Paper isn't the same shape the world over. I have a document that I want to print differently when it's printed on A4 versus US Letter. Some elements should be hidden or shown. The obvious suggestion is to use a media query like so:
#media print and (max-height: 280mm) {
.a4-only {
display: none;
}
}
This doesn't appear to work, though, presumably because it's using the total document height or some irrelevant window height rather than the page height.
Is there a way of addressing page size accurately?
Browser support for print specific media queries is varied and there doesn't seem to be any good resources for it. It's really not possible to do this cross-browser, in some browsers the support is not there at all. Safari for example, seems to use the size of the browser rather than the page for it's media queries.
You can get it working in Chrome and Firefox. I knocked up a very rough demo using the size ratio to show what is possible with a bit of work. Currently tested and working on current versions of Chrome and Firefox on macOS. You should get a message at the start of the page with the printed page size (only when printed).
http://gsgd.co.uk/sandbox/print-test.html
The main trick is using vw units to check for height, hence using the aspect ratio you can target specific paper sizes:
#media print and (min-height:160vw) and (max-height: 170vw) { /* legal-size styling */ .standard.container::before { content: "LEGAL"; } }
#media print and (min-height:135vw) and (max-height: 145vw) { /* A4 styling */ .standard.container::before { content: "A4"; } }
#media print and (min-height:125vw) and (max-height: 135vw) { /* letter-size styling */ .standard.container::before { content: "LETTER"; } }
Unfortunately it seems like Chrome's page sizes for printing don't match the output page size so I guesstimated some styles that match for Chrome.
#media print and (min-height:120vw) and (max-height: 150vw) { /* legal-size styling */ .chrome.container::before { content: "LEGAL"; } }
#media print and (min-height:100vw) and (max-height: 120vw) { /* A4 styling */ .chrome.container::before { content: "A4"; } }
#media print and (min-height:80vw) and (max-height: 100vw) { /* letter-size styling */ .chrome.container::before { content: "LETTER"; } }
With an incredibly rudimentary browser detector script
if(navigator.userAgent.match(/chrome/i)) {
document.querySelector('.container').className = 'chrome container'
}
An idea to get something to work for Safari would be to manually resizing the window, but that would likely be a ton of work and require the user to select print size up front.
All that said you might get better mileage fixing up your layout to respond better to different widths.
Related
Looking at some CSS that another department designed and came across this media descriptor:
#media (max-width:-1) {
...standard css stuff here
}
Since you cannot have width < 0, what would the purpose be of this? Maybe just some leftover CSS which was being tested?
In addition, also came across
#media (min-width:0) {
}
Which of course would always be active.
#media (max-width:-1) {
...standard css stuff here
}
I believe this is invalid condition so it will never get executed
#media (min-width:0) {
}
basically telling the browser that apply CSS only if the viewport is 0 pixels wide or wider(greater than or equal 0) , in this case, all screen sizes.
#media (max-width:-1) {
...standard CSS stuff here
}
Means screen width is between 0 and -1. As #Rahul said is an invalid condition.
This question already has answers here:
Apply only to IE 11 within media query for screen size
(2 answers)
Closed 4 years ago.
I'm having some issues with IE11 similar to this post. I have a menu that expands at a certain size (1440px) and breaks in IE11. Using Media Queries I can target IE11 using (-ms-high-contrast: none), (-ms-high-contrast: active). However, I only want this at a certain resolution (> 1440px ).
I've tried various combinations of
#media screen and (min-width: 1440px) and (-ms-high-contrast: none) and (-ms-high-contrast: active)
But they don't seem to work
How to target and element in IE11 at screen size > 1440px without affecting the other browsers or using JS.
After searching through the depths of Stack Overflow I managed to find someone with the same problem.
Using:
#media only screen and (min-width: 1440px) {
_:-ms-fullscreen, :root .THECLASSNAME { width: 575px; }
}
Made it work.
Using CSS:
#media(min-width: 1440px){
.element{
-ms-high-contrast: none;
}
}
#media(max-width: 1440px){
.element{
-ms-high-contrast: active;
}
}
Remember that #media can also be used for print interfaces, so #media screen is simply specifying that these rules are to be implemented when displaying on a screen, but not when printing. #media by itself is more broad, and would apply to print.
Using jQuery:
if you want plain js you can translate it:
$( window ).width();
or
$( document ).width();
(use one or another depending on the behaviour you need)
you can programatically check screen sixze with:
$(document).ready(function(){
if($(window).width() > 1440){
$('.element').addClass('msClass');
}else{
if($('.element').hasClass('msClass'){
$('.element').addClass('msClass');
}
}
});
This only works when document loads, but you can add a dynamic function with:
//Window resize event listener, you'll need to put the other function first if you want it to being applied when you load the view.
$(window).resize(function(){
//if the actual window width is greater than 1440...
if($(window).width() > 1440){
//add a class to the desired element/s (this class must include the changes you want when more than 1440p)
$('.element').addClass('msClass');
//if the screen resizes below 1440p...
}else{
//if the class is set before
if($('.element').hasClass('msClass'){
//remove this class
$('.element').addClass('msClass');
}
}
});
You must create a class called msClass if you follow this example, where you put whatever you want to happen when >1440p.
Element is related to the element class (you can even use an id with $('#element') specifically set at the element/s you want to take this behaviour).
Hope it helps
So you see a lot of code examples do something like
#media all and (max-width:640px) {
div {
background-color:red;
}
}
Now afaik, the keywords "all" and "screen" and some others are for selecting the device type this applies to and the line is just supposed to provide a boolean output.
Since "all" applies to every device, one would imagine that its always 1 and (1 && x) always equals x so "all and" should make no difference whatsoever.
I tried out
#media (max-width:640px) {
div {
background-color:red;
}
}
and at least my browsers agree. Is there anything else I should know about?
See the spec: https://www.w3.org/TR/css3-mediaqueries/
The ‘print’ and ‘screen’ media types are defined in HTML4. The complete list of media types in HTML4 is: ‘aural’, ‘braille’, ‘handheld’, ‘print’, ‘projection’, ‘screen’, ‘tty’, ‘tv’. CSS2 defines the same list, deprecates ‘aural’ and adds ‘embossed’ and ‘speech’. Also, ‘all’ is used to indicate that the style sheet applies to all media types.
...
A shorthand syntax is offered for media queries that apply to all media types; the keyword ‘all’ can be left out (along with the trailing ‘and’). I.e. if the media type is not explicitly given it is ‘all’.
/* I.e. these are identical: */
#media all and (min-width:500px) { … }
#media (min-width:500px) { … }
/* As are these: */
#media (orientation: portrait) { … }
#media all and (orientation: portrait) { … }
In addition, the following media types: 'tty', 'tv', 'projection', 'handheld', 'braille', 'embossed', 'aural' have been deprecated in Media Queries Level 4.
all refers to: all media type devices, print: used for printing, screen: used for desktop screens, mobiles, tablets etc and speech: used for screen-readers that "reads" the page out loud.
In your case where you have specified media type as all, you can try printing the page by right clicking. The printed page will have all the styles applied in short it will exactly look the same.
Now take another example where you specify the media type as screen. If you try to print the page you will not see all the styles getting applied to the page as the styles were defined for screen alone.
If one does not specify all in media query it is by default taken as all.
#media screen {
div {
color: blue;
}
.print{
display: none;
}
}
#media print and (min-width: 200px){
div{
color: tomato;
}
div.not('.example'){
display:none !important;
}
.print{
display: block;
}
}
<div class="example">
<div>Try printing me. See if this blue color appears while printing</div>
<div class="print">I am only visible while printing.</div>
</div>
I've put the following meta tag in my mobile HTML
<meta name = "viewport" content = "initial-scale = 1.0">
After I coded the css file for mobile version, I realized it doesn't look good on lanscape mode since it has a different width size. I get an empty 160 pixel area on the right side.
Other than writing a separate css file for landscape mode, is there any way getting out of this?
You also need to bind the orientation change event. You can do it with this sample script:
<script>
$(function(){
function orient() {
if (window.orientation == 0 || window.orientation == 180) {
$('.featured').css('display','none');
orientation = 'portrait';
return false;
}
else if (window.orientation == 90 || window.orientation == -90) {
$('.featured').css('display','block');
orientation = 'landscape';
return false;
}
}
$(window).bind( 'orientationchange', function(e){
orient();
});
})();
</script>
If your css layout is based on screen percents instead of absolute values it should allow you to adjust to any screen layout without multiple css files just fine.
Look at the percent option: http://www.w3schools.com/cssref/pr_dim_width.asp
Or if you had a layout you wanted constant, you could center it.
center align the outise wrapper.
body{
max-width:786;/*target size of page*/
margin:0 auto auto auto;
}
is the easiest way.
You can use media queries to detect orientation changes and run different styles for each all in the same stylesheet.
Also for mobile it's a good idea to you use % rather than px for widths - what units do you use for css for mobile web apps?
/* Portrait */
#media screen and (orientation:portrait) {
/* Portrait styles */
}
/* Landscape */
#media screen and (orientation:landscape) {
/* Landscape styles */
}
I recently implemented this technique with SASS 3.2 using #content blocks on a project I've been working on, and I've just gotten to the point where I need to include support for older browsers such as IE7 and 8.
Example:
.overview {
padding: 0 0 19px;
#include respond-to(medium-screens) {
padding-top: 19px;
} //medium-screens
#include respond-to(wide-screens) {
padding-top: 19px;
} //medium-screens
}
They both don't support media queries, and I've often handled this in the past by serving up all styles to these browsers when I had my media queries separated into separate partial files such as _320.scss, _480.scss and in my IE stylesheet loading them like so:
#import 320.scss;
#import 480.scss;
etc.
Which would load all styles, and always assign IE7 - 8 a 940px (or whatever the max width is) layout and styles. By nesting styles in SASS 3.2 inline like this, it eliminates the need for separate partial stylesheets, but totally screws up how I load styles for IE.
Any ideas or solutions on how to combat this? I could use a polyfill such as respond.js to force IE to use media queries, but would prefer to just serve up a non-flexible site to IE.
Any ideas on either how to best organize these files, or a better solution?
You can generate a separate stylesheet for IE<9 that contains everything your normal sheet has, but with flattened media queries based on a set width.
Full explanation here http://jakearchibald.github.com/sass-ie/, but basically you have this mixin:
$fix-mqs: false !default;
#mixin respond-min($width) {
// If we're outputting for a fixed media query set...
#if $fix-mqs {
// ...and if we should apply these rules...
#if $fix-mqs >= $width {
// ...output the content the user gave us.
#content;
}
}
#else {
// Otherwise, output it using a regular media query
#media screen and (min-width: $width) {
#content;
}
}
}
Which you'd use like this:
#include respond-min(45em) {
float: left;
width: 70%;
}
This would be inside all.scss, which would compile down to all.css with media queries. However, you'd also have an additional file, all-old-ie.scss:
$fix-mqs: 65em;
#import 'all';
That simply imports all, but flattens media query blocks given a fake width of 65em.
I use LESS for a lot of my work, but on larger projects, with many people working across files, I don't like using breakpoint files, such as 1024.less.
My and my team use a modular approach, such as header.less which contains all the code for just the header, including the associated breakpoints.
To get round IE problems (we work in a corporate environment), I use this approach:
#media screen\9, screen and (min-width: 40em) {
/* Media queries here */
}
The code inside the media query is always executed by IE7 and less. IE9 and above obeys the media queries like a proper browser should. The problem is IE8. To solve this, you need to make it behave like IE7
X-UA-Compatible "IE=7,IE=9,IE=edge"
I've found this doesn't always work if set in the metatags in the HTML, so set it using the server headers.
See the gist here:
https://gist.github.com/thefella/9888963
Making IE8 act like IE7 isn't a solution that works for everyone, but it suits my needs.
Jake Archibald has the best technique I've seen to date for achieving this. This technique automatically creates a separate stylesheet for IE, with all the same styles inside of your media queries but without the media query itself.
I also campaigned to get this technique built into the popular breakpoint extension for Sass, if you're interested in using that!
If you wanted to keep everything under one roof and only have a single http request for your older browser visitors you could do something like this
Setting up your initial respondto mixin
// initial variables set-up
$doc-font-size: 16;
$doc-line-height: 24;
// media query mixin (min-width only)
#mixin breakpoint($point) {
#media (min-width: $point / $doc-font-size +em) { #content; }
}
this will create a min-width media query and output your px value ($point) as an em value.
From this you'd need to create this mixin
#mixin rwdIE($name, $wrapper-class, $IE: true) {
#if $IE == true {
.lt-ie9 .#{$wrapper-class} {
#content;
}
.#{$wrapper-class} {
#include breakpoint($name) {
#content;
}
}
}
#else if $IE == false {
.#{$wrapper-class} {
#include breakpoint($name) {
#content;
}
}
}
}
Here if you pass a piece of Sass(SCSS) like this
#include rwdIE(456, test) {
background-color: #d13400;
}
it will return this code
.lt-ie9 .test {
background-color: #d13400;
}
#media (min-width: 28.5em) {
.test {
background-color: #d13400;
}
}
This will give you the you the IE and 'new browser' CSS in one file. If you write -
#include rwdIE(456, test, false) {
background-color: #d13400;
}
You will get -
#media (min-width: 28.5em) {
.test {
background-color: #d13400;
}
}
I hope this helps, I've got this on a codepen here too - http://codepen.io/sturobson/pen/CzGuI
There is a CSS3 Mixin I use that has a variable for IE filters. You could do something similar by having a global variable, $forIE or something, wrap the media query mixin within an if and then generate the stylesheet with or w/o the queries.
#if $forIE == 0 {
// Media Query Mixin
}
Or use the #if to import a 3rd scss (_forIE.scss?) that will override things with your IE specific styles.