Please explain me which transformation should I be using in the below code to apply WN model.
Below is the code where difference is used, I did not use log() because the series is decaying :
data <- c(60088,48398,54687,43337,47839,43480,53297,46882,45387,47186,42794,43274,31486,29036,25242,21792,23699,19161)
diff_data <- diff(data)
ts.plot(diff_data)
model_wn <- arima(diff_data, order = c(0, 0, 0))
coeff<-model_wn$coef
ts.plot(data)
abline(0, coeff)
Please explain me two things:
with ts.plot and abline, the abline is not visible in the graph
what can I utilise using the time series analysis with the above data.
'abline' has some parameters that you can specify, for example-
If you want a horizontal line you need to specify h = y-value
If you want a vertical line, you need to specify v = x-value
Your plot is produced by-
ts.plot(data)
If you want a horizontal line in your plot, add this code after the above code-
abline(h = 40000, lty = "dashed", col = "black")
'lty' is for line type and 'col' is for line color.
Similarly, if you want a vertical line, replace 'h' with 'v' in the above code. But remember that the value of 'v' should be within the bounds of your x-variable values.
Hope this helps answer you're question.
Related
Trying to produce both a stripchart and a boxplot of the same (transformed) data but (because the boxplot is shifted down a tad) I don't want the axis labels twice:
set.seed(3121975)
bee = list(x1=rnbinom(50, mu = 4, size = .1),
x2=rnbinom(30,mu=6,size=.1),
x3=rnbinom(40,mu=2,size=.1))
f = function(x) asinh(sqrt(4*x+1.5))
stripchart(lapply(bee,f),method="stack",offset=.13,ylim=c(.8,3.9))
boxplot(lapply(bee,f),horizontal=TRUE,boxwex=.05,at=(1:3)-.1,add=TRUE,ann=FALSE)
Other things that don't work include: (i) leaving ann to take its default value of !add, (ii) specifying labels for ylab.
I presume I have missed something obvious but I am not seeing what it might be.
Just add yaxt = 'n' into boxplot() to suppress plotting of the y-axis. The argument ann controls axis titles and overall titles, not the axis itself.
I have a time series that I'd like to plot using the polygon function as I want to create a shade between different time series. However, when calling polygon (), the function adds a line between the first and last point (in essence it connects the first and last point to finish the plot). I would like to know how to tell R not to join up the two. Slightly related questions have been posted (Line connecting the points in the plot function in R) but the solutions didn't help. Any help would be appreciated.
I have already tried several things, such as reordering the data like in the part below.
% ts_lb_vec is my time-series in vector format;
% x is a vector of time (2000 to 2015);
% I first call plot which plots x (time) with y (the time-series). This works fine;
plot(x, ts_lb_vec,type='n',ylim=c(-300,300), ylab="", xlab="")
But if I want to use the polygon function to use the shading capabilities, it draws the line and I have tried reordering the data (as below) to try to eliminate the problem but this is unsuccessful
polygon(x[order(x),ts_lb_vec[order(x)], xlim=range(x), ylim=range(ts_lb_vec))
I would just like R when calling the polygon function to not connect my first and last point (see image). The figure attached bellow was produced using the following code:
plot(x, ts_lb_vec,type='n', ylab="", xlab="")
polygon(x, ts_lb_vec)
Just to clarify, what I would like is for the space between two time series to be filled, hence why I need the function polygon. See image below
I put together a solution using ggplot2.
The key step is drawing a separate polygon where the order of one of the curves is inverted to avoid the crossing over back to the start.
# simple example data
examp.df <- data.frame(time = seq_len(15), a = c(1,2,3,4,5,5,5,4,3,2,4,5,6,7,8), b = c(2,4,5,6,7,8,7,6,6,5,6,4,3,2,1))
# the polygon is generated by inverting the curve b
polygon <- data.frame(time <- c(examp.df$time, rev(examp.df$time)), y.pos = c(examp.df$a, rev(examp.df$b)))
ggplot(examp.df) +
geom_polygon(data = polygon, aes(x = time, y = y.pos), fill = "blue", alpha = 0.25) +
geom_line(aes(x= time, y = a), size = 1, color = "red") +
geom_line(aes(x = time, y = b), size = 1, color = "green") +
theme_classic()
Which results in:
If you want to know more about ggplot2 this is a good introduction.
How can I add labels in a plot where I've used the function plot and points?
I have the following code
x<-seq(0,1,.01)
alpha=2
beta=3
y<-dbeta(x,alpha,beta)
plot(x,y,ylim=c(0,5.9))
n=10
y1<-dbeta(x,alpha+x,beta+n-x)
points(x,y1)
And the display is
I would like to indicate with labels this is prior and this is posterior .Also indicating which parameters are being used.
I know how to add labels when you only use plot(x,y,xlab="y axis")
but not when combined with points also this form of labeled would not be that clear in the plot.
The labels not in the usual form as is x and y labels in the plot, but indicating inside the plot, this is the prior and this the posterior.
Could you please help?
Thank you in advance.
By the comment of #Chase,
Using the function text().
Example:
text(x = .2, y = 5, label = "Posterior distribution").
I have two data set, I need to plot them in same graph. Here is the two dataset.
The following is the code I used to plot the data. How to plot above data in same plot ? How to set the graph legend on the x-axis? I tried setting it but it didn't work I got some error.
m_bs = conpl$new(sample_data1$V1)
m_eq = conpl$new(sample_data2$V1)
est = estimate_xmin(m_bs, xmax=5e+5)
est_eq = estimate_xmin(m_eq, xmax=Inf)
m_bs$setXmin(est_bs)
m_eq$setXmin(est_eq)
plot(m_bs)
lines(m_bs)
d = plot(m_eq, draw =FALSE)
points(d$x, d$y, col=2)
lines(m_eq,col=2,lwd=2)
Kindly let me know thanks.
You code works find for me when I used simulated data. However, I think your problem is with your data. In particular, you need to set the xlim values in your plot command. Something like:
min_x = min(sample_data1$V1, sample_data1$V2)
max_x = max(sample_data1$V1, sample_data1$V2)
plot(m_bs, xlim=c(min_x, max_x))
Should do the trick. To add a legend, just use the legend function
legend("bottomleft", col=1:2, legend = c("BS", "EQ"), lty=1)
I am plotting means of grouped data and I'm having trouble getting the legends to be right. The text is so large that one can only see the names of two groups, not all four. I have spent a long time trying to use cex-like commands to change the size, but it doesn't work. I have tried rotating them with las=3, but it doesn't work.
I cannot share the data, but the code is here:
plot.question = function(number){
#which question to plot? get ID
question = names(sorted.by.n)[number]
#the formula
form = paste0("DF.scored.g.scale ~ ",question)
#fit it to data
fit = lm(form, DF.merged.g)
#get ANOVA results
fit.anova = anova(fit)
#get ANOVA p value
p.value = round(fit.anova[[5]][2],4) #p value
#plot it
plotmeans(as.formula(form), DF.merged.g,
ylab = "4 g-items sumscore",
xlab = "Answer",
main = paste0(questions.unique[question,"text"],"\nANOVA p=",p.value),
cex.main = .8,
cex.axis = .8,
cex.lab = .8,
cex.sub = .8,
las=3,) #size of main title
}
Preferably, I'd like to simply make the text smaller, so it can fit. Alternatively, I'd like to rotate it so it can fit (perhaps along with a margin change). If not what else?
One can suppress the legends with xaxt="n", but then one has to add them some other way. Can it really not be done within the plotmeans() function?
Well I tried many things and this was the only thing that worked. Apparently plotmeans() creates a plot that you cannot modify in any way. The only thing I was able to do is to overlay text as a new only-text-plot on top of the plotmeans plot.
myfactor <- factor(rep(c('cat1','cat2','cat3'),20)) #make a factor
mynum <- runif(60) #make a numeric field
plotmeans(mynum ~ myfactor,xaxt='n') #plot them
labs <- paste(names(table(myfactor)), "") #make the names
par(new=T) #create new plot
a<-rev(as.numeric(unique(myfactor))) #count the unique factors to make a vector of their numbers to serve as the positions on the x axis
text(cex=1, x=a, y=0.2, labs, xpd=TRUE, srt=35) #insert the text on the graph.
#here you need to modify y according to your data to find the best place to plot them.
#In my case x=c(1,2,3) because I have 3 categories and y=0.2
#because this is the lowest value of the y axis. The srt argument rotates the text.
You should probably be able to either fix the y axis to have standard values and then use the minimum of that number in the y argument of the text function to make a generic function, or calculate the min value of the y axis each time.
Hope that helps!