I'm trying to implement the recursive equation here, but I have no idea what's going wrong with my code.
It keeps output 1 no matter what input I gave.
The function is as follows:
T(n) = T(n-100) + 2*T(n/2) + 5 if n > 1
= 1 otherwise
.globl __start
.text
__start:
# read from standard input a0 = n
addi a0, zero, 5
ecall
################################################################################
# Recursive function #
# T(n) = T(n-100)+2*T((n/2))+5 if n>1 #
# = 1 otherwise #
################################################################################
addi s2,x0,1 #for base case
addi s3,x0,2 #for comparison
blt a0,s3,result
recur:
addi a2,a2,5
addi a3,a3,9
addi sp,sp,-8 #store 2 registers into stack
sw x1,4(sp)
sw a0,0(sp)
bge a0,s3,L1
bge a0,s3,L2
addi s2,x0,1
addi sp,sp,8
jal x0,result
L1: #to do T(n-100)
addi a0,a0,-100
jal x1,recur
addi x6,x10,0 #T(n-100) stored in x6
lw x10,0(sp)
lw x1,4(sp)
addi sp,sp,8
jalr x0,0(x1)
L2: #to do T(n/2)
div a0,a0,s3
jal x1,recur
addi x7,x10,0 #T(n/2) stored in x7
lw a0,0(sp)
lw x1,4(sp)
addi sp,sp,8
mul x7,x7,s3
add s2,x6,x7
addi s2,s2,5
jalr x0,0(x1)
################################################################################
result:
# prints the result in s2
addi a0, zero, 1
addi a1, s2, 0
ecall
# ends the program with status code 0
addi a0, zero, 10
ecall
I'm having trouble dealing with stacks recursively in MIPS. I get the concept, but my program isn't reacting as I mean it to.
My goal is to take user input as n and print the Fibonacci number at n. What I have so far is below.
(I'm fairly certain the problem is in the actual calculation of the number in the fib function.) Thanks for any help! :)
.text
main:
# Prompt user to input non-negative number
la $a0,prompt
li $v0,4
syscall
li $v0,5
syscall
move $t2,$v0
# Call function to get fibonnacci #n
move $a0,$t2
move $v0,$t2
jal fib
move $t3,$v0
# Output message and n
la $a0,result
li $v0,4
syscall
move $a0,$t2
li $v0,1
syscall
la $a0,result2
li $v0,4
syscall
move $a0,$t3
li $v0,1
syscall
la $a0,endl
li $v0,4
syscall
# End program
li $v0,10
syscall
fib:
# Compute and return fibonacci number
beqz $a0,zero
beq $a0,1,one
sub $sp,$sp,4
sw $ra,0($sp)
sub $a0,$a0,1
jal fib
lw $ra,0($sp)
add $sp,$sp,4
sub $t8,$v0,2 # n - 2
sub $t9,$v0,1 # n - 1
add $v0,$t8,$t9 # add n-2,n-1
jr $ra # decrement/next in stack
zero:
li $v0,0
jr $ra
one:
li $v0,1
jr $ra
.data
prompt: .asciiz "Enter a non-negative number: "
result: .asciiz "F_"
result2: .asciiz " = "
endl: .asciiz "\n"
Example runs:
Enter a non-negative number: 5
F_5 = -29
Enter a non-negative number: 6
F_6 = -61
Correct runs:
Enter a non-negative number: 5
F_5 = 5
Enter a non-negative number: 6
F_6 = 8
Here is a properly working code:
.text
main:
# Prompt user to input non-negative number
la $a0,prompt
li $v0,4
syscall
li $v0,5 #Read the number(n)
syscall
move $t2,$v0 # n to $t2
# Call function to get fibonnacci #n
move $a0,$t2
move $v0,$t2
jal fib #call fib (n)
move $t3,$v0 #result is in $t3
# Output message and n
la $a0,result #Print F_
li $v0,4
syscall
move $a0,$t2 #Print n
li $v0,1
syscall
la $a0,result2 #Print =
li $v0,4
syscall
move $a0,$t3 #Print the answer
li $v0,1
syscall
la $a0,endl #Print '\n'
li $v0,4
syscall
# End program
li $v0,10
syscall
fib:
# Compute and return fibonacci number
beqz $a0,zero #if n=0 return 0
beq $a0,1,one #if n=1 return 1
#Calling fib(n-1)
sub $sp,$sp,4 #storing return address on stack
sw $ra,0($sp)
sub $a0,$a0,1 #n-1
jal fib #fib(n-1)
add $a0,$a0,1
lw $ra,0($sp) #restoring return address from stack
add $sp,$sp,4
sub $sp,$sp,4 #Push return value to stack
sw $v0,0($sp)
#Calling fib(n-2)
sub $sp,$sp,4 #storing return address on stack
sw $ra,0($sp)
sub $a0,$a0,2 #n-2
jal fib #fib(n-2)
add $a0,$a0,2
lw $ra,0($sp) #restoring return address from stack
add $sp,$sp,4
#---------------
lw $s7,0($sp) #Pop return value from stack
add $sp,$sp,4
add $v0,$v0,$s7 # f(n - 2)+fib(n-1)
jr $ra # decrement/next in stack
zero:
li $v0,0
jr $ra
one:
li $v0,1
jr $ra
.data
prompt: .asciiz "This program calculates Fibonacci sequence with recursive functions.\nEnter a non-negative number: "
result: .asciiz "F_"
result2: .asciiz " = "
endl: .asciiz "\n"
Hope to be usefull
Adel Zare
adel.zare.63 [at] gmail [dot] com
You appear to have misunderstood the algorithm (or just implemented it incorrectly). What you're doing is this:
int fib(int n) {
if (n == 0)
return 0;
else if (n == 1)
return 1;
int ret = fib(n - 1);
return (ret - 2) + (ret - 1);
}
What you should be doing is this:
int fib(int n) {
if (n == 0)
return 0;
else if (n == 1)
return 1;
return fib(n - 1) + fib(n - 2);
}
So, here's a funny little programming challenge. I was writing a quick method to determine all the market holidays for a particular year, and then I started reading about Easter and discovered just how crazy* the logic is for determining its date--the first Sunday after the Paschal Full Moon following the spring equinox! Does anybody know of an existing function to calculate the date of Easter for a given year?
Granted, it's probably not all that hard to do; I just figured I'd ask in case somebody's already done this. (And that seems very likely.)
UPDATE: Actually, I'm really looking for the date of Good Friday (the Friday before Easter)... I just figured Easter would get me there. And since I'm in the U.S., I assume I'm looking for the Catholic Easter? But perhaps someone can correct me on that if I'm wrong.
*By "crazy" I meant, like, involved. Not anything offensive...
Python: using dateutil's easter() function.
>>> from dateutil.easter import *
>>> print easter(2010)
2010-04-04
>>> print easter(2011)
2011-04-24
The functions gets, as an argument, the type of calculation you like:
EASTER_JULIAN = 1
EASTER_ORTHODOX = 2
EASTER_WESTERN = 3
You can pick the one relevant to the US.
Reducing two days from the result would give you Good Friday:
>>> from datetime import timedelta
>>> d = timedelta(days=-2)
>>> easter(2011)
datetime.date(2011, 4, 24)
>>> easter(2011)+d
datetime.date(2011, 4, 22)
Oddly enough, someone was iterating this, and published the results in Wikipedia's article about the algorithm:
in SQL Server Easter Sunday would look like this, scroll down for Good Friday
CREATE FUNCTION dbo.GetEasterSunday
( #Y INT )
RETURNS SMALLDATETIME
AS
BEGIN
DECLARE #EpactCalc INT,
#PaschalDaysCalc INT,
#NumOfDaysToSunday INT,
#EasterMonth INT,
#EasterDay INT
SET #EpactCalc = (24 + 19 * (#Y % 19)) % 30
SET #PaschalDaysCalc = #EpactCalc - (#EpactCalc / 28)
SET #NumOfDaysToSunday = #PaschalDaysCalc - (
(#Y + #Y / 4 + #PaschalDaysCalc - 13) % 7
)
SET #EasterMonth = 3 + (#NumOfDaysToSunday + 40) / 44
SET #EasterDay = #NumOfDaysToSunday + 28 - (
31 * (#EasterMonth / 4)
)
RETURN
(
SELECT CONVERT
( SMALLDATETIME,
RTRIM(#Y)
+ RIGHT('0'+RTRIM(#EasterMonth), 2)
+ RIGHT('0'+RTRIM(#EasterDay), 2)
)
)
END
GO
Good Friday is like this and it uses the Easter function above
CREATE FUNCTION dbo.GetGoodFriday
(
#Y INT
)
RETURNS SMALLDATETIME
AS
BEGIN
RETURN (SELECT dbo.GetEasterSunday(#Y) - 2)
END
GO
From here: http://web.archive.org/web/20070611150639/http://sqlserver2000.databases.aspfaq.com/why-should-i-consider-using-an-auxiliary-calendar-table.html
When it came for me to write this (traffic prediction based on day of week and holiday),
I gave up on trying to write it by myself. I found it somewhere on the net. The code was public domain, but...
sigh
see for yourself.
void dateOfEaster(struct tm* p)
{
int Y = p->tm_year;
int a = Y % 19;
int b = Y / 100;
int c = Y % 100;
int d = b / 4;
int e = b % 4;
int f = (b + 8) / 25;
int g = (b - f + 1) / 3;
int h = (19 * a + b - d - g + 15) % 30;
int i = c / 4;
int k = c % 4;
int L = (32 + 2 * e + 2 * i - h - k) % 7;
int m = (a + 11 * h + 22 * L) / 451;
p->tm_mon = ((h + L - 7 * m + 114) / 31 ) - 1;
p->tm_mday = ((h + L - 7 * m + 114) % 31) + 1;
p->tm_hour = 12;
const time_t tmp = mktime(p);
*p = *localtime(&tmp); //recover yday from mon+mday
}
Some questions are better left unasked.
I feel lucky that all moving holidays in my country are a fixed offset from the date of Easter.
The SQL Server function below is more general than the accepted answer
The accepted answer is only correct for the range (inclusive) : 1900-04-15 to 2099-04-12
It uses the algorithm provided by The United States Naval Observatory (USNO)
http://aa.usno.navy.mil/faq/docs/easter.php
CREATE FUNCTION dbo.GetEasterSunday (#Y INT)
RETURNS DATETIME
AS
BEGIN
-- Source of algorithm : http://aa.usno.navy.mil/faq/docs/easter.php
DECLARE #c INT = #Y / 100
DECLARE #n INT = #Y - 19 * (#Y / 19)
DECLARE #k INT = (#c - 17) / 25
DECLARE #i INT = #c - #c / 4 - (#c - #k) / 3 + 19 * #n + 15
SET #i = #i - 30 * (#i / 30)
SET #i = #i - (#i / 28) * (1 - (#i / 28) * (29 / (#i + 1)) * ((21 - #n) / 11))
DECLARE #j INT = #Y + #Y / 4 + #i + 2 - #c + #c / 4
SET #j = #j - 7 * (#j / 7)
DECLARE #l INT = #i - #j
DECLARE #m INT = 3 + (#l + 40) / 44
DECLARE #d INT = #l + 28 - 31 * (#m / 4)
RETURN
(
SELECT CONVERT
( DATETIME,
RTRIM(#Y)
+ RIGHT('0'+RTRIM(#m), 2)
+ RIGHT('0'+RTRIM(#d), 2)
)
)
END
GO
VB .NET Functions for Greek Orthodox and Catholic Easter:
Public Shared Function OrthodoxEaster(ByVal Year As Integer) As Date
Dim a = Year Mod 19
Dim b = Year Mod 7
Dim c = Year Mod 4
Dim d = (19 * a + 16) Mod 30
Dim e = (2 * c + 4 * b + 6 * d) Mod 7
Dim f = (19 * a + 16) Mod 30
Dim key = f + e + 3
Dim month = If((key > 30), 5, 4)
Dim day = If((key > 30), key - 30, key)
Return New DateTime(Year, month, day)
End Function
Public Shared Function CatholicEaster(ByVal Year As Integer) As DateTime
Dim month = 3
Dim a = Year Mod 19 + 1
Dim b = Year / 100 + 1
Dim c = (3 * b) / 4 - 12
Dim d = (8 * b + 5) / 25 - 5
Dim e = (5 * Year) / 4 - c - 10
Dim f = (11 * a + 20 + d - c) Mod 30
If f = 24 Then f += 1
If (f = 25) AndAlso (a > 11) Then f += 1
Dim g = 44 - f
If g < 21 Then g = g + 30
Dim day = (g + 7) - ((e + g) Mod 7)
If day > 31 Then
day = day - 31
month = 4
End If
Return New DateTime(Year, month, day)
End Function
The below code determines Easter through powershell:
function Get-DateOfEaster {
param(
[Parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
$theYear=(Get-Date).Year
)
if($theYear -lt 1583) {
return $null
} else {
# Step 1: Divide the theYear by 19 and store the
# remainder in variable A. Example: If the theYear
# is 2000, then A is initialized to 5.
$a = $theYear % 19
# Step 2: Divide the theYear by 100. Store the integer
# result in B and the remainder in C.
$c = $theYear % 100
$b = ($theYear -$c) / 100
# Step 3: Divide B (calculated above). Store the
# integer result in D and the remainder in E.
$e = $b % 4
$d = ($b - $e) / 4
# Step 4: Divide (b+8)/25 and store the integer
# portion of the result in F.
$f = [math]::floor(($b + 8) / 25)
# Step 5: Divide (b-f+1)/3 and store the integer
# portion of the result in G.
$g = [math]::floor(($b - $f + 1) / 3)
# Step 6: Divide (19a+b-d-g+15)/30 and store the
# remainder of the result in H.
$h = (19 * $a + $b - $d - $g + 15) % 30
# Step 7: Divide C by 4. Store the integer result
# in I and the remainder in K.
$k = $c % 4
$i = ($c - $k) / 4
# Step 8: Divide (32+2e+2i-h-k) by 7. Store the
# remainder of the result in L.
$l = (32 + 2 * $e + 2 * $i - $h - $k) % 7
# Step 9: Divide (a + 11h + 22l) by 451 and
# store the integer portion of the result in M.
$m = [math]::floor(($a + 11 * $h + 22 * $l) / 451)
# Step 10: Divide (h + l - 7m + 114) by 31. Store
# the integer portion of the result in N and the
# remainder in P.
$p = ($h + $l - 7 * $m + 114) % 31
$n = (($h + $l - 7 * $m + 114) - $p) / 31
# At this point p+1 is the day on which Easter falls.
# n is 3 for March and 4 for April.
$DateTime = New-Object DateTime $theyear, $n, ($p+1), 0, 0, 0, ([DateTimeKind]::Utc)
return $DateTime
}
}
$eastersunday=Get-DateOfEaster 2015
Write-Host $eastersunday
Found this Excel formula somewhere
Assuming cell A1 contains year e.g. 2020
ROUND(DATE(A1;4;1)/7+MOD(19*MOD(A1;19)-7;30)*0,14;0)*7-6
Converted to T-SQL lead me to this:
DECLARE #yr INT=2020
SELECT DATEADD(dd, ROUND(DATEDIFF(dd, '1899-12-30', DATEFROMPARTS(#yr, 4, 1)) / 7.0 + ((19.0 * (#yr % 19) - 7) % 30) * 0.14, 0) * 7.0 - 6, -2)
In JS, taken from here.
var epoch=2444238.5,elonge=278.83354,elongp=282.596403,eccent=.016718,sunsmax=149598500,sunangsiz=.533128,mmlong=64.975464,mmlongp=349.383063,mlnode=151.950429,minc=5.145396,mecc=.0549,mangsiz=.5181,msmax=384401,mparallax=.9507,synmonth=29.53058868,lunatbase=2423436,earthrad=6378.16,PI=3.141592653589793,epsilon=1e-6;function sgn(x){return x<0?-1:x>0?1:0}function abs(x){return x<0?-x:x}function fixAngle(a){return a-360*Math.floor(a/360)}function toRad(d){return d*(PI/180)}function toDeg(d){return d*(180/PI)}function dsin(x){return Math.sin(toRad(x))}function dcos(x){return Math.cos(toRad(x))}function toJulianTime(date){var year,month,day;year=date.getFullYear();var m=(month=date.getMonth()+1)>2?month:month+12,y=month>2?year:year-1,d=(day=date.getDate())+date.getHours()/24+date.getMinutes()/1440+(date.getSeconds()+date.getMilliseconds()/1e3)/86400,b=isJulianDate(year,month,day)?0:2-y/100+y/100/4;return Math.floor(365.25*(y+4716)+Math.floor(30.6001*(m+1))+d+b-1524.5)}function isJulianDate(year,month,day){if(year<1582)return!0;if(year>1582)return!1;if(month<10)return!0;if(month>10)return!1;if(day<5)return!0;if(day>14)return!1;throw"Any date in the range 10/5/1582 to 10/14/1582 is invalid!"}function jyear(td,yy,mm,dd){var z,f,alpha,b,c,d,e;return f=(td+=.5)-(z=Math.floor(td)),b=(z<2299161?z:z+1+(alpha=Math.floor((z-1867216.25)/36524.25))-Math.floor(alpha/4))+1524,c=Math.floor((b-122.1)/365.25),d=Math.floor(365.25*c),e=Math.floor((b-d)/30.6001),{day:Math.floor(b-d-Math.floor(30.6001*e)+f),month:Math.floor(e<14?e-1:e-13),year:Math.floor(mm>2?c-4716:c-4715)}}function jhms(j){var ij;return j+=.5,ij=Math.floor(86400*(j-Math.floor(j))+.5),{hour:Math.floor(ij/3600),minute:Math.floor(ij/60%60),second:Math.floor(ij%60)}}function jwday(j){return Math.floor(j+1.5)%7}function meanphase(sdate,k){var t,t2;return 2415020.75933+synmonth*k+1178e-7*(t2=(t=(sdate-2415020)/36525)*t)-155e-9*(t2*t)+33e-5*dsin(166.56+132.87*t-.009173*t2)}function truephase(k,phase){var t,t2,t3,pt,m,mprime,f,apcor=!1;if(pt=2415020.75933+synmonth*(k+=phase)+1178e-7*(t2=(t=k/1236.85)*t)-155e-9*(t3=t2*t)+33e-5*dsin(166.56+132.87*t-.009173*t2),m=359.2242+29.10535608*k-333e-7*t2-347e-8*t3,mprime=306.0253+385.81691806*k+.0107306*t2+1236e-8*t3,f=21.2964+390.67050646*k-.0016528*t2-239e-8*t3,phase<.01||abs(phase-.5)<.01?(pt+=(.1734-393e-6*t)*dsin(m)+.0021*dsin(2*m)-.4068*dsin(mprime)+.0161*dsin(2*mprime)-4e-4*dsin(3*mprime)+.0104*dsin(2*f)-.0051*dsin(m+mprime)-.0074*dsin(m-mprime)+4e-4*dsin(2*f+m)-4e-4*dsin(2*f-m)-6e-4*dsin(2*f+mprime)+.001*dsin(2*f-mprime)+5e-4*dsin(m+2*mprime),apcor=!0):(abs(phase-.25)<.01||abs(phase-.75)<.01)&&(pt+=(.1721-4e-4*t)*dsin(m)+.0021*dsin(2*m)-.628*dsin(mprime)+.0089*dsin(2*mprime)-4e-4*dsin(3*mprime)+.0079*dsin(2*f)-.0119*dsin(m+mprime)-.0047*dsin(m-mprime)+3e-4*dsin(2*f+m)-4e-4*dsin(2*f-m)-6e-4*dsin(2*f+mprime)+.0021*dsin(2*f-mprime)+3e-4*dsin(m+2*mprime)+4e-4*dsin(m-2*mprime)-3e-4*dsin(2*m+mprime),pt+=phase<.5?.0028-4e-4*dcos(m)+3e-4*dcos(mprime):4e-4*dcos(m)-.0028-3e-4*dcos(mprime),apcor=!0),!apcor)throw"Error calculating moon phase!";return pt}function phasehunt(sdate,phases){var adate,k1,k2,nt1,nt2,yy,mm,dd,jyearResult=jyear(adate=sdate-45,yy,mm,dd);for(yy=jyearResult.year,mm=jyearResult.month,dd=jyearResult.day,adate=nt1=meanphase(adate,k1=Math.floor(12.3685*(yy+1/12*(mm-1)-1900)));nt2=meanphase(adate+=synmonth,k2=k1+1),!(nt1<=sdate&&nt2>sdate);)nt1=nt2,k1=k2;return phases[0]=truephase(k1,0),phases[1]=truephase(k1,.25),phases[2]=truephase(k1,.5),phases[3]=truephase(k1,.75),phases[4]=truephase(k2,0),phases}function kepler(m,ecc){var e,delta;e=m=toRad(m);do{e-=(delta=e-ecc*Math.sin(e)-m)/(1-ecc*Math.cos(e))}while(abs(delta)>epsilon);return e}function getMoonPhase(julianDate){var Day,N,M,Ec,Lambdasun,ml,MM,MN,Ev,Ae,MmP,mEc,lP,lPP,NP,y,x,MoonAge,MoonPhase,MoonDist,MoonDFrac,MoonAng,F,SunDist,SunAng;return N=fixAngle(360/365.2422*(Day=julianDate-epoch)),Ec=kepler(M=fixAngle(N+elonge-elongp),eccent),Ec=Math.sqrt((1+eccent)/(1-eccent))*Math.tan(Ec/2),Lambdasun=fixAngle((Ec=2*toDeg(Math.atan(Ec)))+elongp),F=(1+eccent*Math.cos(toRad(Ec)))/(1-eccent*eccent),SunDist=sunsmax/F,SunAng=F*sunangsiz,ml=fixAngle(13.1763966*Day+mmlong),MM=fixAngle(ml-.1114041*Day-mmlongp),MN=fixAngle(mlnode-.0529539*Day),MmP=MM+(Ev=1.2739*Math.sin(toRad(2*(ml-Lambdasun)-MM)))-(Ae=.1858*Math.sin(toRad(M)))-.37*Math.sin(toRad(M)),lPP=(lP=ml+Ev+(mEc=6.2886*Math.sin(toRad(MmP)))-Ae+.214*Math.sin(toRad(2*MmP)))+.6583*Math.sin(toRad(2*(lP-Lambdasun))),NP=MN-.16*Math.sin(toRad(M)),y=Math.sin(toRad(lPP-NP))*Math.cos(toRad(minc)),x=Math.cos(toRad(lPP-NP)),toDeg(Math.atan2(y,x)),NP,toDeg(Math.asin(Math.sin(toRad(lPP-NP))*Math.sin(toRad(minc)))),MoonAge=lPP-Lambdasun,MoonPhase=(1-Math.cos(toRad(MoonAge)))/2,MoonDist=msmax*(1-mecc*mecc)/(1+mecc*Math.cos(toRad(MmP+mEc))),MoonAng=mangsiz/(MoonDFrac=MoonDist/msmax),mparallax/MoonDFrac,{moonIllumination:MoonPhase,moonAgeInDays:synmonth*(fixAngle(MoonAge)/360),distanceInKm:MoonDist,angularDiameterInDeg:MoonAng,distanceToSun:SunDist,sunAngularDiameter:SunAng,moonPhase:fixAngle(MoonAge)/360}}function getMoonInfo(date){return null==date?{moonPhase:0,moonIllumination:0,moonAgeInDays:0,distanceInKm:0,angularDiameterInDeg:0,distanceToSun:0,sunAngularDiameter:0}:getMoonPhase(toJulianTime(date))}function getEaster(year){var previousMoonInfo,moonInfo,fullMoon=new Date(year,2,21),gettingDarker=void 0;do{previousMoonInfo=getMoonInfo(fullMoon),fullMoon.setDate(fullMoon.getDate()+1),moonInfo=getMoonInfo(fullMoon),void 0===gettingDarker?gettingDarker=moonInfo.moonIllumination<previousMoonInfo.moonIllumination:gettingDarker&&moonInfo.moonIllumination>previousMoonInfo.moonIllumination&&(gettingDarker=!1)}while(gettingDarker&&moonInfo.moonIllumination<previousMoonInfo.moonIllumination||!gettingDarker&&moonInfo.moonIllumination>previousMoonInfo.moonIllumination);for(fullMoon.setDate(fullMoon.getDate()-1);0!==fullMoon.getDay();)fullMoon.setDate(fullMoon.getDate()+1);return fullMoon}
Then run getEaster(2020); // -> Sun Apr 12 2020