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I'm trying to get the data stream of a sensor transmitter that uses the modbus rtu communication protocol on my raspberry pi 3B. I'm able to get the data with the pymodbus2.5.3 library.
For this I use this code:
from pymodbus.client.sync import ModbusSerialClient # Import the pymodbus library part for syncronous master (=client)
client = ModbusSerialClient(
method='rtu', #Modbus Modus = RTU = via USB & RS485
port='/dev/ttyUSB0', #Connected over ttyUSB0, not AMA0
baudrate=19200, #Baudrate was changed from 38400 to 19200
timeout=3, #
parity='N', #Parity = None
stopbits=2, #Bites was changed from 1 to 2
bytesize=8 #
)
if client.connect(): # Trying to connect to Modbus Server/Slave
#Reading from a holding register
res = client.read_holding_registers(address=100, count=8, unit=1) #Startregister = 100, Registers to be read = 8, Answer size = 1 byte
if not res.isError(): #If Registers don't show Error
print(res.registers) #Print content of registers
else:
print(res) #Print Error Message, for meaning look at (insert git hub)
else: #If not able to connect, do this
print('Cannot connect to the Transmitter M80 SM and Sensor InPro 5000i.')
print('Please check the following things:')
print('Does the RS485-to-USB Adapter have power? Which LEDs are active?')
print('Are the cables connected correctly?')
And get the following output:
[15872, 17996, 16828, 15728, 16283, 45436, 16355, 63231]
With the help of the Modbus Poll and Slave Programms I know that those results should decoded be:
[0.125268, --, 23.53, --, 1.21094, --, 1.77344, --]
To get to the right results I tried the command that the pymodbus github suggests .decode():
res.decode(word_order = little, byte_order = little, formatters = float64)
[I know that those aren't the needed options but I copied the suggested github code to check if it works.]
After putting the code segment into the code the changed part looks like this:
if not res.isError(): #If Registers don't show Error
res.decode(word_order = little, byte_order = little, formatters = float64)
print(res.registers) #Print content of registers
else:
print(res) #Print Error Message, for meaning look at (insert git hub)
When I run this code, I get the following output, that traces to the decoding segment:
NameError: name 'little' is not defined
After this, I imported also the pymodbus part translation. But it showed the same output.
How can I decode my incoming data?
You can use BinaryPayloadDecoder to help decoding your payload, here is a simplified example, change Endian.Big and Endian.Little if needed.
if client.connect(): # Trying to connect to Modbus Server/Slave
#Reading from a holding register
res = client.read_holding_registers(address=100, count=8, unit=1) #Startregister = 100, Registers to be read = 8, Answer size = 1 byte
# ====== added code start ======
decoder = BinaryPayloadDecoder.fromRegisters(res.registers, Endian.Little, wordorder=Endian.Little)
first_reading = decoder.decode_32bit_float()
second_reading = decoder.decode_32bit_float()
# ====== added code end ======
if not res.isError(): #If Registers don't show Error
print(res.registers) #Print content of registers
else:
print(res) #Print Error Message, for meaning look at (insert git hub)
Remember to import from pymodbus.payload import BinaryPayloadDecoder at top and add necessary exception handlers in your final code.
Reference document: https://pymodbus.readthedocs.io/en/latest/source/library/pymodbus.html#pymodbus.payload.BinaryPayloadDecoder
I've started a project where I need to actively (all the time) scan for BLE Devices. I'm on Linux, using Bluez 5.49 and I use Python to communicate with dbus 1.10.20).
I' m able to start scanning, stop scanning with bluetoothctl and get the BLE Advertisement data through DBus (GetManagedObjects() of the BlueZ interface). The problem I have is when I let the scanning for many hours, dbus-deamon start to take more and more of the RAM and I'm not able to find how to "flush" what dbus has gathered from BlueZ. Eventually the RAM become full and Linux isn't happy.
So I've tried not to scan for the entire time, that would maybe let the Garbage collector do its cleanup. It didn't work.
I've edited the /etc/dbus-1/system.d/bluetooth.conf to remove any interface that I didn't need
<policy user="root">
<allow own="org.bluez"/>
<allow send_destination="org.bluez"/>
</policy>
That has slow down the RAM build-up but didn't solve the issue.
I've found a way to inspect which connection has byte waiting and confirmed that it comes from blueZ
Connection :1.74 with pid 3622 '/usr/libexec/bluetooth/bluetoothd --experimental ' (org.bluez):
IncomingBytes=1253544
PeakIncomingBytes=1313072
OutgoingBytes=0
PeakOutgoingBytes=210
and lastly, I've found that someone needs to read what is waiting in DBus in order to free the memory. So I've found this : https://stackoverflow.com/a/60665430/15325057
And I receive the data that BlueZ is sending over but the memory still built-up.
The only way I know to free up dbus is to reboot linux. which is not ideal.
I'm coming at the end of what I understand of DBus and that's why I'm here today.
If you have any insight that could help me to free dbus from BlueZ messages, it would be highly appreciated.
Thanks in advance
EDIT Adding the DBus code i use to read the discovered devices:
#!/usr/bin/python3
import dbus
BLUEZ_SERVICE_NAME = "org.bluez"
DBUS_OM_IFACE = "org.freedesktop.DBus.ObjectManager"
DEVICES_IFACE = "org.bluez.Device1"
def main_loop(subproc):
devinfo = None
objects = None
dbussys = dbus.SystemBus()
dbusconnection = dbussys.get_object(BLUEZ_SERVICE_NAME, "/")
bluezInterface = dbus.Interface(dbusconnection, DBUS_OM_IFACE)
while True:
try:
objects = bluezInterface.GetManagedObjects()
except dbus.DBusException as err:
print("dbus Error : " + str(err))
pass
all_devices = (str(path) for path, interfaces in objects.items() if DEVICES_IFACE in interfaces.keys())
for path, interfaces in objects.items():
if "org.bluez.Adapter1" not in interfaces.keys():
continue
device_list = [d for d in all_devices if d.startswith(path + "/")]
for dev_path in device_list:
properties = objects[dev_path][DEVICES_IFACE]
if "ServiceData" in properties.keys() and "Name" in properties.keys() and "RSSI" in properties.keys():
#[... Do someting...]
Indeed, Bluez flushes memory when you stop discovering. So in order to scan continuously you need start and stop the discovery all the time. I discover for 6 seconds, wait 1 second and then start discovering for 6 seconds again...and so on. If you check the logs you will see it deletes a lot of stuff when stopping discovery.
I can't really reproduce your error exactly but my system is not happy running that fast while loop repeatedly getting the data from GetManagedObjects.
Below is the code I ran based on your code with a little bit of refactoring...
import dbus
BLUEZ_SERVICE_NAME = "org.bluez"
DBUS_OM_IFACE = "org.freedesktop.DBus.ObjectManager"
ADAPTER_IFACE = "org.bluez.Adapter1"
DEVICES_IFACE = "org.bluez.Device1"
def main_loop():
devinfo = None
objects = None
dbussys = dbus.SystemBus()
dbusconnection = dbussys.get_object(BLUEZ_SERVICE_NAME, "/")
bluezInterface = dbus.Interface(dbusconnection, DBUS_OM_IFACE)
while True:
objects = bluezInterface.GetManagedObjects()
for path in objects:
name = objects[path].get(DEVICES_IFACE, {}).get('Name')
rssi = objects[path].get(DEVICES_IFACE, {}).get('RSSI')
service_data = objects[path].get(DEVICES_IFACE, {}).get('ServiceData')
if all((name, rssi, service_data)):
print(f'{name} # {rssi} = {service_data}')
#[... Do someting...]
if __name__ == '__main__':
main_loop()
I'm not sure what you are trying to do in the broader project but if I can make some recommendations...
A more typical way of scanning for service/manufacturer data is to subscribe to signals in D-Bus that trigger callbacks when something of interest happens.
Below is some code I use to look for iBeacons and Eddystone beacons. This runs using the GLib event loop which is maybe something you have ruled out but is more efficient on resources.
It does use different Python dbus bindings as I find pydbus more "pythonic".
I have left the code in processing the beacons as it might be a useful reference.
import argparse
from gi.repository import GLib
from pydbus import SystemBus
import uuid
DEVICE_INTERFACE = 'org.bluez.Device1'
remove_list = set()
def stop_scan():
"""Stop device discovery and quit event loop"""
adapter.StopDiscovery()
mainloop.quit()
def clean_beacons():
"""
BlueZ D-Bus API does not show duplicates. This is a
workaround that removes devices that have been found
during discovery
"""
not_found = set()
for rm_dev in remove_list:
try:
adapter.RemoveDevice(rm_dev)
except GLib.Error as err:
not_found.add(rm_dev)
for lost in not_found:
remove_list.remove(lost)
def process_eddystone(data):
"""Print Eddystone data in human readable format"""
_url_prefix_scheme = ['http://www.', 'https://www.',
'http://', 'https://', ]
_url_encoding = ['.com/', '.org/', '.edu/', '.net/', '.info/',
'.biz/', '.gov/', '.com', '.org', '.edu',
'.net', '.info', '.biz', '.gov']
tx_pwr = int.from_bytes([data[1]], 'big', signed=True)
# Eddystone UID Beacon format
if data[0] == 0x00:
namespace_id = int.from_bytes(data[2:12], 'big')
instance_id = int.from_bytes(data[12:18], 'big')
print(f'\t\tEddystone UID: {namespace_id} - {instance_id} \u2197 {tx_pwr}')
# Eddystone URL beacon format
elif data[0] == 0x10:
prefix = data[2]
encoded_url = data[3:]
full_url = _url_prefix_scheme[prefix]
for letter in encoded_url:
if letter < len(_url_encoding):
full_url += _url_encoding[letter]
else:
full_url += chr(letter)
print(f'\t\tEddystone URL: {full_url} \u2197 {tx_pwr}')
def process_ibeacon(data, beacon_type='iBeacon'):
"""Print iBeacon data in human readable format"""
print('DATA:', data)
beacon_uuid = uuid.UUID(bytes=bytes(data[2:18]))
major = int.from_bytes(bytearray(data[18:20]), 'big', signed=False)
minor = int.from_bytes(bytearray(data[20:22]), 'big', signed=False)
tx_pwr = int.from_bytes([data[22]], 'big', signed=True)
print(f'\t\t{beacon_type}: {beacon_uuid} - {major} - {minor} \u2197 {tx_pwr}')
def ble_16bit_match(uuid_16, srv_data):
"""Expand 16 bit UUID to full 128 bit UUID"""
uuid_128 = f'0000{uuid_16}-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb'
return uuid_128 == list(srv_data.keys())[0]
def on_iface_added(owner, path, iface, signal, interfaces_and_properties):
"""
Event handler for D-Bus interface added.
Test to see if it is a new Bluetooth device
"""
iface_path, iface_props = interfaces_and_properties
if DEVICE_INTERFACE in iface_props:
on_device_found(iface_path, iface_props[DEVICE_INTERFACE])
def on_device_found(device_path, device_props):
"""
Handle new Bluetooth device being discover.
If it is a beacon of type iBeacon, Eddystone, AltBeacon
then process it
"""
address = device_props.get('Address')
address_type = device_props.get('AddressType')
name = device_props.get('Name')
alias = device_props.get('Alias')
paired = device_props.get('Paired')
trusted = device_props.get('Trusted')
rssi = device_props.get('RSSI')
service_data = device_props.get('ServiceData')
manufacturer_data = device_props.get('ManufacturerData')
if address.casefold() == '00:c3:f4:f1:58:69':
print('Found mac address of interest')
if service_data and ble_16bit_match('feaa', service_data):
process_eddystone(service_data['0000feaa-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb'])
remove_list.add(device_path)
elif manufacturer_data:
for mfg_id in manufacturer_data:
# iBeacon 0x004c
if mfg_id == 0x004c and manufacturer_data[mfg_id][0] == 0x02:
process_ibeacon(manufacturer_data[mfg_id])
remove_list.add(device_path)
# AltBeacon 0xacbe
elif mfg_id == 0xffff and manufacturer_data[mfg_id][0:2] == [0xbe, 0xac]:
process_ibeacon(manufacturer_data[mfg_id], beacon_type='AltBeacon')
remove_list.add(device_path)
clean_beacons()
if __name__ == '__main__':
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
parser.add_argument('-d', '--duration', type=int, default=0,
help='Duration of scan [0 for continuous]')
args = parser.parse_args()
bus = SystemBus()
adapter = bus.get('org.bluez', '/org/bluez/hci0')
bus.subscribe(iface='org.freedesktop.DBus.ObjectManager',
signal='InterfacesAdded',
signal_fired=on_iface_added)
mainloop = GLib.MainLoop()
if args.duration > 0:
GLib.timeout_add_seconds(args.duration, stop_scan)
adapter.SetDiscoveryFilter({'DuplicateData': GLib.Variant.new_boolean(False)})
adapter.StartDiscovery()
try:
print('\n\tUse CTRL-C to stop discovery\n')
mainloop.run()
except KeyboardInterrupt:
stop_scan()
When I run R scripts I go do something else on a different desktop. If I don't check frequently, I never know when something is finished. Is there a way to invoke a beep (like a system beep) or get R to play a sound or notify growl via some code at the end of my script?
I have a package (beepr) with the sole purpose of making notification sounds in R which should work cross-platform. Run the following to install beepr and make a sound:
install.packages("beepr")
library(beepr)
beep()
More info at github: https://github.com/rasmusab/beepr
alarm()
The alarm function. It works by sending \a to the console
On MacOSX you can let the computer speak:
system("say Just finished!")
and you can also change the artificial voice that will speak:
system("say -v Kathy Just finished!")
You can pick any voice that is available on your computer. On Yosemite you can see which voices are installed in System Preferences -> Dictation & Speech -> Text to Speech.
You should have it tweet when it's done: http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/twitteR/index.html
alarm doesn't work on my Windows machine so I created a function that does actually make noise.
beep <- function(n = 3){
for(i in seq(n)){
system("rundll32 user32.dll,MessageBeep -1")
Sys.sleep(.5)
}
}
This clearly could only work on Windows but I don't guarantee it will even run on an arbitrary Windows computer. I've only tested it on my machine but I figured I'd post it in case anybody has the same problem with alarm that I do.
cat('Hello world!\a')
How about something reasonably OS independent for OSes with GUIs and web-browsers? It even works on RStudio Server!
browseURL('https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QH2-TGUlwu4')
Not only that, you can also also put some epic music from Youtube when the program is done looping :) (For Ubuntu/Debian:)
system("xdg-open 'http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9jK-NcRmVcw'")
UPDATE:
With macOS 10.9 (Mavericks) and later, you can post notifications using plain AppleScript:
theTitle <- "A Title"
theMsg <- "A message here"
cmd <- paste("osascript -e ", "'display notification ", '"', theMsg, '"', ' with title ', '"', theTitle, '"', "'", sep='')
system(cmd)
This removes the need to install terminal-notifier, referenced below.
--
I've got terminal-notifier installed on my Mac to get desktop notifications from the command line. You can then wrap up a call to the system() command like this (change the path, obviously):
notify <- function(msgString='Message from R', titleString='Message from R', speakIt=FALSE) {
cmd <- paste('~/terminal-notifier/terminal-notifier.app/Contents/MacOS/terminal-notifier -message ', '"', msgString, '" -title "', titleString, '"', sep='')
system(cmd)
if (speakIt) {
system(paste('say', msgString))
}
}
You can call the function like this
notify("R is done", "Message from R", speakIt=TRUE)
to get a message like this:
Update: Included #VLC's say command.
Please use shell.exec("url") to open some YouTube clip on Windows
Or if you're using GNU/Linux distro and have pcspkr module blacklisted (PC speaker was always annoying me), try combining system with some auditive/visual notification, e.g.
system("aplay -t wav /usr/share/sounds/phone.wav") # for auditive bell (an I mean it literary)
system("zenity --title=\"R script info\" --text=\"Script has finished with zero exit status\" --info") # for GTK dialog
You can check zenity manual if you prefer alert in, say, notification area... But, with system function, you can do pretty much anything: send an email, run some other script, reboot the machine, sudo rm -rf *.*, etc. anything... and I mean it.
But this stands only IF you're running GNU/Linux (or UNIX) distribution, otherwise, stick to Windows specific commands, though in that case, I can't give you much info...
Inspired by beepr, this is the function I'm currently using for these kind of problems :D
work_complete <- function() {
cat("Work complete. Press esc to sound the fanfare!!!\n")
on.exit(beepr::beep(3))
while (TRUE) {
beepr::beep(4)
Sys.sleep(1)
}
}
How about playing some music?
shell.exec("foo/Born.to.be.wild.mp3")
take a look at this package: RPushBullet
An R interface to the Pushbullet messaging service which provides fast
and efficient notifications (and file transfer) between computers,
phones and tablets
RPushbullet is completely free and multi platform. As for your question, you can use this library to send a Push to your browser, but obviously it becomes amazing when you need something than can notify you while you are away.
Moreover, the creator of the R package is the same of the well known Rcpp, Dirk Eddelbuettel. I'd say it's worth a shot!
Do this:
song <- function() {
for(i in 1:2) {
for(i in 1:4) {
for(i in 1:4) {
beep(7)
Sys.sleep(0.25)
beep()
Sys.sleep(0.22)
}
beep(2)
}
beep(11)
}
beep(4)
}
song()
You can jam out to it.
How about using Windows SpeechSynthesizer?
message <- "job done!"
system2(command = "PowerShell",
args = c("-Command",
"\"Add-Type -AssemblyName System.Speech;",
"$speak = New-Object System.Speech.Synthesis.SpeechSynthesizer;",
paste0("$speak.Speak('", message, "');\"")
))
This may by nicely used in iterating operations and read something like "First job done", "Second job done" etc.:
say_something <- function(message) {
message <- paste0("$speak.Speak('", message, "');\"")
system2(command = "PowerShell",
args = c("-Command",
"\"Add-Type -AssemblyName System.Speech;",
"$speak = New-Object System.Speech.Synthesis.SpeechSynthesizer;",
message
))
}
operations <- c("1st.", "2nd.", "3rd.")
lapply(operations, function(x) say_something(message=paste(x, "job done")))
*Note, that this uses system defaul language settings. The example is based on english lector, it can be changed using SelectVoice method. To check available lectors use:
system2(command = "PowerShell",
args = c("-Command",
"\"Add-Type -AssemblyName System.Speech;",
"$speak = New-Object System.Speech.Synthesis.SpeechSynthesizer;",
"$speak.GetInstalledVoices().VoiceInfo")
)
That gives:
Gender : Female
Age : Adult
Name : Microsoft Paulina Desktop
Culture : pl-PL
Id : TTS_MS_PL-PL_PAULINA_11.0
Description : Microsoft Paulina Desktop - Polish
SupportedAudioFormats : {}
AdditionalInfo : {[Age, Adult], [Gender, Female], [Language, 415], [Name, Microsoft Paulina Desktop]...}
Gender : Male
Age : Adult
Name : Microsoft David Desktop
Culture : en-US
Id : TTS_MS_EN-US_DAVID_11.0
Description : Microsoft David Desktop - English (United States)
SupportedAudioFormats : {}
AdditionalInfo : {[Age, Adult], [Gender, Male], [Language, 409], [Name, Microsoft David Desktop]...}
Finally a function to select the lector by his "name" like "David", "Paulina" or "Hazel":
say_something <- function(message , voice) {
voice <- paste0("\"$speak.SelectVoice('Microsoft ", voice, " Desktop');" )
message <- paste0("$speak.Speak('", message, "');\"")
system2(command = "PowerShell",
args = c("-Command",
"\"Add-Type -AssemblyName System.Speech;",
"$speak = New-Object System.Speech.Synthesis.SpeechSynthesizer;",
voice,
message
))
}
operations <- c("1st.", "2nd.", "3rd.")
lapply(operations, function(x) say_something(message=paste(x, "job done"), voice="David"))
Dason's answer is great, obviously, because it will work on basically any Windows machine without requiring anything except R itself.
But one thing I have been wondering is how to make these functions actually beep after a code is run.
If you do something like this:
beepR <- function(x, n = 3){
for(i in seq(n)){
system("rundll32 user32.dll,MessageBeep -1")
Sys.sleep(.5)
}
return(x)
}
You can just pipe anything to it and it will return whatever you piped, so you can do like. See the example below.
fa <- psych::fa(x, 1) |> beepR()
I'm using here the native pipe |> that was introduced in R 4.1, but you can use the %>% pipe from the maggitr package if you like; they work the exact same way. Anyway, that will beep as soon as the analysis ends, and the variable fa will contain the results of the factor analysis.
Of course, here I used the beep function that Dason provided you, but you could just as easily add anything where I indicated below.
beepR <- function(x){
# your code here #
return(x)
}
If you wish to add that function every time RStudio opens, refer to RStudio's Managing R with .Rprofile, .Renviron, Rprofile.site, Renviron.site, rsession.conf, and repos.conf to learn how to use a .Rprofile file.
You can use notify-send command:
system("notify-send \"R script finished running\"")
Because of these many ideas, I have created a solution without Internet access, because I work with a VPN client with Windows. So it plays a typical Windows sound, which is usually on any Windows operating system.
#Function with loop, press Esc to stopp
alarm2 <- function(){
while(TRUE){
system("cmd.exe",input="C:/Windows/WinSxS/amd64_microsoft-windows-shell-sounds_31bf3856ad364e35_10.0.17134.1_none_fc93088a1eb3fd11/tada.wav")
Sys.sleep(1)
}
}
Function without loop
alarm3 <- function(){
system("cmd.exe",input="C:/Windows/WinSxS/amd64_microsoft-windows-shell-sounds_31bf3856ad364e35_10.0.17134.1_none_fc93088a1eb3fd11/tada.wav")
Sys.sleep(1)
}
The following code produces a beep and does not depend on a .mp3 or .wav file:
switch(Sys.info()[['sysname']],
Linux = {
system('play -n synth 0.1 tri 1000.0')}
)
Combining some ideas on the thread, I implement this:
options(error = function() {
if (interactive()) {
# require("beepr"); beep(10)
system("mplayer /usr/share/sounds/freedesktop/stereo/dialog-warning.oga ")
system("notify-send -u normal 'R session' 'An error occured!'")
}
})
I regularly use stop() on interactive session like Rstudio, on scripts I am working and want to re-run to a point. This way I can switch to another desktop while waiting. I may test it to '.Rprofile'
I am trying to setup Real-time Data Streaming to Kafka with MaxScale CDC with MariaDB veriosn 10.0.32. After configuring replication, I am getting the status:
"The slave I/O thread stops because a fatal error is encountered when it tried to SELECT #master_binlog_checksum".
Below are all of my configurations:
MariaDB - Configuration
server-id = 1
#report_host = master1
#auto_increment_increment = 2
#auto_increment_offset = 1
log_bin = /var/log/mysql/mariadb-bin
log_bin_index = /var/log/mysql/mariadb-bin.index
binlog_format = row
binlog_row_image = full
# not fab for performance, but safer
#sync_binlog = 1
expire_logs_days = 10
max_binlog_size = 100M
# slaves
#relay_log = /var/log/mysql/relay-bin
#relay_log_index = /var/log/mysql/relay-bin.index
#relay_log_info_file = /var/log/mysql/relay-bin.info
#log_slave_updates
#read_only
MaxScale Configuration
[server1]
type=server
address=192.168.56.102
port=3306
protocol=MariaDBBackend
[Replication]
type=service
router=binlogrouter
version_string=10.0.27-log
user=myuser
passwd=mypwd
server_id=3
#binlogdir=/var/lib/maxscale
#mariadb10-compatibility=1
router_options=binlogdir=/var/lib/maxscale,mariadb10-compatibility=1
#slave_sql_verify_checksum=1
[Replication Listener]
type=listener
service=Replication
protocol=MySQLClient
port=5308
Starting Replication
CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='192.168.56.102', MASTER_PORT=5308, MASTER_USER='myuser', MASTER_PASSWORD='mypwd', MASTER_LOG_POS=328, MASTER_LOG_FILE='mariadb-bin.000018';
START SLAVE;
Replication Status
Master_Host: 192.168.56.102
Master_User: myuser
Master_Port: 5308
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mariadb-bin.000018
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 328
Relay_Log_File: mysqld-relay-bin.000002
Relay_Log_Pos: 4
Relay_Master_Log_File: mariadb-bin.000018
**Slave_IO_Running: No**
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 328
Relay_Log_Space: 248
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: NULL
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 1593
Last_IO_Error: **The slave I/O thread stops because a fatal error is encountered when it tried to SELECT #master_binlog_checksum. Error:**
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 0
Master_SSL_Crl:
Master_SSL_Crlpath:
Using_Gtid: No
Gtid_IO_Pos:
The binlogrouter performs the following query to set the value of #master_binlog_checksum (real replication slaves perform the same query).
SET #master_binlog_checksum = ##global.binlog_checksum
Checking what the output of it is will probably explain why the replication won't start. Most likely the SET query failed which is why the latter SELECT #master_binlog_checksum query returns unexpected results.
In cases like these, it is recommended to open a bug report on the MariaDB Jira under the MaxScale project. This way the possibility of a bug is ruled out and if it turns out to be a configuration problem, the documentation can be updated to more clearly explain how to configure MaxScale.
When I run R scripts I go do something else on a different desktop. If I don't check frequently, I never know when something is finished. Is there a way to invoke a beep (like a system beep) or get R to play a sound or notify growl via some code at the end of my script?
I have a package (beepr) with the sole purpose of making notification sounds in R which should work cross-platform. Run the following to install beepr and make a sound:
install.packages("beepr")
library(beepr)
beep()
More info at github: https://github.com/rasmusab/beepr
alarm()
The alarm function. It works by sending \a to the console
On MacOSX you can let the computer speak:
system("say Just finished!")
and you can also change the artificial voice that will speak:
system("say -v Kathy Just finished!")
You can pick any voice that is available on your computer. On Yosemite you can see which voices are installed in System Preferences -> Dictation & Speech -> Text to Speech.
You should have it tweet when it's done: http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/twitteR/index.html
alarm doesn't work on my Windows machine so I created a function that does actually make noise.
beep <- function(n = 3){
for(i in seq(n)){
system("rundll32 user32.dll,MessageBeep -1")
Sys.sleep(.5)
}
}
This clearly could only work on Windows but I don't guarantee it will even run on an arbitrary Windows computer. I've only tested it on my machine but I figured I'd post it in case anybody has the same problem with alarm that I do.
cat('Hello world!\a')
How about something reasonably OS independent for OSes with GUIs and web-browsers? It even works on RStudio Server!
browseURL('https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QH2-TGUlwu4')
Not only that, you can also also put some epic music from Youtube when the program is done looping :) (For Ubuntu/Debian:)
system("xdg-open 'http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9jK-NcRmVcw'")
UPDATE:
With macOS 10.9 (Mavericks) and later, you can post notifications using plain AppleScript:
theTitle <- "A Title"
theMsg <- "A message here"
cmd <- paste("osascript -e ", "'display notification ", '"', theMsg, '"', ' with title ', '"', theTitle, '"', "'", sep='')
system(cmd)
This removes the need to install terminal-notifier, referenced below.
--
I've got terminal-notifier installed on my Mac to get desktop notifications from the command line. You can then wrap up a call to the system() command like this (change the path, obviously):
notify <- function(msgString='Message from R', titleString='Message from R', speakIt=FALSE) {
cmd <- paste('~/terminal-notifier/terminal-notifier.app/Contents/MacOS/terminal-notifier -message ', '"', msgString, '" -title "', titleString, '"', sep='')
system(cmd)
if (speakIt) {
system(paste('say', msgString))
}
}
You can call the function like this
notify("R is done", "Message from R", speakIt=TRUE)
to get a message like this:
Update: Included #VLC's say command.
Please use shell.exec("url") to open some YouTube clip on Windows
Or if you're using GNU/Linux distro and have pcspkr module blacklisted (PC speaker was always annoying me), try combining system with some auditive/visual notification, e.g.
system("aplay -t wav /usr/share/sounds/phone.wav") # for auditive bell (an I mean it literary)
system("zenity --title=\"R script info\" --text=\"Script has finished with zero exit status\" --info") # for GTK dialog
You can check zenity manual if you prefer alert in, say, notification area... But, with system function, you can do pretty much anything: send an email, run some other script, reboot the machine, sudo rm -rf *.*, etc. anything... and I mean it.
But this stands only IF you're running GNU/Linux (or UNIX) distribution, otherwise, stick to Windows specific commands, though in that case, I can't give you much info...
Inspired by beepr, this is the function I'm currently using for these kind of problems :D
work_complete <- function() {
cat("Work complete. Press esc to sound the fanfare!!!\n")
on.exit(beepr::beep(3))
while (TRUE) {
beepr::beep(4)
Sys.sleep(1)
}
}
How about playing some music?
shell.exec("foo/Born.to.be.wild.mp3")
take a look at this package: RPushBullet
An R interface to the Pushbullet messaging service which provides fast
and efficient notifications (and file transfer) between computers,
phones and tablets
RPushbullet is completely free and multi platform. As for your question, you can use this library to send a Push to your browser, but obviously it becomes amazing when you need something than can notify you while you are away.
Moreover, the creator of the R package is the same of the well known Rcpp, Dirk Eddelbuettel. I'd say it's worth a shot!
Do this:
song <- function() {
for(i in 1:2) {
for(i in 1:4) {
for(i in 1:4) {
beep(7)
Sys.sleep(0.25)
beep()
Sys.sleep(0.22)
}
beep(2)
}
beep(11)
}
beep(4)
}
song()
You can jam out to it.
How about using Windows SpeechSynthesizer?
message <- "job done!"
system2(command = "PowerShell",
args = c("-Command",
"\"Add-Type -AssemblyName System.Speech;",
"$speak = New-Object System.Speech.Synthesis.SpeechSynthesizer;",
paste0("$speak.Speak('", message, "');\"")
))
This may by nicely used in iterating operations and read something like "First job done", "Second job done" etc.:
say_something <- function(message) {
message <- paste0("$speak.Speak('", message, "');\"")
system2(command = "PowerShell",
args = c("-Command",
"\"Add-Type -AssemblyName System.Speech;",
"$speak = New-Object System.Speech.Synthesis.SpeechSynthesizer;",
message
))
}
operations <- c("1st.", "2nd.", "3rd.")
lapply(operations, function(x) say_something(message=paste(x, "job done")))
*Note, that this uses system defaul language settings. The example is based on english lector, it can be changed using SelectVoice method. To check available lectors use:
system2(command = "PowerShell",
args = c("-Command",
"\"Add-Type -AssemblyName System.Speech;",
"$speak = New-Object System.Speech.Synthesis.SpeechSynthesizer;",
"$speak.GetInstalledVoices().VoiceInfo")
)
That gives:
Gender : Female
Age : Adult
Name : Microsoft Paulina Desktop
Culture : pl-PL
Id : TTS_MS_PL-PL_PAULINA_11.0
Description : Microsoft Paulina Desktop - Polish
SupportedAudioFormats : {}
AdditionalInfo : {[Age, Adult], [Gender, Female], [Language, 415], [Name, Microsoft Paulina Desktop]...}
Gender : Male
Age : Adult
Name : Microsoft David Desktop
Culture : en-US
Id : TTS_MS_EN-US_DAVID_11.0
Description : Microsoft David Desktop - English (United States)
SupportedAudioFormats : {}
AdditionalInfo : {[Age, Adult], [Gender, Male], [Language, 409], [Name, Microsoft David Desktop]...}
Finally a function to select the lector by his "name" like "David", "Paulina" or "Hazel":
say_something <- function(message , voice) {
voice <- paste0("\"$speak.SelectVoice('Microsoft ", voice, " Desktop');" )
message <- paste0("$speak.Speak('", message, "');\"")
system2(command = "PowerShell",
args = c("-Command",
"\"Add-Type -AssemblyName System.Speech;",
"$speak = New-Object System.Speech.Synthesis.SpeechSynthesizer;",
voice,
message
))
}
operations <- c("1st.", "2nd.", "3rd.")
lapply(operations, function(x) say_something(message=paste(x, "job done"), voice="David"))
Dason's answer is great, obviously, because it will work on basically any Windows machine without requiring anything except R itself.
But one thing I have been wondering is how to make these functions actually beep after a code is run.
If you do something like this:
beepR <- function(x, n = 3){
for(i in seq(n)){
system("rundll32 user32.dll,MessageBeep -1")
Sys.sleep(.5)
}
return(x)
}
You can just pipe anything to it and it will return whatever you piped, so you can do like. See the example below.
fa <- psych::fa(x, 1) |> beepR()
I'm using here the native pipe |> that was introduced in R 4.1, but you can use the %>% pipe from the maggitr package if you like; they work the exact same way. Anyway, that will beep as soon as the analysis ends, and the variable fa will contain the results of the factor analysis.
Of course, here I used the beep function that Dason provided you, but you could just as easily add anything where I indicated below.
beepR <- function(x){
# your code here #
return(x)
}
If you wish to add that function every time RStudio opens, refer to RStudio's Managing R with .Rprofile, .Renviron, Rprofile.site, Renviron.site, rsession.conf, and repos.conf to learn how to use a .Rprofile file.
You can use notify-send command:
system("notify-send \"R script finished running\"")
Because of these many ideas, I have created a solution without Internet access, because I work with a VPN client with Windows. So it plays a typical Windows sound, which is usually on any Windows operating system.
#Function with loop, press Esc to stopp
alarm2 <- function(){
while(TRUE){
system("cmd.exe",input="C:/Windows/WinSxS/amd64_microsoft-windows-shell-sounds_31bf3856ad364e35_10.0.17134.1_none_fc93088a1eb3fd11/tada.wav")
Sys.sleep(1)
}
}
Function without loop
alarm3 <- function(){
system("cmd.exe",input="C:/Windows/WinSxS/amd64_microsoft-windows-shell-sounds_31bf3856ad364e35_10.0.17134.1_none_fc93088a1eb3fd11/tada.wav")
Sys.sleep(1)
}
The following code produces a beep and does not depend on a .mp3 or .wav file:
switch(Sys.info()[['sysname']],
Linux = {
system('play -n synth 0.1 tri 1000.0')}
)
Combining some ideas on the thread, I implement this:
options(error = function() {
if (interactive()) {
# require("beepr"); beep(10)
system("mplayer /usr/share/sounds/freedesktop/stereo/dialog-warning.oga ")
system("notify-send -u normal 'R session' 'An error occured!'")
}
})
I regularly use stop() on interactive session like Rstudio, on scripts I am working and want to re-run to a point. This way I can switch to another desktop while waiting. I may test it to '.Rprofile'