How to add subtext to axes in ggplot2 R - r

Question

For the main y-axis and x-axis, I have generic titles like "Tank's Ratio" and "Counts". I want a second line of label where I specify the ratio and counts. eg. Just below "Tank's Ratio" I want "# in water/# in sand" in a smaller font but along the y-axis. Similarly for the x-axis.
Here is the basic code
data <- data.frame(set = c(1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4), density = c(1, 3, 3, 1, 3, 1, 1, 1, 3, 3, 1, 3), counts = c(100, 2, 3, 76, 33, 12, 44, 13, 54, 36, 65, 1), ratio = c(1, 2, 3, 4, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 90, 1))
library(ggplot2)
ggplot(data, aes(x = counts, y = ratio)) +
geom_point() +
ylab("Tank's Ratio") +
xlab("Counts")

Answer 1

You can add x and main titles.
EDIT: This is ridiculously slooow!
#library(extrafont)
#loadfonts(dev="win")
library(tidyverse)
data %>%
ggplot(aes(x=counts, y=ratio)) + geom_point() +
labs(y=expression(atop(bold("Tank's Ratio"),atop(italic("#in water #in sand")))))+
theme_minimal()+
theme(axis.title.y = element_text(size=15,family="Comic Sans MS"))
ORIGINAL:
library(tidyverse)
data %>%
ggplot(aes(x=counts, y=ratio)) + geom_point() +
labs(y="Tank's Ratio \n #in Water#in sand")

Answer 2

It's not the most elegant solution, but hope it helps:
library(ggplot2)
library(gridExtra)
library(grid)
First, create plot without ylab:
g <- ggplot(data, aes(x = counts, y = ratio)) +
geom_point() +
ylab("") +
xlab("Counts")
Then add subtitle for both axis:
g2 <- grid.arrange(g,
bottom = textGrob("in water/ # in sand",
x = 0.55, y = 1, gp = gpar(fontsize = 9)),
left = textGrob("in water/ # in sand", rot = 90,
x = 1.5, gp = gpar(fontsize = 9)))
And finally, add description of y-axis
grid.arrange(g2,
left = textGrob("Tank's Ratio", rot = 90,
x = 1.7, gp = gpar(fontsize = 12)))

Answer 3

You could use the following code, defining the margins, the axis titles and sub-titles yourself:
We use theme to increase the bottom and left margin, and to suppress the automatically generated axis titles.
We use annotate to generate the text that serves as axis title and sub-title, if necessary, the text is rotated.
We generate the plot, turn it in a grob, and with this grob we can turn of clipping, and show the plot.
g1 <- ggplot(data = data, aes(x = counts, y = ratio, group = 1)) +
geom_point() +
## increase margin size for left and bottom and
## remove the axis titles
theme(plot.margin = unit(c(1, 1, 4, 4), "lines"),
axis.title.y = element_blank(),
axis.title.x = element_blank() ) +
## define the plotting area to NOT include the annotations
coord_cartesian(xlim = c(0, 100), ylim= c(0, 100), expand = FALSE) +
## annotate y axis
annotate(geom = "text", x = -9, y = 50, label = "Tank's Ratio", angle = 90, size = 5) +
annotate(geom = "text", x = -5, y = 50, label = "#in water/#in sand", angle = 90, size = 4) +
## annotate x axis
annotate(geom = "text", x = 50, y = -5, label = "Counts", size = 5) +
annotate(geom = "text", x = 50, y = -9, label = "#in water/#in sand", size = 4)
## turn off clipping for axis extra labels
g2 <- ggplot_gtable(ggplot_build(g1))
g2$layout$clip[g2$layout$name == "panel"] <- "off"
grid::grid.draw(g2)
This yields the following picture:
Please let me know whether this is what you want.