Wordpress: Page not found - Permalink postname - wordpress

Question

This is a frequently asked question, but after searching for hours I couldn't find any solution that worked for me. So, here's my problem:
When I change my permalinks setting to 'postname' I get a 404 Error when I navigate to a page. I works with the default setting and when I put index.php before 'postname' (like this: http://localhost/wordpress/index.php/%postname%). But this is pretty ugly and bad for SEO.
My local wordpress installation is here: /var/www/html/wordpress/, so I can reach the wordpress homepage at http://localhost/wordpress/index.php
I'm running Debian Jessie and WordPress 4.5.3
This is my htacces file automatically created by Wordpress (/var/www/html/wordpress/.htaccess). Permission are set to 664.
# BEGIN WordPress
<IfModule mod_rewrite.c>
RewriteEngine On
RewriteBase /wordpress/
RewriteRule ^index\.php$ - [L]
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d
RewriteRule . /wordpress/index.php [L]
</IfModule>
# END WordPress
The Apache Rewrite module is enabled (sudo a2enmod rewrite)

Answer 1

Try This :
# BEGIN WordPress
<IfModule mod_rewrite.c>
RewriteEngine On
RewriteBase /wordpress/
RewriteRule ^index\.php$ - [L]
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d
RewriteRule . /wordpress/index.php [L]
</IfModule>
# END WordPress
EDIT
In your /etc/apache2/apache2.conf change
<Directory /var/www/>
Options Indexes FollowSymLinks
AllowOverride None
Require all granted
</Directory>
to
<Directory /var/www/>
Options Indexes FollowSymLinks
AllowOverride All
Require all granted
</Directory>