Worldclim database is not working for random samples - r

I have a raster with a forest cover of one area
class : RasterLayer
dimensions : 5436, 2633, 14312988 (nrow, ncol, ncell)
resolution : 100, 100 (x, y)
extent : -109346.5, 153953.5, -290837.1, 252762.9 (xmin, xmax, ymin, ymax)
coord. ref. : +proj=tmerc +lat_0=39.66825833333333 +lon_0=-8.133108333333334 +k=1 +x_0=0 +y_0=0 +ellps=GRS80 +towgs84=0,0,0,0,0,0,0 +units=m +no_defs
data source : c://Total_Forest_cove
names : Total_Forest_cove
with values from 0 to 3 I want to create a dataset with random samples from the pixels with values higher than 0.
For that I do
library(dismo)
Forestcover[Forestcover < 1] <- NA
randompoints <- sampleRandom(Forestcover, size = 10, sp=TRUE, na.rm=TRUE)
plot(Forestcover, axes=FALSE, legend=FALSE)
randompoints <- coordinates(randompoints)
when I try to pull out the enviromental variables form worldclim
randpoints_wc <- extract(worldclim, randompoints)
randpoints_wc <- cbind(randompoints, randpoints_wc)
My dataset is always empty
Not sure if there is other method to extract random that can be apply here.
Regards

Your forest cover data set has a Mercator coordinate reference system
coord. ref. : +proj=tmerc
You do not show your WorldClim data, but presumably it has
coord. ref. : +proj=longlat
So, it is no surprise (and a good thing) that you get an empty result set. You can use rgadl::spTransform to make the coordinates match the raster.
For example:
fc <- reclassify(ForestCover, cbind(1, Inf, NA))
randompoints <- sampleRandom(fc, size = 10, sp=TRUE, na.rm=TRUE)
library(rgdal)
rp <- spTransform(randompoints, CRS("+proj=longlat +datum=WGS84"))
rp_wc <- extract(worldclim, rp)
rp_wc <- cbind(coordinates(randompoints), coordinates(rp), rp_wc)

Related

Why rasterToPolygons is creating horizontal lines?

I am trying to transform a raster layer to polygons based on its values. My raster looks like this:
> labels_rast
class : RasterLayer
dimensions : 26, 64, 1664 (nrow, ncol, ncell)
resolution : 0.03000146, 0.02999809 (x, y)
extent : 352032, 352033.9, 8551454, 8551455 (xmin, xmax, ymin, ymax)
coord. ref. : +proj=utm +zone=18 +south +datum=WGS84 +units=m +no_defs+ellps=WGS84 +towgs84=0,0,0
data source : in memory
names : layer
values : 1, 3 (min, max)
When I apply the rasterToPolygons function (dissolve = TRUE), I get extra polygons (defined by horizontal lines):
How can I avoid the creation of the polygons defined by the horizontal lines?
It works for this very similar case:
library(raster)
r <- raster(nrow=26, ncol=64, xmn=352032, xmx=352033.9, ymn=8551454, ymx=8551455, crs="+proj=utm +zone=18 +south +datum=WGS84 +units=m", vals=3)
r[, 20:40] <- 2
r[1:3, 1:60] <- 1
r[24:26, 5:64] <- 1
x <- rasterToPolygons(r, dissolve=TRUE)
plot(r)
lines(x)
I am guessing that it does not work for you because of floating point imprecision. Would have to see your file to be sure. But, if so, perhaps you can round the extent (or resolution) a little bit.
For example
res(labels_rast) <- 0.03
y <- rasterToPolygons(labels_rast, dissolve=TRUE)

Crop raster with polygon in R: Error extent does not overlap

I want to crop a raster stack using a polygon shapefile i made in ArcGIS, however I get error that extent does not overlap.
First I create the raster stack:
test1 < stack("C:/mydir/test1.tif")
define projection
myCRS <- test1#crs
then read shapefile
myExtent <- readShapePoly("C:/mydir/loc1.shp", verbose=TRUE, proj4string=myCRS)
Crop
myCrop <- crop(test1, myExtent)
Error in .local(x, y, ...) : extents do not overlap
I have searched for a solution, but i only find that projection can be the problem, however they are definetly both in the same CRS:
> test1$test1.1
class : RasterLayer
band : 1 (of 4 bands)
dimensions : 10980, 10980, 120560400 (nrow, ncol, ncell)
resolution : 10, 10 (x, y)
extent : 6e+05, 709800, 5690220, 5800020 (xmin, xmax, ymin, ymax)
coord. ref. : +proj=utm +zone=31 +datum=WGS84 +units=m +no_defs +ellps=WGS84
+towgs84=0,0,0
data source : C:\mydir\test1.tif
names : test1.1
values : 0, 65535 (min, max)
> myExtent
class : SpatialPolygonsDataFrame
features : 1
extent : 499386.6, 517068.2, 6840730, 6857271 (xmin, xmax, ymin, ymax)
coord. ref. : +proj=utm +zone=31 +datum=WGS84 +units=m +no_defs +ellps=WGS84
+towgs84=0,0,0
variables : 2
names : Shape_Leng, Shape_Area
min values : 67444.6461177, 283926851.657
max values : 67444.6461177, 283926851.657
The message is pretty self explanatory. Your extent do not overlap... here how to check it:
library(raster)
ext.ras <- extent(6e+05, 709800, 5690220, 5800020)
ext.pol <- extent(499386.6, 517068.2, 6840730, 6857271)
plot(ext.ras, xlim = c( 499386.6,709800), ylim= c(5690220,6857271), col="red")
plot(ext.pol, add=T, col="blue")
I've created extent object from data in your question. You see one extent in the top left corner and the other in the bottom right. Have you tried reading both files in QGIS, you could probably easily see it.
If they really are suppose to overlap, than I would suspect the way you read your shapefile. Instead of
myExtent <- readShapePoly("C:/mydir/loc1.shp", verbose=TRUE, proj4string=myCRS)
use :
library(rgdal)
myExtent <- readOGR("C:/mydir","loc1.shp")
myExtent <- spTRansform(myExtent, CRS(proj4string(test1)))

Add SpatialPointsDataFrame and SpatialLinesDataFrame to raster plot

I need to convert a shape file into a raster and have absolutely no clue where to even start.
If anyone could help me out I'd really appreciate!
Update: I have found out about the 'readOGR'-function, but everytime I use it I get the following message:
Warning messages:
1: In readOGR(dsn = "C:/Users/Giaco/Dropbox/Random Walk/Waterbodies", :
Dropping null geometries: 308, 309
2: In readOGR(dsn = "C:/Users/Giaco/Dropbox/Random Walk/Waterbodies", :
Z-dimension discarded
Can somebody tell me what that means?
Edit:
altdata <- raster("altitude.tif")
plot(altdata)
Lotic <- readOGR(dsn="C:/Users/Giaco/Dropbox/Random Walk/Waterbodies",layer="Lotic")
Lentic <- readOGR(dsn="C:/Users/Giaco/Dropbox/Random Walk/Waterbodies",layer="Lentic")
How can I plot the raster "altdata", the SpatialPointsDataFrame "Lentic" and the SpatialLinesDataFrame "Lotic" all in one plot ?
Edit:
altdata
class : RasterLayer
dimensions : 1286, 963, 1238418 (nrow, ncol, ncell)
resolution : 15, 15 (x, y)
extent : 90938.29, 105383.3, 190000, 209290 (xmin, xmax, ymin, ymax)
coord. ref. : +proj=tmerc +lat_0=39.66666666666666 +lon_0=1 +k=1 +x_0=200000 +y_0=300000 +ellps=intl +pm=-9.131906111111112 +units=m +no_defs
data source : C:\Users\Giaco\Dropbox\Random Walk\altitude.tif
names : altitude
values : -32768, 32767 (min, max)
> Lentic
class : SpatialPointsDataFrame
features : 182
extent : -108473.2, -95455.86, -107870.9, -91344.22 (xmin, xmax, ymin, ymax)
coord. ref. : +proj=tmerc +lat_0=39.66825833333333 +lon_0=-8.133108333333334 +k=1 +x_0=0 +y_0=0 +ellps=GRS80 +units=m +no_defs
variables : 3
names : Presence, Type, Accessible
min values : 0, Fountain, 0
max values : 1, Well, 2
> Lotic
class : SpatialLinesDataFrame
features : 317
extent : -108956.5, -93832.44, -108979.5, -90747.34 (xmin, xmax, ymin, ymax)
coord. ref. : +proj=tmerc +lat_0=39.66825833333333 +lon_0=-8.133108333333334 +k=1 +x_0=0 +y_0=0 +ellps=GRS80 +units=m +no_defs
variables : 1
names : Presence
min values : 0
max values : 1
Using base plot, there are two way to overlay vector data on a raster. First plot the raster, then you can either call plot for each feature class using the add=TRUE argument. Alternately, you can use the points and lines functions which will also add to the current plot.
Create some example data
library(raster)
library(sp)
r <- raster(nrows=180, ncols=360, xmn=571823.6, xmx=616763.6, ymn=4423540,
ymx=4453690, resolution=270, crs = CRS("+proj=utm +zone=12 +datum=NAD83
+units=m +no_defs +ellps=GRS80 +towgs84=0,0,0"))
r[] <- runif(ncell(r))
pts <- sampleRandom(r, 10, na.rm = TRUE, sp = TRUE)
Plot the raster then call plot again, with add=TRUE, to add points.
plot(r)
plot(pts, pch=20, cex=2, col="red", add=TRUE)
Or, plot the raster and use points to add the point feature class.
plot(r)
points(pts, pch=20, cex=2, col="red")
Edit: Your extents between the raster and vector feature classes do not overlap.
We can create SpatialPolygons using the extent of your objects and an example raster (with a uniform value of 1).
library(raster)
proj <- sp::CRS("+proj=tmerc +lat_0=39.66666666666666 +lon_0=1 +k=1 +x_0=200000 +y_0=300000
+ellps=intl +pm=-9.131906111111112 +units=m +no_defs")
r.ext <- as(extent(90938.29, 105383.3, 190000, 209290), "SpatialPolygons")
proj4string(r.ext) <- proj
pt.ext <- as(extent(-108473.2, -95455.86, -107870.9, -91344.22), "SpatialPolygons")
proj4string(pt.ext) <- proj
line.ext <- as(extent(-108956.5, -93832.44, -108979.5, -90747.34), "SpatialPolygons")
proj4string(line.ext) <- proj
r <- raster(r.ext, resolution = c(15,15), crs = proj)
r[] <- rep(1, ncell(r))
Here we see that if we plot the raster and then the point and line extent polygons, you cannot see them.
plot(r)
plot(pt.ext, add=TRUE)
plot(line.ext, add=TRUE)
However, if we plot the line and point extent polygons they overlay just fine.
plot(line.ext)
plot(pt.ext,add=TRUE)
If we limit the raster extent to the extent of the line object, you should see the raster sub-region, but do not. And, if you try to crop the raster you will receive an "Error in .local(x, y, ...) : extents do not overlap" error.
plot(line.ext)
plot(r, add=TRUE)

Crop rasterLayer with SpatialPolygonDataFrame leaves out part of the target region R

library(raster)
library(ncdf4)
library(rgdal)
I am trying to crop a raster layer based on polygon: sample data (~45MB) can be found here sample data for illustration:
dat<- raster('data.nc')# make a subset
dat
class : RasterLayer
dimensions : 824, 935, 770440 (nrow, ncol, ncell)
resolution : 10000, 10000 (x, y)
extent : -5000, 9345000, -5000, 8235000 (xmin, xmax, ymin, ymax)
coord. ref. : NA
data source : C:\Users\data.nc
names : Total.Precipitation
zvar : Total.Precipitation
As coord. ref is = NA, I assign a polar stereographic projection based on information from the website of the data provider.
projj=CRS("+proj=stere +lat_0=90 +lat_ts=90 +lon_0=-100 +k=0.994 +x_0=2000000 +y_0=2000000 +datum=WGS84 +units=m +no_defs")
proj4string(dat) <- projj
#rx <- projectRaster(from=dat, crs=wgs84.p4s)
Then transform the bbox shapefile to projj
shgrid <- spTransform(Prairie.Boundaries, projj)# transform to dat spat reference
plot(dat)
plot(shgrid,add=T)# this gives
CROPPING
cr <- crop(dat, extent(shgrid))
plot(cr)
fr <- rasterize(shgrid, cr)
dat1<- mask(x=cr, mask=fr)
levelplot(dat1)
OUTPUT:
The cropped image shows only part of canada but I want all of Canada.
What did I miss within my code? Could it be the projection?
Besides I would prefer the axes labels in latlon coordinates.
Any suggestions?

reproject raster (WGS84 to BNG) with large resolution

i'm doing a simple enough operation, reprojecting a raster from WGS84 to British National Grid, but i am wondering about some of the results post reprojection. The sum of the resulting rasters are quite different; is this due to the resolution and the way the bilinear interpolation in 'projectRaster' works?
I started with a csv that has global data covering the range of -180 to 180 degrees in both latitude and longitude (integer values only), with some z-values. this is subsetted, made into a raster of projection WGS84 and converted to BNG (subset below):
x <- rep(c(-10:3), times = 10)
n <- 14
y <- rep(48:57, each=n)
z <- rnorm(n=140, mean=20, sd=5)
ind <- which(z %in% sample(z, 45))
z[ind]<-NA
df <- data.frame("x"=x,"y"=y,"value"=z)
bng <- '+proj=tmerc +lat_0=49 +lon_0=-2 +k=0.9996012717 +x_0=400000 +y_0=-100000 +ellps=airy +datum=OSGB36 +units=m +no_defs'
wgs84 <- '+proj=longlat +ellps=WGS84 +datum=WGS84 +no_defs'
coordinates(df) = ~x + y
ras = rasterFromXYZ(df, crs=wgs84)
cellStats(ras,sum)
plot(ras)
ras_bng <- projectRaster(ras,crs=bng)
plot(ras_bng)
cellStats(ras_bng,sum)
the sum goes from 1919 to 2625 (in my case), a fair chunk.
Is it purely from the reprojection creating so many extra cells around the 'edges'? if i were to reproject to a raster of much smaller resolution (5km), would this reduce the differing sums considerably?
thanks, S
> ras
class : RasterLayer
dimensions : 10, 14, 140 (nrow, ncol, ncell)
resolution : 1, 1 (x, y)
extent : -10.5, 3.5, 47.5, 57.5 (xmin, xmax, ymin, ymax)
coord. ref. : +proj=longlat +ellps=WGS84 +datum=WGS84 +no_defs +towgs84=0,0,0
data source : in memory
names : layer
values : 3.243918, 32.21532 (min, max)
> ras_bng
class : RasterLayer
dimensions : 12, 19, 228 (nrow, ncol, ncell)
resolution : 67900, 111000 (x, y)
extent : -375677.8, 914422.2, -343553.2, 988446.8 (xmin, xmax, ymin, ymax)
coord. ref. : +proj=tmerc +lat_0=49 +lon_0=-2 +k=0.9996012717 +x_0=400000 +y_0=-100000 +ellps=airy +datum=OSGB36 +units=m +no_defs +towgs84=446.448,-125.157,542.060,0.1502,0.2470,0.8421,-20.4894
data source : in memory
names : layer
values : 8.174968, 28.31331 (min, max)
This is because the NA values in 'ras'.
The difference is small when you take out z[ind]<-NA. This is because projectRaster implicitly uses "na.rm=TRUE"; perhaps an argument is needed to change that. This is not as simple as in other cases, as, for example, only one of the cells interpolated from may be NA, in which case it should probably be computed.
In practice it is rare to find this many NA values, typically they are confined to the edges (of land) only.
By the way WGS84 is a datum,it is not a projection. The projection you are using would be 'longitude/latitude' (also known by other names) except that this is also not a projection since the whole point of a projection is to go from such angular coordinates to planar coordinates. So, you are transforming one coordinate reference system ('long/lat, WGS84') to another (BNG).

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