How to send simultaneous keys in RSelenium ALT+S to web driver? - r

I would like to send two simultaneous keys such as ALT+S to the sendKeysToActiveElement( function of the R Selenium webdriver. I only see implementations in Java and C. Can this be done?

If you want to send a single keystroke then use:
cl$sendKeysToActiveElement(sendKeys = list(key = "tab"))
If you press more than two keystrokes then use:
cl$sendKeysToActiveElement(sendKeys = list(key = "alt", key = "S"))

There are 2 ways to send key presses in the in the R version of Selenium. The first way, as mentioned, is by sending the desired button in the key argument. The second way is by sending the raw UTF-8 character codes without the key argument. Generally, this is undesired because it's difficult to remember all the codes, but when wanting to input simultaneous key presses, it's the only way I've found to make it work since the list option does appear to send inputs sequentially.
In this scenario, the UTF 8 code for alt is \uE00a
and the UTF 8 code for s is \u0073
We can combine these into a single value, like so:
remDr$sendKeysToActiveElement(sendKeys = list("\uE00a\u0073"))
I'm unfamiliar with the alt + s shortcut, but this does work with something like shift + tab to navigate through different elements in reverse on a browser by sending them simultaneously.
I've also found the following links helpful for finding the actual UTF 8 codes:
http://unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0000.pdf
https://seleniumhq.github.io/selenium/docs/api/py/_modules/selenium/webdriver/common/keys.html

Use below code :-
String selectAll = Keys.chord(Keys.ALT, "s");
driver.findElement(By.xpath("YOURLOCATOR")).sendKeys(selectAll);
Hope it will help you :)

Related

Read embedded data that starts with numbers?

I have embedded data that I have imported into Qualtrics use a web service block. The data comes from a .json file and reads something like 0.male, 1.male, 2.male, etc.
I have been trying to read this into my survey using the Qualtrics.SurveyEngine.getEmbeddedData method but without luck.
I'm trying to do something that takes the form.
let n = 2
Qualtrics.SurveyEngine.getEmbeddedData(n + ".male")
but this has been returning a NULL result. Is it possible to read embedded data that starts with a number?
Also see:
https://community.qualtrics.com/XMcommunity/discussion/15991/read-in-embedded-variables-using-a-loop#latest
The issue isn't the number, it is the dot. getEmbeddedData() doesn't work when the name contains a dot. See https://stackoverflow.com/a/51802695/4434072 for possible alternatives.

How to type the Hash Key?

I've just started programming in R and have discovered you make comments by using #.
I've never been too concerned with this key as I normally program using Matlab or C++.
I'm using Windows 8 on a Macbook Pro so the keyboard doesn't have a designated # key and the shortcut for an apple keyboard for the # key (which is alt+3) doesn't work.
I haven't been about to find a solution for this. Thanks.
On an Apple Keyboard, whilst using a third-party OS such as Windows, you type the # symbol by pressing the 2nd Alt key + 3.
The first (left hand side) Alt key doesn't have a shortcut function.
This applies to all programs (Visual Studio, R, Word etc).
When using Windows the keyboard reverts to a standard Windows keyboard layout, which is different from the Mac layout for some keys. So the hash key is mapped to what is marked as the backslash key \, to the left of the return, and the # key is mapped to the double inverted comma.
I've got an Apple "Magic Keyboard" on UK settings and can get the hash symbol by holding Command and pressing the Backslash key
I'm using Ubuntu Xfce on a Macbook, and none of the above answers helped me at all. Then I found I could type a hash character using SHIFT + RIGHT ALT + = twice. It makes sense, because a hash character looks like two '+' signs.
The RIGHT ALT key is listed in my Settings -> Keyboard -> Layout as the 'Compose Key', so if it doesn't work, check what your Compose Key is and try that.

Please help identify multi-byte character encoding scheme on ASP Classic page

I'm working with a 3rd party (Commidea.com) payment processing system and one of the parameters being sent along with the processing result is a "signature" field. This is used to provide a SHA1 hash of the result message wrapped in an RSA encrypted envelope to provide both integrity and authenticity control. I have the API from Commidea but it doesn't give details of encoding and uses artificially created signatures derived from Base64 strings to illustrate the examples.
I'm struggling to work out what encoding is being used on this parameter and hoped someone might recognise the quite distinctive pattern. I initially thought it was UTF8 but having looked at the individual characters I am less sure.
Here is a short sample of the content which was created by the following code where I am looping through each "byte" in the string:
sig = Request.Form("signature")
For x = 1 To LenB(sig)
s = s & AscB(MidB(sig,x,1)) & ","
Next
' Print s to a debug log file
When I look in the log I get something like this:
129,0,144,0,187,0,67,0,234,0,71,0,197,0,208,0,191,0,9,0,43,0,230,0,19,32,195,0,248,0,102,0,183,0,73,0,192,0,73,0,175,0,34,0,163,0,174,0,218,0,230,0,157,0,229,0,234,0,182,0,26,32,42,0,123,0,217,0,143,0,65,0,42,0,239,0,90,0,92,0,57,0,111,0,218,0,31,0,216,0,57,32,117,0,160,0,244,0,29,0,58,32,56,0,36,0,48,0,160,0,233,0,173,0,2,0,34,32,204,0,221,0,246,0,68,0,238,0,28,0,4,0,92,0,29,32,5,0,102,0,98,0,33,0,5,0,53,0,192,0,64,0,212,0,111,0,31,0,219,0,48,32,29,32,89,0,187,0,48,0,28,0,57,32,213,0,206,0,45,0,46,0,88,0,96,0,34,0,235,0,184,0,16,0,187,0,122,0,33,32,50,0,69,0,160,0,11,0,39,0,172,0,176,0,113,0,39,0,218,0,13,0,239,0,30,32,96,0,41,0,233,0,214,0,34,0,191,0,173,0,235,0,126,0,62,0,249,0,87,0,24,0,119,0,82,0
Note that every other value is a zero except occasionally where it is 32 (0x20). I'm familiar with UTF8 where it represents characters above 127 by using two bytes but if this was UTF8 encoding then I would expect the "32" value to be more like 194 (0xC2) or (0xC3) and the other value would be greater than 0x80.
Ultimately what I'm trying to do is convert this signature parameter into a hex encoded string (eg. "12ab0528...") which is then used by the RSA/SHA1 function to verify the message is intact. This part is already working but I can't for the life of me figure out how to get the signature parameter decoded.
For historical reasons we are having to use classic ASP and the SHA1/RSA functions are javascript based.
Any help would be much appreciated.
Regards,
Craig.
Update: Tried looking into UTF-16 encoding on Wikipedia and other sites. Can't find anything to explain why I am seeing only 0x20 or 0x00 in the (assumed) high order byte positions. I don't think this is relevant any more as the example below shows other values in this high order position.
Tried adding some code to log the values using Asc instead of AscB (Len,Mid instead of LenB,MidB too). Got some surprising results. Here is a new stream of byte-wise characters followed by the equivalent stream of word-wise (if you know what I mean) characters.
21,0,83,1,214,0,201,0,88,0,172,0,98,0,182,0,43,0,103,0,88,0,103,0,34,33,88,0,254,0,173,0,188,0,44,0,66,0,120,1,246,0,64,0,47,0,110,0,160,0,84,0,4,0,201,0,176,0,251,0,166,0,211,0,67,0,115,0,209,0,53,0,12,0,243,0,6,0,78,0,106,0,250,0,19,0,204,0,235,0,28,0,243,0,165,0,94,0,60,0,82,0,82,0,172,32,248,0,220,2,176,0,141,0,239,0,34,33,47,0,61,0,72,0,248,0,230,0,191,0,219,0,61,0,105,0,246,0,3,0,57,32,54,0,34,33,127,0,224,0,17,0,224,0,76,0,51,0,91,0,210,0,35,0,89,0,178,0,235,0,161,0,114,0,195,0,119,0,69,0,32,32,188,0,82,0,237,0,183,0,220,0,83,1,10,0,94,0,239,0,187,0,178,0,19,0,168,0,211,0,110,0,101,0,233,0,83,0,75,0,218,0,4,0,241,0,58,0,170,0,168,0,82,0,61,0,35,0,184,0,240,0,117,0,76,0,32,0,247,0,74,0,64,0,163,0
And now the word-wise data stream:
21,156,214,201,88,172,98,182,43,103,88,103,153,88,254,173,188,44,66,159,246,64,47,110,160,84,4,201,176,251,166,211,67,115,209,53,12,243,6,78,106,250,19,204,235,28,243,165,94,60,82,82,128,248,152,176,141,239,153,47,61,72,248,230,191,219,61,105,246,3,139,54,153,127,224,17,224,76,51,91,210,35,89,178,235,161,114,195,119,69,134,188,82,237,183,220,156,10,94,239,187,178,19,168,211,110,101,233,83,75,218,4,241,58,170,168,82,61,35,184,240,117,76,32,247,74,64,163
Note the second pair of byte-wise characters (83,1) seem to be interpreted as 156 in the word-wise stream. We also see (34,33) as 153 and (120,1) as 159 and (220,2) as 152. Does this give any clues as the encoding? Why are these 15[2369] values apparently being treated differently from other values?
What I'm trying to figure out is whether I should use the byte-wise data and carry out some post-processing to get back to the intended values or if I should trust the word-wise data with whatever implicit decoding it is apparently performing. At the moment, neither seem to give me a match between data content and signature so I need to change something.
Thanks.
Quick observation tells me that you are likely dealing with UTF-16. Start from there.

^[[A character combination

On Unix, when I press up arrow key, it shows this string, but while scanf, it does not take it as input. Please explain how to take it as input. Can we something like compare the character by charater like first ^[ is Esc key and so on?
That's the escape sequence generated by that key. '^[' is CTRL-[ (the ESC character), and the other two characters are '[' and 'A'.
If you want to process them, you'll need to read all three characters and decide that they mean the user pressed the up-arrow key.
Whether or not you can do this with your scanf depends on the format string. I would be using a lower level of character input for this.
I never use [f]scanf in real code since failure results in you not knowing where the input pointer is located. For line-based input, I find it's always better to use fgets and then sscanf the string retrieved.
But, as I said, you should be using getc and its brethren for low-level character I/O. Or find a higher level function such as readline under Linux, or other libraries that know to convert it into special keycodes such as VK_KEY_UP that you can process.

How I encode the ugly string?

I have a string that is:
!"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;?#ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[]\^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~¡¢£¤¥¦§¨©ª« ®¯°±²³´µ¶•¸¹º»¼½¾¿ÀÁÂÃÄÅàáâäèçéêëìíîïôö÷òóõùúý
I post that to service and used Htmlencode, then I get a result:
!#$%&'()* ,-./0123456789:;<=>?#ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~����������� ���������•������������������������������������
it isn't result that i need,how i get original string? thanks!
Your string is not ASCII, so you are either using a string to represent binary data, or you're not maintaining awareness of multi-byte encoding. In any case, the simplest way to deal with any Internet-based technology (HTTP, SMTP, POP, IMAP) is to encode it as 7-bit clean. One common way is to base64-encode your data, send it across the wire, then base64-decode it before trying to process it.
I believe this is what you're looking for:
!"#$%&&apos;()*+,-./0123456789:;?#ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[]\\^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~¡¢£¤¥¦§¨©ª«®¯°±²³´µ¶•¸¹º»¼½¾¿ÀÁÂÃÄÅàáâäèçéêëìíîïôö÷òóõùúý
You just need to use a better html entity/encoding library or tool. The one I used to generate this is from Ruby - I used the HTML Entities library. The code I wrote to do this follows. I had to put your text in input.txt to preserve Unicode (there was an EOF character in the string), but it worked great.
require 'rubygems'
require 'htmlentities'
str = File.read('input.txt')
coder = HTMLEntities.new
puts coder.encode(str, :named)

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