all.
I use Cwrsync on my Windows machine to transfer a folder to a Linux machine.In order to reduse disk usage, I use --link-dest parm. It works fine on my machine, but --link-dest is not working on another Windows machine.Confusing!
Here is my rsync command:
rsync -rvzR --link-dest=bak/001 /cygdrive/e/tmp/ root#192.168.3.1:bak/002
Related
I am new to these forums and to using Ubuntu and linux and UNIX. I really need some help here. I hope I haven't shot myself in the foot already. I have been trying to complete a UNIX carpentry lesson on the internet for an assignment. I am learning the basics about UNIX. I am not using a Mac, I am using a PC that I did not configure in any way (maybe that's my problem). I am using windows 10 on a lenovo and trying to the command prompt on Ubuntu to find my desktop where a file called "data-shell" is located. The problem: IT IS NOT FINDING THE DESKTOP. Upon further inspection, I have been looking through the location of my desktop and "data-shell" file and found it in the Users location under a number 12094, which I am assuming is the serial number for the computer. I have NEVER fiddled with the software at all with this computer as it cost me a lot of money, but I really do not want to be stopped in the tracks already. I have the following images numbered in the order that I discovered everything; they are posted here. I would really appreciate the help. P.S.: Since I am using a PC and not mac, I thought I had to use another command line like BASH or the terminal on my PCor doI just use Ubuntu? The UNIX shell is supposed to start with a $, right? Please correct me if I a wrong and thank you for your help
.
linux commands on windows can be ran via cmder or git bash (what i had used in past)
and in linux the desktop is at the path
/home/< username>/Desktop
whereas in windows its
C:\Users<username>\Desktop
both windows (DOS) and ubuntu/mac(linux) environment are entirely different you can directly run commands of one on the other environment, you do need to "setup" that env first if the command is not native to that.
Now, since its assignments that you are doing and all you need is bare-min linux env
you can give https://repl.it/ a try and create a new project in bash
Also, when you install Ubuntu on windows you dont get acces to windows like path, like "C:...", in ubuntu c:\ of windows is mounted to some other path in ubuntu
search on google how to access windows desktop from ubuntu shell after installing ubuntu inside of windows
When using Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL), your C drive is located under /mnt/c.
Judging from the screenshot, you are user 12094, so you can either accept this, or you need to actually configure your machine. Also if you look in the screenshot you provided, there is a /home folder which I am betting is actually pointing to /mnt/c/, and your home folder will be under /home/12094, which is also the same as what is stored in $HOME.
To find the location of a file called data-shell, you can run the following linux command while in your home folder:
find $HOME -type f -name 'data-shell'
This command recursively searches for files in your home directory, with the name data-shell
I want to execute a Linux binary from a QT application running on W10.
In QT we have QProcess to launch additional processes. However, since my binary is for Linux, I've thought of two possible approaches:
Running the binary in a container (i.e.: Docker, Kubernetes, Singularity...).
Executing the binary through WSL (Ubuntu) bash.
In any case, the QT application should initiate the process (the container or the bash) and, in turn, this process should launch my binary.
I've been searching on the web and I could not find something related, what makes me think that it will be difficult. For this reason, I am posting the question in order to know the viability of the proposed approaches.
EDITED
It looks like the WSL is easier, the problem is that the user has to have install ed it. Apart from requiring the sudo password when installing new software via apt-get.
The binary that I have to execute only exists for Linux, and let's say that cross-compiling is dismissed because of its complexity. Furthermore, this application needs CGAL, BOOST, MPI, among other pieces of software.
If you want to go with WSL, you can just run wsl myLinuxProgram --options.
Using WSL is the easiest way I believe as the current directory (PWD), is the current one i.e. the same as the PWD of your Qt app.
You can read Microsoft documenation for more info: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/interop
If your linux binary depends on a lots of things, I really suggest you use docker for windows. Then, you have chance to pre-build an own docker image which put all dependency software also the linux binary you need to run in it.
Of course, to let your customer to use it, you should put it to dockerhub, register an account for yourself.
Then, the solution is simple: let the QT application to call docker run to setup a container base on your own image, execute it, and also let the linux binary to write the log or others to the bind mount volume among linux container & windows. After it run, the QT application fetch the linux binary output from this shared folder.
Finally, I give a minimal workable example for your reference:
Suppose the shared folder between windows & linux container is: C:\\abc\\log_share, it will mapped to linux container as /tmp folder. Of course you need to allow volume share by right click the docker icon in windows tray area & choose settings, like described here
Simplify the windows application as bat file, and simplfy the docker image as ubuntu, you should use your own prebuilt docker image with all dependency in it:
win_app.bat:
ECHO OFF
::New a shared folder with linux container
RD /s/q C:\\abc\\log_share > NUL 2>&1
MKDIR C:\\abc\\log_share
::From windows call docker to execute linux command like 'echo'
echo "Start to run linux binary in docker container..."
docker run -it -v C:\\abc\\log_share:/tmp ubuntu:16.04 bash -c "echo 'helloworld' > /tmp/linux_log_here.txt"
::In windows, get the log from shared bind mount from linux
echo "Linux binary run finish, print the log generated by the container..."
type C:\\abc\\log_share\linux_log_here.txt
Simplify the linux binary just as echo command in linux, the output things should be all write to shared directory:
echo 'helloworld' > /tmp/linux_log_here.txt
Now, execute the bat file with command win_app.bat:
C:\abc>win_app.bat
C:\abc>ECHO OFF
"Start to run linux binary in docker container..."
"Linux binary run finish, print the log generated by the container..."
helloworld
You can see the windows application already could fetch things(here is helloworld) which generated by linux binary from docker container.
I'm trying to run xv6 operating system on VirtualBox or VMWare in a Linux host. The official instructions said how to run the OS on qemu only. However, the official page (https://pdos.csail.mit.edu/6.828/2014/xv6.html) mentioned that xv6 can be booted directly on hardware also, but it's not clear how.
I want to boot xv6 on VirtualBox or VMware first. I extracted the following command from the Makefile, which runs xv6 from the command line after it's compiled using make command.
/usr/bin/qemu-system-i386 -serial mon:stdio -drive file=fs.img,index=1,media=disk,format=raw -drive file=xv6.img,index=0,media=disk,format=raw -smp 2 -m 512
Please help me how to proceed. If the procedure is already documented some reference will be helpful.
The instructions are here which is linked (via 6.828 tools page) from your link though they are a bit terse:
Using a Virtual Machine
Otherwise, the easiest way to get a compatible toolchain is to install
a modern Linux distribution on your computer. With platform
virtualization, Linux can cohabitate with your normal computing
environment. Installing a Linux virtual machine is a two step process.
First, you download the virtualization platform.
VirtualBox (free for Mac, Linux, Windows) — Download page
VMware Player (free for Linux and Windows, registration required)
VMware Fusion (Downloadable from IS&T for free).
VirtualBox is a little slower and less flexible, but free!
Once the virtualization platform is installed, download a boot disk
image for the Linux distribution of your choice.
Ubuntu Desktop is what we use.
This will download a file named something like
ubuntu-10.04.1-desktop-i386.iso. Start up your virtualization platform
and create a new (32-bit) virtual machine. Use the downloaded Ubuntu
image as a boot disk; the procedure differs among VMs but is pretty
simple. Type objdump -i, as above, to verify that your toolchain is
now set up. You will do your work inside the VM.
I can see how one could read that and not see the answer.
After the virtual machine is installed, download the Ubuntu Desktop .iso. Install that into the VM and fire it up. Presumably the Desktop will provide a clear mechanism for loading your OS. (Wait, I'm giving it a try. Will update with the result.)
Turns out that is simply a Ubuntu client desktop, and isn't anything special for running a sub-operating system.
Looking around some more, I found the commentary to be the best potential clue. It contains this (head scratcher) phrase:
To run xv6, install the QEMU PC simulators. To run in QEMU, run "make qemu".
If only it specified the context to get to that point! (Sorry I am not more help.)
I see that you want to boot it on VirtualBox or VMware, but another option would be to using docker to run xv6. A great guide for getting started with xv6 through docker is here.
The full guide is elaborate and can help you with getting started.
It is an alternative option, but one that can get you going fast hopefully.
It will only take 4 steps to get going with the xv6:
Step 1
Download and set up docker here
Step 2
- Run this command in PowerShell or bash to pull the ubuntu image with xv6 docker pull grantbot/xv6
Step 3
- To run the docker image and get going with xv6 run this command docker run -it grantbot/xv6
Step 4
- Now inside the shell in the ubuntu image run cd /home/a/xv6-public/ to enter the root folder of the xv6.
Done
- Now you can compile and run the xv6 with make qemu-nox
Step 1.Compile xv6
Download the code, unzip it and enter the directory, compile the operating system image and root file system, the command is as follows:
make xv6.img&&make fs.img
Step 2. Write image to disk
Create two disks in a existed vmware virtual machine（my vmware version is 15.2.2, linux version is Centos7.8）, the operation steps are: virtual machine settings -> add -> disk -> SCSI -> create a new virtual disk -> size 0.005 (allocate immediately, single file) -> name the disk "os", which means this disk is the operating system.
Create another disk named "fs" in the same way to put the root file system.
At this time, there should be "sdb" and "sdc" in the /dev/ directory (sda is the current operating system itself). If you do not see the "sdb" and "sdc", restart the guest operating system.
Write the operating system and root file system to the disk with the following command:
dd if=./xv6.img of=/dev/sdb bs=4k count=1000
dd if=./fs.img of=/dev/sdc bs=4k count=1000
shutdown the current virtual machine to ensure that the file has sync to the disk. At this time, the two images have been written to the disk, vmware saves the disk as a file, the location is in the directory of the current virtual machine, named os.vmdk, fs.vmdk, the next step will load these two files into the new virtual machine.
Step 3. Create xv6 virtual machine
To create an empty virtual machine, the operation steps are: customize (advanced) -> next -> install the operating system later -> choose other operating system type (choose other versions) -> take the virtual machine name as xv6 (name depend on you) ) -> Then use the default configuration all the way to "Next" to completion.
Right-click the created virtual machine and delete the disk created by default. Add the disk file created in the previous step to the current virtual machine. The operation steps are: add -> "disk" -> ide (note that this is an IDE instead of a SCSI disk, because xv6 reads an IDE format disk) -> use an existing virtual disk -> select the os.vmdk generate in the step 2->complete
Add fs.vmdk in the same way. Note that you must add os.vmdk first. Because os.vmdk is the operating system, it needs to be the first hard disk.
Now, you create a virtual machine which has two disk. one is os disk, another is root file system disk, all is ready.
Start the virtual machine, and the xv6 will start successfully.
I was using a dual boot system and backing up in Linux my files using rsync and link-dedt and everything was working perfectly. Because the computer is mostly logged in Windows I decided to install cygwin and try to use rsync to do my backups. That way I can have a script that runs automatically every week. However when I tried to continue my backup using link-dest in cygdrive it didn't work. I think is because the files permission are seen differently by cygwin and Linux.
My command was something like:
rsync -av --exclude-from=exclude.txt --progress --link-dest=/cygdrive/e/2016-02-19/ /cygdrive/d/Users/ /cygdrive/e/2016-02-24/
I looked at files that I knew didn't change in the link-dest and source location and everything looks the same except for the file persmission. How can I omit permissions or solve this problem?
Cygwin on windows does cause lots of strange permissions.
If i was backing windows to a linux host, i would use https://acrosync.com/ which is native rsync for windows, unfortunately it does cost money.
We gave up on cygwin rsync partially due to these issues and ended up developing our own windows replication tool http://www.yintersync.net. Its free for non-commercial use.
I have a cygwin console running on my windows box, and vim installed and working fine. But when I do an rloging to a server (rlogin server.at.com running unix) my vim command is launching the vi on my remote box. Is there a way to tell cygwin to "tunnel" the text file that I try to open in the rlogin session to a local vim session just as it does with a local file (applies also to my nedit which I dont have in the remote machine but I do in the local one)?
Thanks!
I'm not sure how or if it would work with rlogin but bcvi is SSH-based and allows you to do $ vim filename on the server and open a GVim window on your local machine.
You can also use Vim's default plugin netrw which lets you manage and edit remote files using, among other protocols, rcp:
" manage files
:e rcp://[username#]machinename/path/to/directory/
" edit file
:e rcp://[username#]machinename/path/to/directory/filename
But… is there a reason for using rlogin instead of ssh?