Related
I am trying to get the x axis labels to be rotated 45 degrees on a barplot with no luck. This is the code I have below:
barplot(((data1[,1] - average)/average) * 100,
srt = 45,
adj = 1,
xpd = TRUE,
names.arg = data1[,2],
col = c("#3CA0D0"),
main = "Best Lift Time to Vertical Drop Ratios of North American Resorts",
ylab = "Normalized Difference",
yaxt = 'n',
cex.names = 0.65,
cex.lab = 0.65)
use optional parameter las=2 .
barplot(mytable,main="Car makes",ylab="Freqency",xlab="make",las=2)
EDITED ANSWER PER DAVID'S RESPONSE:
Here's a kind of hackish way. I'm guessing there's an easier way. But you could suppress the bar labels and the plot text of the labels by saving the bar positions from barplot and do a little tweaking up and down. Here's an example with the mtcars data set:
x <- barplot(table(mtcars$cyl), xaxt="n")
labs <- paste(names(table(mtcars$cyl)), "cylinders")
text(cex=1, x=x-.25, y=-1.25, labs, xpd=TRUE, srt=45)
Rotate the x axis labels with angle equal or smaller than 90 degrees using base graphics. Code adapted from the R FAQ:
par(mar = c(7, 4, 2, 2) + 0.2) #add room for the rotated labels
#use mtcars dataset to produce a barplot with qsec colum information
mtcars = mtcars[with(mtcars, order(-qsec)), ] #order mtcars data set by column "qsec"
end_point = 0.5 + nrow(mtcars) + nrow(mtcars) - 1 #this is the line which does the trick (together with barplot "space = 1" parameter)
barplot(mtcars$qsec, col = "grey50",
main = "",
ylab = "mtcars - qsec", ylim = c(0,5 + max(mtcars$qsec)),
xlab = "",
xaxt = "n", # Do not plot the default labels
space = 1)
#rotate 60 degrees (srt = 60)
text(seq(1.5, end_point, by = 2), par("usr")[3]-0.25,
srt = 60, adj = 1, xpd = TRUE,
labels = paste(rownames(mtcars)), cex = 0.65)
You can simply pass your data frame into the following function:
rotate_x <- function(data, column_to_plot, labels_vec, rot_angle) {
plt <- barplot(data[[column_to_plot]], col='steelblue', xaxt="n")
text(plt, par("usr")[3], labels = labels_vec, srt = rot_angle, adj = c(1.1,1.1), xpd = TRUE, cex=0.6)
}
Usage:
rotate_x(mtcars, 'mpg', row.names(mtcars), 45)
You can change the rotation angle of the labels as needed.
You may use
par(las=2) # make label text perpendicular to axis
It is written here: http://www.statmethods.net/graphs/bar.html
You can use ggplot2 to rotate the x-axis label adding an additional layer
theme(axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 90, hjust = 1))
In the documentation of Bar Plots we can read about the additional parameters (...) which can be passed to the function call:
... arguments to be passed to/from other methods. For the default method these can
include further arguments (such as axes, asp and main) and graphical
parameters (see par) which are passed to plot.window(), title() and axis.
In the documentation of graphical parameters (documentation of par) we can see:
las
numeric in {0,1,2,3}; the style of axis labels.
0:
always parallel to the axis [default],
1:
always horizontal,
2:
always perpendicular to the axis,
3:
always vertical.
Also supported by mtext. Note that string/character rotation via argument srt to par does not affect the axis labels.
That is why passing las=2 makes the labels perpendicular, although not at 45°.
Andre Silva's answer works great for me, with one caveat in the "barplot" line:
barplot(mtcars$qsec, col="grey50",
main="",
ylab="mtcars - qsec", ylim=c(0,5+max(mtcars$qsec)),
xlab = "",
xaxt = "n",
space=1)
Notice the "xaxt" argument. Without it, the labels are drawn twice, the first time without the 60 degree rotation.
I am trying to get the x axis labels to be rotated 45 degrees on a barplot with no luck. This is the code I have below:
barplot(((data1[,1] - average)/average) * 100,
srt = 45,
adj = 1,
xpd = TRUE,
names.arg = data1[,2],
col = c("#3CA0D0"),
main = "Best Lift Time to Vertical Drop Ratios of North American Resorts",
ylab = "Normalized Difference",
yaxt = 'n',
cex.names = 0.65,
cex.lab = 0.65)
use optional parameter las=2 .
barplot(mytable,main="Car makes",ylab="Freqency",xlab="make",las=2)
EDITED ANSWER PER DAVID'S RESPONSE:
Here's a kind of hackish way. I'm guessing there's an easier way. But you could suppress the bar labels and the plot text of the labels by saving the bar positions from barplot and do a little tweaking up and down. Here's an example with the mtcars data set:
x <- barplot(table(mtcars$cyl), xaxt="n")
labs <- paste(names(table(mtcars$cyl)), "cylinders")
text(cex=1, x=x-.25, y=-1.25, labs, xpd=TRUE, srt=45)
Rotate the x axis labels with angle equal or smaller than 90 degrees using base graphics. Code adapted from the R FAQ:
par(mar = c(7, 4, 2, 2) + 0.2) #add room for the rotated labels
#use mtcars dataset to produce a barplot with qsec colum information
mtcars = mtcars[with(mtcars, order(-qsec)), ] #order mtcars data set by column "qsec"
end_point = 0.5 + nrow(mtcars) + nrow(mtcars) - 1 #this is the line which does the trick (together with barplot "space = 1" parameter)
barplot(mtcars$qsec, col = "grey50",
main = "",
ylab = "mtcars - qsec", ylim = c(0,5 + max(mtcars$qsec)),
xlab = "",
xaxt = "n", # Do not plot the default labels
space = 1)
#rotate 60 degrees (srt = 60)
text(seq(1.5, end_point, by = 2), par("usr")[3]-0.25,
srt = 60, adj = 1, xpd = TRUE,
labels = paste(rownames(mtcars)), cex = 0.65)
You can simply pass your data frame into the following function:
rotate_x <- function(data, column_to_plot, labels_vec, rot_angle) {
plt <- barplot(data[[column_to_plot]], col='steelblue', xaxt="n")
text(plt, par("usr")[3], labels = labels_vec, srt = rot_angle, adj = c(1.1,1.1), xpd = TRUE, cex=0.6)
}
Usage:
rotate_x(mtcars, 'mpg', row.names(mtcars), 45)
You can change the rotation angle of the labels as needed.
You may use
par(las=2) # make label text perpendicular to axis
It is written here: http://www.statmethods.net/graphs/bar.html
You can use ggplot2 to rotate the x-axis label adding an additional layer
theme(axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 90, hjust = 1))
In the documentation of Bar Plots we can read about the additional parameters (...) which can be passed to the function call:
... arguments to be passed to/from other methods. For the default method these can
include further arguments (such as axes, asp and main) and graphical
parameters (see par) which are passed to plot.window(), title() and axis.
In the documentation of graphical parameters (documentation of par) we can see:
las
numeric in {0,1,2,3}; the style of axis labels.
0:
always parallel to the axis [default],
1:
always horizontal,
2:
always perpendicular to the axis,
3:
always vertical.
Also supported by mtext. Note that string/character rotation via argument srt to par does not affect the axis labels.
That is why passing las=2 makes the labels perpendicular, although not at 45°.
Andre Silva's answer works great for me, with one caveat in the "barplot" line:
barplot(mtcars$qsec, col="grey50",
main="",
ylab="mtcars - qsec", ylim=c(0,5+max(mtcars$qsec)),
xlab = "",
xaxt = "n",
space=1)
Notice the "xaxt" argument. Without it, the labels are drawn twice, the first time without the 60 degree rotation.
I want to create a graph in R using the image()-function. My x-axis has non-numerical subdivisions. The axis is divided like this: "Arctic Ocean" - "North Atlantic Ocean" - etc.
How can I add vertical lines to this axis in order to separate different groups on my axis using the abline(v = [value]) function?
This is the code I used to create the image (which works fine):
dev.new()
par(mar = c(9,9,1,1), bg = "grey90")
n.bins <- 24
image(log10(data.stand), col = colorRampPalette(blues9)(n.bins), xaxt = "n", yaxt = "n", useRaster = F)
axis(side = 2, at = 0:(n.taxa.data - 1) / (n.taxa.data - 1), labels = colnames(data.by.tax), las = 1)
axis(side = 1, at = 0:(n.iho.obis - 1) / (n.iho.obis - 1), labels = rownames(data.by.tax), las = 2, cex.axis = 0.5)
I tried implementing the vertical lines using the abline() function, but it doesn't appear on the figure.
Now my question is: how do I implement it correctly in this code? And how can I also make it appear in the figure?
Cheers!!
Since you didn't provide x and y arguments to image but only a z matrix, it took by default seq(0,1,nrow(z)) and seq(0,1,ncol(z)) as x and y values. So your vertical lines will have to be expressed in the [0,1] range. Let's say your 10 first columns out of 100 are one group then abline(v=.1) should do the trick. Of course it may be more convenient for you to declare a x and a y directly so you'll have better control on it.
I am trying to get the x axis labels to be rotated 45 degrees on a barplot with no luck. This is the code I have below:
barplot(((data1[,1] - average)/average) * 100,
srt = 45,
adj = 1,
xpd = TRUE,
names.arg = data1[,2],
col = c("#3CA0D0"),
main = "Best Lift Time to Vertical Drop Ratios of North American Resorts",
ylab = "Normalized Difference",
yaxt = 'n',
cex.names = 0.65,
cex.lab = 0.65)
use optional parameter las=2 .
barplot(mytable,main="Car makes",ylab="Freqency",xlab="make",las=2)
EDITED ANSWER PER DAVID'S RESPONSE:
Here's a kind of hackish way. I'm guessing there's an easier way. But you could suppress the bar labels and the plot text of the labels by saving the bar positions from barplot and do a little tweaking up and down. Here's an example with the mtcars data set:
x <- barplot(table(mtcars$cyl), xaxt="n")
labs <- paste(names(table(mtcars$cyl)), "cylinders")
text(cex=1, x=x-.25, y=-1.25, labs, xpd=TRUE, srt=45)
Rotate the x axis labels with angle equal or smaller than 90 degrees using base graphics. Code adapted from the R FAQ:
par(mar = c(7, 4, 2, 2) + 0.2) #add room for the rotated labels
#use mtcars dataset to produce a barplot with qsec colum information
mtcars = mtcars[with(mtcars, order(-qsec)), ] #order mtcars data set by column "qsec"
end_point = 0.5 + nrow(mtcars) + nrow(mtcars) - 1 #this is the line which does the trick (together with barplot "space = 1" parameter)
barplot(mtcars$qsec, col = "grey50",
main = "",
ylab = "mtcars - qsec", ylim = c(0,5 + max(mtcars$qsec)),
xlab = "",
xaxt = "n", # Do not plot the default labels
space = 1)
#rotate 60 degrees (srt = 60)
text(seq(1.5, end_point, by = 2), par("usr")[3]-0.25,
srt = 60, adj = 1, xpd = TRUE,
labels = paste(rownames(mtcars)), cex = 0.65)
You can simply pass your data frame into the following function:
rotate_x <- function(data, column_to_plot, labels_vec, rot_angle) {
plt <- barplot(data[[column_to_plot]], col='steelblue', xaxt="n")
text(plt, par("usr")[3], labels = labels_vec, srt = rot_angle, adj = c(1.1,1.1), xpd = TRUE, cex=0.6)
}
Usage:
rotate_x(mtcars, 'mpg', row.names(mtcars), 45)
You can change the rotation angle of the labels as needed.
You may use
par(las=2) # make label text perpendicular to axis
It is written here: http://www.statmethods.net/graphs/bar.html
You can use ggplot2 to rotate the x-axis label adding an additional layer
theme(axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 90, hjust = 1))
In the documentation of Bar Plots we can read about the additional parameters (...) which can be passed to the function call:
... arguments to be passed to/from other methods. For the default method these can
include further arguments (such as axes, asp and main) and graphical
parameters (see par) which are passed to plot.window(), title() and axis.
In the documentation of graphical parameters (documentation of par) we can see:
las
numeric in {0,1,2,3}; the style of axis labels.
0:
always parallel to the axis [default],
1:
always horizontal,
2:
always perpendicular to the axis,
3:
always vertical.
Also supported by mtext. Note that string/character rotation via argument srt to par does not affect the axis labels.
That is why passing las=2 makes the labels perpendicular, although not at 45°.
Andre Silva's answer works great for me, with one caveat in the "barplot" line:
barplot(mtcars$qsec, col="grey50",
main="",
ylab="mtcars - qsec", ylim=c(0,5+max(mtcars$qsec)),
xlab = "",
xaxt = "n",
space=1)
Notice the "xaxt" argument. Without it, the labels are drawn twice, the first time without the 60 degree rotation.
I am creating a boxplot in R with the following code:
boxplot(perc.OM.y ~ Depth, axes = F, ylim = c(-0.6, 0.2), xlim = c(3.5, 5.5),
lwd = 0.1, col = 8,
ylab = "Loss of Percent Organic Matter per Year", cex.lab = 1.5)
axis(1, at = c(3.5, 4, 5, 5.5), labels = c(" ", "Shallow", "Deep", " "),
cex.axis = 1.5)
axis(2, cex.axis = 1.5)
The problem is that the number labels on the y-axis currently overlap the axis title. Is there a way to put more space between the axis title and the axis number labels?
Thanks
## dummy data
dat <- data.frame(Depth = sample(c(3:6), 20, replace = TRUE), OM = 5 * runif(20))
Add some room for the y-axis labels and annotations, by making the margin bigger on the left hand side of the plot (side = 2):
## margin for side 2 is 7 lines in size
op <- par(mar = c(5,7,4,2) + 0.1) ## default is c(5,4,4,2) + 0.1
Now plot:
## draw the plot but without annotation
boxplot(OM ~ Depth, data = dat, axes = FALSE, ann = FALSE)
## add axes
axis(1, at = 1:4, labels = c(" ", "Shallow", "Deep", " "), cex.axis = 1.5)
axis(2, cex.axis = 2)
## now draw the y-axis annotation on a different line out from the plot
## using the extra margin space:
title(ylab = "Loss of Percent Organic Matter per Year", cex.lab = 1.5,
line = 4.5)
## draw the box to finish off
box()
Then reset the plotting margins:
par(op)
This gives:
So we've created more space for the margin of the plot on side 2, and then drawn the axes and the annotation (ylab) separately to control how the plot is spaced out.
So the key to this is this line:
op <- par(mar = c(5,7,4,2) + 0.1) ## default is c(5,4,4,2) + 0.1
What we do is save the original graphical parameters in object op, and change the margin sizes (in numbers of lines) to be 5, 7, 4, 2 + 0.1 lines each for the bottom , left, top, right margins respectively. The line above shows the defaults, so the code gives 2 more lines on the left margin than usually provided by default.
Then when we draw the y-axis label using title(), we specify which line (of the 7) to draw the label at:
title(ylab = "Loss of Percent Organic Matter per Year", cex.lab = 1.5,
line = 4.5)
Here I used line 4.5, but 5 would work also. The greater the values of 'line' the farther from the plot the label is drawn.
The trick is to find the value for the left margin and the value of 'line' in the title() call that allows the axis tick marks and the axis label to not overlap. Trial and error is likely the best solution to find the values you need with base graphics.
Try setting the first value of mgp larger. You'll want to make the margins bigger too, with mar.
par(mgp=c(5,1,0))
par(mar=c(5,6,4,2)+0.1)
I just found this solution very straightforward and useful when I wanted to shrink the white space around the diagram (consider size limits in the conference papers!) while I wanted to avoid overlapping Y-axes title and big numbers as the ticks.
I use to set the titles as text and put them wherever I want, after setting the margins manually:
First, set the margins to the arbitrary values:
par( mar=c(m1, m2, m3, m4) )
where m1 to m4 are margins for four sides (1=bottom, 2=left, 3=top and 4=right).
For example:
par( mar=c(3.1, 4.7, 2.3, 0))
Then, when plotting, set main="", xlab="" and ylab="" (otherwise their text will overlap with this new text)
Finally, using mtext(), set the axis titles and diagram title manually:
mtext(side=1, text="X axes title", line=0.5)
mtext(side=2, text="Y axes title", line=3)
mtext(side=3, text="Diagram title", line=1.5)
The line parameter is the distance from the diagram (the smaller values puts it closer to the diagram).