tidyr - unique way to get combinations (using tidyverse only) - r

I wanted to get all unique pairwise combinations of a unique string column of a dataframe using the tidyverse (ideally).
Here is a dummy example:
library(tidyverse)
a <- letters[1:3] %>%
tibble::as_tibble()
a
#> # A tibble: 3 x 1
#> value
#> <chr>
#> 1 a
#> 2 b
#> 3 c
tidyr::crossing(a, a) %>%
magrittr::set_colnames(c("words1", "words2"))
#> # A tibble: 9 x 2
#> words1 words2
#> <chr> <chr>
#> 1 a a
#> 2 a b
#> 3 a c
#> 4 b a
#> 5 b b
#> 6 b c
#> 7 c a
#> 8 c b
#> 9 c c
Is there a way to remove 'duplicate' combinations here. That is have the output be the following in this example:
# A tibble: 9 x 2
#> words1 words2
#> <chr> <chr>
#> 1 a b
#> 2 a c
#> 3 b c
I was hoping there would be a nice purrr::map or filter approach to pipe into to complete the above.
EDIT: There are similar questions to this one e.g. here, marked by #Sotos. Here I am specifically looking for tidyverse (purrr, dplyr) ways to complete the pipeline I have setup. The other answers use various other packages that I do not want to include as dependencies.

wish there was a better way, but I usually use this...
library(tidyverse)
df <- tibble(value = letters[1:3])
df %>%
expand(value, value1 = value) %>%
filter(value < value1)
# # A tibble: 3 x 2
# value value1
# <chr> <chr>
# 1 a b
# 2 a c
# 3 b c

Something like this?
tidyr::crossing(a, a) %>%
magrittr::set_colnames(c("words1", "words2")) %>%
rowwise() %>%
mutate(words1 = sort(c(words1, words2))[1], # sort order of words for each row
words2 = sort(c(words1, words2))[2]) %>%
filter(words1 != words2) %>% # remove word combinations with itself
unique() # remove duplicates
# A tibble: 3 x 2
words1 words2
<chr> <chr>
1 a b
2 a c
3 b c

Related

Difference by subgroup using R

I have the following dataset:
I want to calculate the difference between values according to the subgroups. Nevertheless, subgroup 1 must come first. Thus 10-0=10; 0-20=-20; 30-31=-1. I want to perform it using R.
I know that it would be something like this, but I do not know how to put the sub_group into the code:
library(tidyverse)
df %>%
group_by(group) %>%
summarise(difference= diff(value))
Edited answer after OP's comment:
The OP clarified that the data are not sorted by sub_group within every group. Therefore, I added the arrange after group_by. The OP further clarified that the value of sub_group == 1 always should be the first term of the difference.
Below I demonstrate how to achieve this in an example with 3 sub_groups within every group. The code rests on the assumption that the lowest value of sub_group == 1. I drop each group's first sub_group after the difference.
library(tidyverse)
df <- tibble(group = rep(LETTERS[1:3], each = 3),
sub_group = rep(1:3, 3),
value = c(10,0,5,0,20,15,30,31,10))
df
#> # A tibble: 9 × 3
#> group sub_group value
#> <chr> <int> <dbl>
#> 1 A 1 10
#> 2 A 2 0
#> 3 A 3 5
#> 4 B 1 0
#> 5 B 2 20
#> 6 B 3 15
#> 7 C 1 30
#> 8 C 2 31
#> 9 C 3 10
df |>
group_by(group) |>
arrange(group, sub_group) |>
mutate(value = first(value) - value) |>
slice(2:n())
#> # A tibble: 6 × 3
#> # Groups: group [3]
#> group sub_group value
#> <chr> <int> <dbl>
#> 1 A 2 10
#> 2 A 3 5
#> 3 B 2 -20
#> 4 B 3 -15
#> 5 C 2 -1
#> 6 C 3 20
Created on 2022-10-18 with reprex v2.0.2
P.S. (from the original answer)
In the example data, you show the wrong difference for group C. It should read -1. I am convinced that most people here would appreciate if you could post your example data using code or at least as text which can be copied instead of a picture.

Continuing a sequence into NAs using dplyr

I am trying to figure out a dplyr specific way of continuing a sequence of numbers when there are NAs in that column.
For example I have this dataframe:
library(tibble)
dat <- tribble(
~x, ~group,
1, "A",
2, "A",
NA_real_, "A",
NA_real_, "A",
1, "B",
NA_real_, "B",
3, "B"
)
dat
#> # A tibble: 7 × 2
#> x group
#> <dbl> <chr>
#> 1 1 A
#> 2 2 A
#> 3 NA A
#> 4 NA A
#> 5 1 B
#> 6 NA B
#> 7 3 B
I would like this one:
#> # A tibble: 7 × 2
#> x group
#> <dbl> <chr>
#> 1 1 A
#> 2 2 A
#> 3 3 A
#> 4 4 A
#> 5 1 B
#> 6 2 B
#> 7 3 B
When I try this I get a warning which makes me think I am probably approaching this incorrectly:
library(dplyr)
dat %>%
group_by(group) %>%
mutate(n = n()) %>%
mutate(new_seq = seq_len(n))
#> Warning in seq_len(n): first element used of 'length.out' argument
#> Warning in seq_len(n): first element used of 'length.out' argument
#> # A tibble: 7 × 4
#> # Groups: group [2]
#> x group n new_seq
#> <dbl> <chr> <int> <int>
#> 1 1 A 4 1
#> 2 2 A 4 2
#> 3 NA A 4 3
#> 4 NA A 4 4
#> 5 1 B 3 1
#> 6 NA B 3 2
#> 7 3 B 3 3
It's easier if you do it in one go. Your approach is not 'wrong', it is just that seq_len needs one integer, and you are giving a vector (n), so seq_len corrects it by using the first value.
dat %>%
group_by(group) %>%
mutate(x = seq_len(n()))
Note that row_number might be even easier here:
dat %>%
group_by(group) %>%
mutate(x = row_number())
We could use rowid directly if the intention is to create a sequence and group size is just intermediate column
library(data.table)
library(dplyr)
dat %>%
mutate(new_seq = rowid(group))
The issue with using a column after it is created is that it is no longer a single row as showed in #Maëls post. If we need to do that, use first as seq_len is not vectorized and here it is not needed as well
dat %>%
group_by(group) %>%
mutate(n = n()) %>%
mutate(new_seq = seq_len(first(n)))
A base R option using ave (work in a similar way as group_by in dplyr)
> transform(dat, x = ave(x, group, FUN = seq_along))
x group
1 1 A
2 2 A
3 3 A
4 4 A
5 1 B
6 2 B
7 3 B

How to add a row to each group and assign values

I have this tibble:
library(tibble)
library(dplyr)
df <- tibble(id = c("one", "two", "three"),
A = c(1,2,3),
B = c(4,5,6))
id A B
<chr> <dbl> <dbl>
1 one 1 4
2 two 2 5
3 three 3 6
I want to add a row to each group AND assign values to the new column BUT with a function (here the new row in each group should get A=4 B = the first group value of column B USING first(B)-> desired output:
id A B
<chr> <dbl> <dbl>
1 one 1 4
2 one 4 4
3 three 3 6
4 three 4 6
5 two 2 5
6 two 4 5
I have tried so far:
If I add a row in a ungrouped tibble with add_row -> this works perfect!
df %>%
add_row(A=4, B=4)
id A B
<chr> <dbl> <dbl>
1 one 1 4
2 two 2 5
3 three 3 6
4 NA 4 4
If I try to use add_row in a grouped tibble -> this works not:
df %>%
group_by(id) %>%
add_row(A=4, B=4)
Error: Can't add rows to grouped data frames.
Run `rlang::last_error()` to see where the error occurred.
According to this post Add row in each group using dplyr and add_row() we could use group_modify -> this works great:
df %>%
group_by(id) %>%
group_modify(~ add_row(A=4, B=4, .x))
id A B
<chr> <dbl> <dbl>
1 one 1 4
2 one 4 4
3 three 3 6
4 three 4 4
5 two 2 5
6 two 4 4
I want to assign to column B the first value of column B (or it can be any function min(B), max(B) etccc.) -> this does not work:
df %>%
group_by(id) %>%
group_modify(~ add_row(A=4, B=first(B), .x))
Error in h(simpleError(msg, call)) :
Fehler bei der Auswertung des Argumentes 'x' bei der Methodenauswahl für Funktion 'first': object 'B' not found
library(tidyverse)
df <- tibble(id = c("one", "two", "three"),
A = c(1,2,3),
B = c(4,5,6))
df %>%
group_by(id) %>%
summarise(add_row(cur_data(), A = 4, B = first(cur_data()$B)))
#> `summarise()` has grouped output by 'id'. You can override using the `.groups` argument.
#> # A tibble: 6 × 3
#> # Groups: id [3]
#> id A B
#> <chr> <dbl> <dbl>
#> 1 one 1 4
#> 2 one 4 4
#> 3 three 3 6
#> 4 three 4 6
#> 5 two 2 5
#> 6 two 4 5
Or
df %>%
group_by(id) %>%
group_split() %>%
map_dfr(~ add_row(.,id = first(.$id), A = 4, B = first(.$B)))
#> # A tibble: 6 × 3
#> id A B
#> <chr> <dbl> <dbl>
#> 1 one 1 4
#> 2 one 4 4
#> 3 three 3 6
#> 4 three 4 6
#> 5 two 2 5
#> 6 two 4 5
Created on 2022-01-02 by the reprex package (v2.0.1)
Maybe this is an option
library(dplyr)
df %>%
group_by(id) %>%
summarise( A=c(A,4), B=c(B,first(B)) ) %>%
ungroup
`summarise()` has grouped output by 'id'. You can override using the `.groups` argument.
# A tibble: 6 x 3
id A B
<chr> <dbl> <dbl>
1 one 1 4
2 one 4 4
3 three 3 6
4 three 4 6
5 two 2 5
6 two 4 5
According to the documentation of the function group_modify, if you use a formula, you must use ". or .x to refer to the subset of rows of .tbl for the given group;" that's why you used .x inside the add_row function. To be entirely consistent, you have to do it also within the first function.
df %>%
group_by(id) %>%
group_modify(~ add_row(A=4, B=first(.x$B), .x))
# A tibble: 6 x 3
# Groups: id [3]
id A B
<chr> <dbl> <dbl>
1 one 1 4
2 one 4 4
3 three 3 6
4 three 4 6
5 two 2 5
6 two 4 5
Using first(.$B) or first(df$B) will provide the same results.
A possible solution:
library(tidyverse)
df <- tibble(id = c("one", "two", "three"),
A = c(1,2,3),
B = c(4,5,6))
df %>%
group_by(id) %>%
slice(rep(1,2)) %>% mutate(A = if_else(row_number() > 1, first(df$B), A)) %>%
ungroup
#> # A tibble: 6 × 3
#> id A B
#> <chr> <dbl> <dbl>
#> 1 one 1 4
#> 2 one 4 4
#> 3 three 3 6
#> 4 three 4 6
#> 5 two 2 5
#> 6 two 4 5

Spread data with non-unique keys with R

I have the following data frame:
ID
Group
1
A
1
B
2
C
2
D
And I want to reshape the data frame into a wider version in terms of ID. Thus, the new data frame looks like this:
ID
Group1
Group2
1
A
B
2
C
D
You can do this by adding a helper column and then using tidyr::pivot_wider():
library(dplyr)
library(tidyr)
data <- tibble(
id = c(1, 1, 2, 2),
group = letters[1:4]
)
# Add a helper column to use when pivoting. This uses the row number
# over each subgroup, i.e. over each value of `id`
transformed_data <- data %>%
group_by(id) %>%
mutate(helper = paste0("Group", row_number())) %>%
ungroup()
# Here's what the helper column looks like
transformed_data
#> # A tibble: 4 x 3
#> id group helper
#> <dbl> <chr> <chr>
#> 1 1 a Group1
#> 2 1 b Group2
#> 3 2 c Group1
#> 4 2 d Group2
# Pivot the data using the helper column
transformed_data %>%
pivot_wider(names_from = helper, values_from = group)
#> # A tibble: 2 x 3
#> id Group1 Group2
#> <dbl> <chr> <chr>
#> 1 1 a b
#> 2 2 c d

Mass changing columns of a data set to numeric

I've imported an excel data set and want to set nearly all columns (greater than 90) to numeric when they are initially characters. What is the best way to achieve this because importing and changing each to numeric one by one isn't the most efficient approach?
This should do as you wish:
# Random data frame for illustration (100 columns wide)
df <- data.frame(replicate(100,sample(0:1,1000,rep=TRUE)))
# Check column names / return column number (just encase you wanted to check)
colnames(df)
# Specify columns
cols <- c(1:length(df)) # length(df) is useful as if you ever add more columns at later date
# Or if only want to specify specific column numbers:
# cols <- c(1:100)
#With help of magrittr pipe function change all to numeric
library(magrittr)
df[,cols] %<>% lapply(function(x) as.numeric(as.character(x)))
# Check our columns are numeric
str(df)
Assuming your data is already imported with all character columns, you can convert the relevant columns to numeric using mutate_at by position or name:
suppressPackageStartupMessages(library(tidyverse))
# Assume the imported excel file has 5 columns a to e
df <- tibble(a = as.character(1:3),
b = as.character(5:7),
c = as.character(8:10),
d = as.character(2:4),
e = as.character(2:4))
# select the columns by position (convert all except 'b')
df %>% mutate_at(c(1, 3:5), as.numeric)
#> # A tibble: 3 x 5
#> a b c d e
#> <dbl> <chr> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl>
#> 1 1 5 8 2 2
#> 2 2 6 9 3 3
#> 3 3 7 10 4 4
# or drop the columns that shouldn't be used ('b' and 'd' should stay as chr)
df %>% mutate_at(-c(2, 4), as.numeric)
#> # A tibble: 3 x 5
#> a b c d e
#> <dbl> <chr> <dbl> <chr> <dbl>
#> 1 1 5 8 2 2
#> 2 2 6 9 3 3
#> 3 3 7 10 4 4
# select the columns by name
df %>% mutate_at(c("a", "c", "d", "e"), as.numeric)
#> # A tibble: 3 x 5
#> a b c d e
#> <dbl> <chr> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl>
#> 1 1 5 8 2 2
#> 2 2 6 9 3 3
#> 3 3 7 10 4 4

Resources