(rnaturalearth)
Here i downloaded my species from gbif
gbif("Miniopterus", "schreibersii" , download=F)
minio<- gbif("Miniopterus", "schreibersii" , download=T) #you need 2 min approximately
i saw the basis of record and then i selected 2 different types
table(minio$basisOfRecord)
#Filter data minio----
minio<- minio%>%
filter(!is.na(lat))%>%
filter(!is.na(lon))%>%
filter(year>1980)%>%
filter(basisOfRecord %in% c("HUMAN_OBSERVATION", "OBSERVATION"))
class(minio)
nrow(minio)
i selected only longitude and latitude
miniogeo<-minio%>%
select(lon,lat)
head(miniogeo)
miniogeo$species<-1
head(miniogeo)
nrow(miniogeo)
And i created the coordinates and set the crs
coordinates(miniogeo) <-c("lon","lat")
crs(miniogeo) <- "+proj=longlat +ellps=WGS84 +datum=WGS84 +no_defs"
proj4string(miniogeo) <- CRS("+init=epsg:4326")
Here start problems for me, i tried a lot of type of function for create a map but this is the most efficient (the most efficient of those functions I have found). I need to have a zoom of spain and portugal, and i need to exclude "Africa".
Europe <- ne_countries(scale="medium", type="map_units", returnclass="sf", continent="Europe")
Worldclim<-raster::getData('worldclim', var='bio', res=2.5)
Europe <- Europe %>%
dplyr::select(geometry,name_long) %>%
filter(name_long!='Russian Federation')
plot(Worldclim[[1]]) #or plot(worldclim$bio1)
plot(st_geometry(Europe))
points(miniogeo, cex=0.1)
envData<-crop(Worldclim, Europe)
EuropePred <- mask(envData, Europe) #we create a new raster without NA value
And here i plotted my points but, as you can see, my points went out of my map
plot(EuropePred[[1]]) #example
points(miniogeo, cex=0.2)
then i tried to do a zoom to Spain and Portugal.
extSpnPrt<-extent(c(-11,10,35,56))
miniogeo<-crop(miniogeo,extSpnPrt)
SpainPort<-crop(EuropePred,extSpnPrt)
plot(SpainPort$bio2)
points(miniogeo, cex=0.1)
There is someone that can understand my problem? i'm really really sorry, i tried a lot of time for undestand better but my level in R is so basics for now.
I say thank you to all that dedicate the time for read this. I hope you have a good day
This is the result of my map with only geometry and with worldclim data
enter image description here
One way to create a SpatialPointsDataFrame from your data.frame minio is:
coordinates(minio) <- ~ lon + lat
crs(minio) <- "+proj=longlat"
This is NOT correct:
coordinates(minio) <- c("lon", "lat")
Result:
plot(minio, cex=.5, col="red")
lines(as(Europe, "Spatial"))
I am trying to calculate average annual temperatures for grid cells of 11x11km (except if the cell is coastal, the size is smaller) using the CRU database. The CRS of both vector and raster are the same. However, 332 out of 1363 cells show NA values after the extraction. I want to fill in the NA values before using the dataset for further analysis. Any idea of how I could deal with these missing values? I have looked at several possible solutions on this forum (and others). Unfortunately, none of them don’t seem to apply to my case.
Below are the details of my workflow:
# load the temperature dataset
temp <- brick("/CRU/cru_ts4.02.1901.2017.tmp.dat.nc", varname="tmp")
# set CRS for temp
utm = "+proj=utm +zone=49 +datum=WGS84 +towgs84=0,0,0"
tempro = projectRaster(temp, crs = utm, method = "bilinear")
# load the grid cells (in polygons) & set its CRS
fish <- st_read("/CRU/fish11.shp")
fishpro <- st_transform(fish, "+proj=utm +zone=49 +datum=WGS84 +towgs84=0,0,0")
# extract the temperature dataset
tempgrid <- extract(tempro, fishpro, fun='mean', na.rm=TRUE, df=TRUE, weights = TRUE, small = TRUE,
method='bilinear')
write.csv(tempgrid, file="temp.csv")
whereas the map is:
temperature
I do not think there is a simple answer to your question. Apparently the polygons are not over land; but we cannot tell as we do not have your data. It could also be that the UTM zone chosen is not appropriate.
I can say that what you are doing is wrong. If you need to transform the data; you should transform the vector data, not the raster data (even if that should not affect the NA problem much, if at all).
library(raster)
temp <- brick("/CRU/cru_ts4.02.1901.2017.tmp.dat.nc", varname="tmp")
fish <- st_read("/CRU/fish11.shp")
fishpro <- st_transform(fish, "+proj=longlat +datum=WGS84")
tempgrid <- extract(temp, fishpro, fun='mean', na.rm=TRUE, df=TRUE, small = TRUE)
You could also make a map to see what is going on (and perhaps include that as an image in your quesiton.
x <- crop(temp[[1]], extent(fishpro)+1)
plot(x)
lines(fishpro)
1. The problem
I'm trying to extract the intersection of two polygons shapes in R. The first is the watershed polygon "ws_polygon_2", and the second is the Voronoi polygons of 5 rain gauges which was constructed from the Excel sheet "DATA.xlsx", both available here: link.
The code is the following:
#[1] Montagem da tabela de coordenadas dos postos pluviométricos
library(sp)
library(readxl)
dados_precipitacao_1985 <- read_excel(path="C:/Users/.../DATA.xlsx")
coordinates(dados_precipitacao_1985) <- ~ x + y
proj4string(dados_precipitacao_1985) <- CRS("+proj=longlat +datum=WGS84")
d_prec <- spTransform(dados_precipitacao_1985, CRSobj = "+init=epsg:3857")
#[2] Coleta dos dados espaciais da bacia hidrográfica
library(rgdal)
bacia_Caio_Prado <- readOGR(dsn="C:/Users/...", layer="ws_polygon_2")
bacia_WGS <- spTransform(bacia_Caio_Prado, CRSobj = "+proj=longlat +datum=WGS84")
bacia_UTM <- spTransform(bacia_Caio_Prado, CRSobj = "+init=epsg:3857")
#[3] Poligonos de Thiessen - 1 INTERPOLAÇÃO
library(dismo)
library(rgeos)
library(raster)
library(mapview)
limits_voronoi_WGS <- c(-40.00,-38.90,-5.00,-4.50)
v_WGS <- voronoi(dados_precipitacao_1985, ext=limits_voronoi_WGS)
bc <- aggregate(bacia_WGS)
u_WGS_1 <- gIntersection(spgeom1 = v_WGS, spgeom2 = bc,byid=TRUE)
u_WGS_2 <- intersect(bc, v_WGS)
When I apply the intersect function, the variable returned u_WGS_2 is a spatial polygon data frame with only 4 features, instead of 5. The Voronoi object v_WGS has 5 features as well.
By other hand, when I apply the gIntesection function, I get 5 features. However, the u_WGS_1 object is a spatial polygon only and I loss the rainfall data.
I'd like to know if I am committing any mistake or if there is any way to get the 5 features aggregated with the rainfall data in a spatial polygon data frame through the intersect function.
My objective is to transform this spatial polygon data frame with the rainfall data for each Voronoi polygon in a raster through the rasterize function later to compare with other interpolating results and satellite data.
Look these results. The first one is when I get the SPDF (Spatial Polygon Data Frame) I want, but missing the 5º feature. The second is the one I get with all the features I want, but missing the rainfall data.
spplot(u_WGS_2, 'JAN')
plot(u_WGS_1)
2. What I've tried
I look into the ws_polygon_2 shape searching for any other unwanted polygon who would pollute the shape and guide to this results. The shape is composed by only one polygon feature, the correct watershed feature.
I tried to use the aggregate function, as above, and as I saw in this tutorial. But I got the same result.
I tried to create a SPDF with de u_WGS_1 and the d_precSpatial Point Data Frame object. Actually, I'm working on it. And if it is the correct answer to my trouble, please help me with some code.
Thank you!
This is not an issue when using st_intersection() from sf, which retains the data from both data sets. Mind that dismo::voronoi() is compatible with sp objects only, so the precipitation data needs to be available in that format, at least temporarily. If you do not feel comfortable with sf and prefer to continue working with Spatial* objects after the actual intersection, simply invoke the as() method upon the output sf object as shown below.
library(sf)
#[1] Montagem da tabela de coordenadas dos postos pluviométricos
dados_precipitacao_1985 <- readxl::read_excel(path="data/DATA.xlsx")
dados_precipitacao_1985 <- st_as_sf(dados_precipitacao_1985, coords = c("x", "y"), crs = 4326)
dados_precipitacao_1985_sp <- as(dados_precipitacao_1985, "Spatial")
#[2] Coleta dos dados espaciais da bacia hidrográfica
bacia_Caio_Prado <- st_read(dsn="data/SHAPE_CORRIGIDO", layer="ws_polygon_2")
#[3] Poligonos de Thiessen - 1 INTERPOLAÇÃO
limits_voronoi_WGS <- c(-40.00,-38.90,-5.00,-4.50)
v_WGS <- dismo::voronoi(dados_precipitacao_1985_sp, ext=limits_voronoi_WGS)
v_WGS_sf <- st_as_sf(v_WGS)
u_WGS_3 <- st_intersection(bacia_Caio_Prado, v_WGS_sf)
plot(u_WGS_3[, 6], key.pos = 1)
The missing polygon is removed because it is invalid
library(raster)
bacia <- shapefile("SHAPE_CORRIGIDO/ws_polygon_2.shp")
rgeos::gIsValid(bacia)
#[1] FALSE
#Warning message:
#In RGEOSUnaryPredFunc(spgeom, byid, "rgeos_isvalid") :
# Ring Self-intersection at or near point -39.070555560000003 -4.8419444399999998
The self-intersection is here:
zoom(bacia, ext=extent(-39.07828, -39.06074, -4.85128, -4.83396))
points(cbind( -39.070555560000003, -4.8419444399999998))
Invalid polygons are removed as they are assumed to have been produced by intersect. In this case, the invalid data was already there and should have been retained. I will see if I can fix that.
I'm trying to use R to perform a map of interpolated frequencies of data collected from Iberian Peninsula. (something like this https://gis.stackexchange.com/questions/147660/strange-spatial-interpolation-results-from-ordinary-kriging )
My problem is that the plot is not showing the interpolated data, due to some kind of error in the atributte new_data of the autokrige function.
https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/automap/automap.pdf
new_data:
A sp object containing the prediction locations. new_data can be a points set, a
grid or a polygon. Must not contain NA’s. If this object is not provided a default is calculated. This is done by taking the convex hull of input_data and placing around 5000 gridcells in that convex hull.
I think the problem is that R is not reading well the map transformed to poligons because if I avoid this new_data attribute I get a propper plot of the krigging values. but I do not obtain a good shape of the iberian peninsula.
Can someone help me please? I would be truly grateful
here you can see my data: http://pastebin.com/QHjn4qjP
Actual code:
now since I transform my data coordinates to UTM projection i do not get error messages but the last plot is not interpolated, the whole map appear of one single color :(
setwd("C:/Users/Ruth/Dropbox/R/pruebas")
#Libraries
library(maps)
library(mapdata)
library(automap)
library(sp)
library(maptools)
library(raster)
library(rgdal)
####################MAPA#############
#obtain the grid of the desired country
map<-getData('GADM', country='ESP', level=0)
#convert the grid to projected data
mapa.utm<-spTransform(mapa3,CRSobj =CRS(" +proj=utm +zone=29 +zone=30 +zone=31 +ellps=WGS84"))
###############################Datos#######################
#submit the data
data1<-read.table("FRECUENCIASH.txt",header=T)
head(data1)
attach(data1)
#convert longlat coordinates to UTM
coordinates(data1)<-c("X","Y")
proj4string(data1) = CRS("+proj=longlat +datum=WGS84")
data1.utm=spTransform(data1, CRS("+proj=utm +zone=29 +zone=30 +zone=31 +ellps=WGS84 "))
######################Kriging interpolation #####################
#Performs an automatic interpolation
kriging_result<-autoKrige(Z~1,data1.utm,mapa.utm,data_variogram = data1.utm)
#Plot the kriging
result1<-automapPlot(kriging_result$krige_output,"var1.pred",sp.layout = list("sp.points", data1.utm));result1
result2<-plot(kriging_result);result2
The error you get is related to the fact you are using unprojected data as input for automap. Automap can only deal with projected data. Googling for map projections should give you some background information. To project your data to a suitable projection, you can use spTransform from the sp package.
The fact that it works without newdata is because in that object the projection is not set, so automap cannot warn you. However, the results of automap with latlon input data is not reliable.
I have downloaded a text file of data from the following link: http://radon.unibas.ch/files/us_rn_50km.zip
After unzipping I use the following lines of code to plot up the data:
# load libraries
library(fields)
# function to rotate a matrix (and transpose)
rotate <- function(x) t(apply(x, 2, rev))
# read data
data <- as.matrix(read.table("~/Downloads/us_rn_50km.txt", skip=6))
data[data<=0] <- NA
# rotate data
data <- rotate(data)
# plot data
mean.rn <- mean(data, na.rm=T)
image.plot(data, main=paste("Mean Rn emissions =", sprintf("%.3f", mean.rn)) )
This all looks OK, but I want to be able to plot the data on a lat-long grid. I think I need to convert this array into an sp class object but I don't know how. I know the following (from the web site): "The projection used to project the latitude and longitude coordinates is that used for the Decade of North American Geology (DNAG) maps. The projection type is Spherical Transverse Mercator with a base latitude of zero degrees and a reference longitude of 100 degrees W. The scale factor used is 0.926 with no false easting or northing. The longitude-latitude datum is NAD27 and the units of the xy-coordinates are in meters. The ellipsoid used is Clarke 1866. The resolution of the map is 50x50km". But don't know what to do with this data. I tried:
proj4string(data)=CRS("+init=epsg:4267")
data.sp <- SpatialPoints(data, CRS("+proj=longlat+ellps=clrk66+datum=NAD27") )
But had various problems (with NA's) and fundamentally I think that the data isn't in the right format.. I think that the SpatialPoints function wants a data on location (in 2-D) and a third array of values associated with those locations (x,y,z data - I guess my problem is working out the x and the y's from my data!)
Any help greatly appreciated!
Thanks,
Alex
The file in question is an ASCII raster grid. Coordinates are implicit in this format; a header describes the position of the (usually) lower left corner, as well as the grid dimensions and resolution. After this header section, values separated by white space describe how the variable varies across the grid, with values given in row-major order. Open it in a text editor if you're interested.
You can import such files to R with the fantastic raster package, as follows:
download.file('http://radon.unibas.ch/files/us_rn_50km.zip',
destfile={f <- tempfile()})
unzip(f, exdir=tempdir())
r <- raster(file.path(tempdir(), 'us_rn_50km.txt'))
You can plot it immediately, without assigning the projection:
If you didn't want to transform it to another CRS, you wouldn't necessarily need to assign the current coordinate system. But since you do want to transform it to WGS84 (geographic), you need to first assign the CRS:
proj4string(r) <- '+proj=tmerc +lon_0=-100 +lat_0=0 +k_0=0.926 +datum=NAD27 +ellps=clrk66 +a=6378137 +b=6378137 +units=m +no_defs'
Unfortunately I'm not entirely sure whether this proj4string correctly reflects the info given at the website that provided the data (it would be great if they actually provided the definition in a standard format).
After assigning the CRS, you can project the raster with projectRaster:
r.wgs84 <- projectRaster(r, crs='+init=epsg:4326')
And if you want, write it out to a raster format of your choice, e.g.:
writeRaster(r.wgs84, filename='whatever.tif')