I'm using Bourbon Neat in my project and Neat has this neat (ha!) little mixin for media queries:
$xs-media: new-breakpoint(min-width 1px max-width 480px);
#include media($xs-media) {
// your styles
}
But #include media doesn't support multiple breakpoints. So I'm trying to do this:
#mixin multiple-media($breakpoints...) {
#each $breakpoint in $breakpoints {
#include media($breakpoint) {
#content
}
}
}
I can then use multiple breakpoints on it:
$xs-media: new-breakpoint(min-width 1px max-width 480px);
// $sm-media: ...
// $md-media: ...
#inlclude multiple-media($xs-media, $sm-media, $md-media) {
// my styles
}
But the compiled CSS doesn't quite work and look right. This is what gets generated (Just an example of what happens):
#media screen and (min-width: min-width) {
.instagram-widget .instagram-widget__images-container > a > img {
width: 25%; } }
#media screen and (min-width: min-width) {
.instagram-widget .instagram-widget__images-container > a > img {
width: 25%; } }
#media screen and (min-width: min-width) {
.instagram-widget .instagram-widget__images-container > a > img {
width: 25%; } }
#media screen and (min-width: min-width) { ??
Related
This question already has an answer here:
CSS property as SASS mixin value [duplicate]
(1 answer)
Closed 8 years ago.
I'm trying to create a mixin that will take a rule (e.g. margin) and return media queries. This is what I've tried so far:
$screen_smx: 767px;
$screen_sm: 768px;
$screen_md: 960px;
$screen_lg: 1200px;
$header_height_xs: 50px;
$header_height_sm: 80px;
$header_height_md: 60px;
$header_height_lg: 60px;
#mixin header_height($rule) {
#media (max-width: $screen_smx) {
$rule: $header_height_xs;
}
#media (min-width: $screen_sm) {
$rule: $header_height_sm;
}
#media (min-width: $screen_md) {
$rule: $header_height_md;
}
#media (min-width: $screen_lg) {
$rule: $header_height_lg;
}
}
So I can do something like the following:
#header {
position:fixed;
#include header_height(height);
}
body > .container {
#include header_height(padding-top);
}
The above code doesn't throw any errors it just doesn't create any code. Is there something I'm missing out or is what I'm trying to do just not achievable?
Thanks.
It turns out that to use a mixin param as a css rule the variable has to be wrapped in #{}
e.g.
#mixin header_height($rule) {
#media (max-width: $screen_smx) {
#{$rule}: $header_height_xs;
}
#media (min-width: $screen_sm) {
#{$rule}: $header_height_sm;
}
#media (min-width: $screen_md) {
#{$rule}: $header_height_md;
}
#media (min-width: $screen_lg) {
#{$rule}: $header_height_lg;
}
}
I'm trying to combine the use of a Sass variable with #media queries as follows:
$base_width:1160px;
#media screen and (max-width: 1170px) {$base_width: 960px;}
#media screen and (min-width: 1171px) {$base_width: 1160px;}
$base_width is then defined at various points in the stylesheet width percentage-based measurements to produce fluid layouts.
When I do this, the variable seems to be recognized properly but the conditions for the media query are not. For example, the above code produces an 1160px layout regardless of screen width. If I flip-flop the #media statements like so:
#media screen and (min-width: 1171px) {$base_width: 1160px;}
#media screen and (max-width: 1170px) {$base_width: 960px;}
It produces a 960px layout, again regardless of screen width. Also note that if I remove the first line of $base_width: 1160px; it returns an error for an undefined variable. Any ideas what I'm missing?
This is simply not possible. Since the trigger #media screen and (max-width: 1170px) happens on the client-side.
Achieving your expected result would only be possible if SASS grabbed all rules and properties in your stylesheet containing your $base_width variable and copied/changed them accordingly.
Since it won't work automatically you could do it by hand like this:
#media screen and (max-width: 1170px)
$base_width: 960px // you need to indent it to (re)set it just within this media-query
// now you copy all the css rules/properties that contain or are relative to $base_width e.g.
#wrapper
width: $base_width
...
#media screen and (min-width: 1171px)
$base_width: 1160px
#wrapper
width: $base_width
...
This is not really DRY but the best you can do.
If the changes are the same every time you could also prepare a mixin containing all the changing values, so you wouldn't need to repeat it. Additionally you can try to combine the mixin with specific changes. Like:
#media screen and (min-width: 1171px)
+base_width_changes(1160px)
#width-1171-specific-element // additional specific changes, that aren't in the mixin
display: block
And the Mixin would look like this
=base_width_changes($base_width)
#wrapper
width: $base_width
Similar to Philipp Zedler's answer, you can do it with a mixin. That lets you have everything in a single file if you want.
#mixin styling($base-width) {
// your SCSS here, e.g.
#Contents {
width: $base-width;
}
}
#media screen and (max-width: 1170px) {
#include styling($base-width: 960px);
}
#media screen and (min-width: 1171px) {
#include styling($base-width: 1160px);
}
This isn't possible with SASS, but it is possible with CSS variables (or CSS custom properties). The only drawback is browser support – but there's actually a PostCSS plugin - postcss-css-variables - that "flattens" the use of CSS variables (which gives you support for older browsers, too).
The following example works great with SASS (and with postcss-css-variables you get support for older browsers too).
SCSS
$mq-laptop: 1440px;
$mq-desktop: 1680px;
:root {
--font-size-regular: 14px;
--gutter: 1rem;
}
// The fact that we have to use a `max-width` media query here, so as to not
// overlap with the next media query, is a quirk of postcss-css-variables
#media (min-width: $mq-laptop) and (max-width: $mq-desktop - 1px) {
:root {
--font-size-regular: 16px;
--gutter: 1.5rem;
}
}
#media (min-width: $mq-desktop) {
:root {
--font-size-regular: 18px;
--gutter: 1.75rem;
}
}
.my-element {
font-size: var(--font-size-regular);
padding: 0 calc(var(--gutter) / 2);
}
This would result in the following CSS. The repetitive media queries will increase the file size, but I have found that the increase is usually negligible once the web server applies gzip (which it will usually do automatically).
CSS
.my-element {
font-size: 14px;
padding: 0 calc(1rem / 2);
}
#media (min-width: 1680px) {
.my-element {
padding: 0 calc(1.75rem / 2);
}
}
#media (min-width: 1440px) and (max-width: 1679px) {
.my-element {
padding: 0 calc(1.5rem / 2);
}
}
#media (min-width: 1680px) {
.my-element {
font-size: 18px;
}
}
#media (min-width: 1440px) and (max-width: 1679px) {
.my-element {
font-size: 16px;
}
}
Edit: Please do not use this solution. The answer by ronen is much better.
As a DRY solution, you can use the #import statement inside a media query, e.g. like this.
#media screen and (max-width: 1170px) {
$base_width: 960px;
#import "responsive_elements";
}
#media screen and (min-width: 1171px) {
$base_width: 1160px;
#import "responsive_elements";
}
You define all responsive elements in the file included using the variables defined in the media query. So, all you need to repeat is the import statement.
With #ronen's great answer and a map, there's some real power available:
#mixin styling($map) {
.myDiv {
background: map-get($map, 'foo');
font-size: map-get($map, 'bar');
}
}
#media (min-height: 500px) {
#include styling((
foo: green,
bar: 50px
));
}
#media (min-height: 1000px) {
#include styling((
foo: red,
bar: 100px
));
}
It's now possible to have lots more DRY media queries targeting .myDiv with a bunch of different values.
Map docs: https://sass-lang.com/documentation/functions/map
Example map usage: https://www.sitepoint.com/using-sass-maps/
I had the same problem.
The $menu-width variable should be 240px on the mobile view #media only screen and (max-width : 768px) and 340px on the desktop view.
So i have simply created two variables:
$menu-width: 340px;
$menu-mobile-width: 240px;
And here is how i have used it:
.menu {
width: $menu-width;
#media only screen and (max-width : 768px) {
width: $menu-mobile-width;
}
}
Two recommendations
1
Write your "default" CSS statements to be for small screens and only use media queries for larger screens. There's usually no need for a max-width media query.
Example (assuming the element has class "container")
#mixin min-width($width) {
#media screen and (max-width: $width) {
#content;
}
}
.container {
width: 960px;
#include min-width(1170px) {
width: 1160px;
}
}
2 Use CSS variables to solve the problem, if you can.
#mixin min-width($width) {
#media screen and (max-width: $width) {
#content;
}
}
:root {
--container-width: 960px;
#include min-width(1170px) {
--container-width: 1160px;
}
}
.container {
width: var(--container-width);
}
Note:
Since it will have the width of 1160px when the window has a width of 1170px, it may be better to use a width of 100% and max-width of 1160px, and the parent element might have a horizontal padding of 5px, as long as the box-sizing property is set to border-box. There are a lot of ways to solve the problem. If the parent is not a flex or grid container you might use .container { margin: auto }.
This is also possible with %placeholders.
%placeholders can be wrapped in media queries. So you could set up multiple variables to use at different screen sizes, and then the placeholders would automagically pre-process accordingly. I'm using some mixins to shorten my media query declarations here also.
In your _vars.scss file:
$width-1: 960px;
$width-2: 1160px;
In your _placeholders.scss file:
%variable-site-width {
#media screen and (max-width: 1170px) { width: $width-1; }
#media screen and (min-width: 1171px) { width: $width-2; }
}
In your page.scss file:
.wrapper. { #extend %variable-site-width; background: red; etc... }
And this will compile to something similar to:
#media screen and (max-width: 1170px) {
.wrapper { width: 960px; }
}
#media screen and (min-width: 1171px) {
.wrapper { width: 1160px; }
}
Voila!
I use this technique extensively for things like variable font sizes and a raft of other things.
Mixins with LESS are really simple:
.some-rules() {
/* some rules */
}
.some-class {
.some-rules;
}
However, suppose I've got a ruleset within a media query, like:
#media (min-width: 800px) {
.my_ruleset {
/* more rules */
}
}
How can I include such a ruleset as a mixin?
My motivation here is that I am using Bootstrap. I am trying to avoid semantically polluting my markup with its selectors, and would rather incorporate its rulesets as mixins. That's simple enough given the first example above, but I'm not sure how to incorporate the #media selectors.
EDIT
Specifically, here is a summary of the code I am trying to use as a mixin:
.container {
.container-fixed();
}
// ...
#media (min-width: #screen-sm) {
.container {
max-width: #container-sm;
}
// ...
}
#media (min-width: #screen-md) {
.container {
max-width: #container-md;
}
// ...
}
#media (min-width: #screen-lg-min) {
.container {
max-width: #container-lg;
}
// ...
}
Just simply add:-
.my_ruleset {
/* more rules */
}
#media (min-width: 800px) {
.my_ruleset;
}
If you want to add parameters to this for instance then:-
.my_ruleset(#myMargin:5px;) {
margin:#myMargin;
}
#media (min-width: 800px) {
.my_ruleset(10px);
/* New Rules*/
}
.
.
/* And so On */
Update:-
if you want to adapt this in a dynamic form take whole media query into mixin and play with it...
.container(
#minSize:768px;
#maxSize:979px;
#myColor:green;
/* So on */
) {
#media (min-width: #minSize) and (max-width: #maxSize) {
.my_ruleset {
background-color:#myColor;
}
/* New Rules*/
}
}
.container(0px,480px,black);
.container(481px,767px,blue);
.container(768px,979px,pink);
.container(980px,1200px,white);
.container(1700px,2200px,red);
EDIT
Checkout these two answers (class set in media query, media query grouping), I feel like they are very closely related to your question. Looking at the second answer I tried to put something together. The snippet is below, but you can also see a demo.tar.gz I put together as well.
main.less
#import "less/bootstrap"; /*Obviously, make sure to have all the less src :)*/
/*source: http://tinyurl.com/less-query */
.make-container(#min-width) {
#media (min-width: #min-width) {
.page-maker(#max-width) {
.page {
max-width: #max-width;
.container-fixed();
}
}
.make-page-style() when (#min-width=#screen-lg-min) {
.page-maker(#container-lg);
}
.make-page-style() when (#min-width=#screen-md) {
.page-maker(#container-md);
}
.make-page-style() when (#min-width=#screen-sm) {
.page-maker(#container-sm);
}
.make-page-style();
}
}
.make-container(#screen-sm);
.make-container(#screen-md);
.make-container(#screen-lg-min);
HTML
...
<body>
<div class="page">
...
</div>
...
OLD
have you tried using the following mixins (n is the number of columns):
.make-row()
.make-lg-comun(n)
.make-md-column(n)
.make-xs-column(n)
These mixins are used to semantically structure the page. For example, if you have the following markup:
<div class="main">
<div class="left">
</div>
<div class="right">
</div>
</div>
then in your less you can do:
.main{
.make-row();
}
.left{
.make-lg-column(5); /* makes five large desktop column */
}
.right{
.make-lg-column(7);
}
if this is not what you are looking for, perhaps elaborate on your intent more, maybe you won't need to do a lot of media queries.
You can use parent selector:
#screen-sm: 400;
#screen-md: 800;
#screen-lg-min: 1000;
.responsive(#width-sm, #width-md, #width-lg) {
#media (min-width: #screen-sm) {
& {
max-width: #width-sm;
}
}
#media (min-width: #screen-md) {
& {
max-width: #width-md;
}
}
#media (min-width: #screen-lg-min) {
& {
max-width: #width-lg;
}
}
}
.container {
.responsive(100px, 200px, 300px);
}
Output:
#media (min-width: 400) {
.container {
max-width: 100px;
}
}
#media (min-width: 800) {
.container {
max-width: 200px;
}
}
#media (min-width: 1000) {
.container {
max-width: 300px;
}
}
I'm trying to test the following code out in Chrome and Firefox and neither is picking it up. I have added it to the end of my stylesheet which works fine anyway.
#media all and (max-width : 850px) {
h1#site-name {
width: 100%;
a {
margin: auto;
}
}
nav#main-menu {
float: left;
}
}
I am re-sizing my browser window and the changes are obviously not taking effect at any width. The code is within a .scss file for reference.
Any ideas?
You can use mixins for media queries in scss too.
#mixin mq($mq) {
#if $mq == medium {
#media (max-width: 850px) { #content; }
}
}
#main-menu {
// default styles
// media query 850px max-width
#include mq(medium) {
float: left;
}
}
Check out this article for more info.. http://css-tricks.com/media-queries-sass-3-2-and-codekit/
I have a Sass mixin for my media queries based on Twitter Bootstrap's responsive media queries:
#mixin respond-to($media) {
#if $media == handhelds {
/* Landscape phones and down */
#media (max-width: 480px) { #content; }
}
#else if $media == small {
/* Landscape phone to portrait tablet */
#media (max-width: 767px) {#content; }
}
#else if $media == medium {
/* Portrait tablet to landscape and desktop */
#media (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 979px) { #content; }
}
#else if $media == large {
/* Large desktop */
#media (min-width: 1200px) { #content; }
}
#else {
#media only screen and (max-width: #{$media}px) { #content; }
}
}
And I call them throughout my SCSS file like so:
.link {
color:blue;
#include respond-to(medium) {
color: red;
}
}
However, sometimes I want to style multiple queries with the same styles. Right now I'm doing them like this:
.link {
color:blue; /* this is fine for handheld and small sizes*/
/*now I want to change the styles that are cascading to medium and large*/
#include respond-to(medium) {
color: red;
}
#include respond-to(large) {
color: red;
}
}
but I'm repeating code so I'm wondering if there is a more concise way to write it so I can target multiple queries. Something like this so I don't need to repeat my code (I know this doesn't work):
#include respond-to(medium, large) {
color: red;
}
Any suggestions on the best way to handle this?
A mixin like that leaves you in a position that's not very flexible, and not just because you're using px (see: http://blog.cloudfour.com/the-ems-have-it-proportional-media-queries-ftw/). Simply put, you've made your mixin too specific and not very reusable for other sites.
I'm currently using a collection of 4 mixins to handle the most common media queries: min-width, max-width, between, and outside (I've sampled min-width and between below)
$output-media-width: true !default; // true = all, otherwise use a list of numeric values (eg. 320px 23em)
#mixin media-min-width($bp) {
#if type-of($output-media-width) != list {
#media (min-width: $bp) {
#content;
}
} #else {
$output-bp: find-comparable($bp, $output-media-width);
#if not comparable($output-bp, $bp) {
#debug "Output breakpoint: #{$output-bp}, Chosen minimum width: #{$bp}";
} #else if $output-bp >= $bp {
#content;
}
}
}
#mixin media-between($bp1, $bp2) {
#if type-of($output-media-width) != list {
#media (min-width: $bp1) and (max-width: make-less-than($bp2)) {
#content;
}
} #else {
$output-bp1: find-comparable($bp1, $output-media-width);
$output-bp2: find-comparable($bp2, $output-media-width);
#if not comparable($output-bp1, $bp1) or not comparable($output-bp2, $bp2) {
#debug "Output breakpoints: #{$output-bp1} and #{$output-bp2}, Chosen breakpoints: #{$bp1} and #{$bp2}";
} #else if $output-bp2 >= $bp1 and $output-bp2 < $bp2 {
#content;
}
}
}
#function find-comparable($val, $list) {
#each $item in $list {
#if comparable($val, $item) {
#return $item;
}
}
}
#function make-less-than($val) {
#return if(unit($val) == em, $val - .001, $val - 1);
}
This mixin suite lets me generate a responsive CSS file or a collection of non-responsive CSS files at any width I desire (specifically for devices that don't take kindly to media queries) just by having a variable like this at the top of my file:
$output-media-width: 800px 60em;
A list of sizes lets me use px in those rare cases where em is inappropriate (such as for dealing with images).
// Device widths
$device-x-narrow: 23em; // 320px
$device-narrow: 35em; // 480px
$device-medium: 60em; // 800px
$device-wide: 70em; // 1000px
article.event {
#mixin tableify {
// footer { display: table-row }
footer section { display: table-cell }
footer section + section { padding-left: 2em }
}
#include media-min-width($device-medium) { // 2-col layout still
#main > & { // single event view
#include tableify;
}
}
// sometimes you need a non-standard breakpoint, too...
#include media-min-width(27em) { // narrow devices
section & {
#include tableify;
}
}
#include media-max-width(27em) {
footer section.categories ul {
display: block;
padding-left: 0;
li { display: inline }
li + li { margin-left: 1em }
}
}
}
Despite the fact that #cimmanon answered my question before I posted that I was using Twitter Bootstrap, it had some really interesting ideas in it which I think I'll apply from now on for my Sass projects that use Twitter Bootstrap. Here is what I found worked great:
/* Responsive dimensions */
$handheld-max: 479px;
$small-min: $handheld-max + 1;
$small-max: 767px;
$medium-min: $small-max + 1;
$medium-max: 979px;
$large-min: $medium-max + 1;
$large-max: 1199px;
$xlarge: 1200;
/*Responsive query mixins */
#mixin media-above($min) {
#media (min-width: $min) { #content; }
}
#mixin media-below($max) {
#media (max-width: $max) { #content; }
}
#mixin media-between($min, $max) {
#media (min-width: $min) and (max-width: $max) { #content; }
}
and then call it in my code like so (based on my request in the question):
.link {
color: blue;
#mixin media-above($medium-min){
color: red;
}
}
Using bootstrap-sass variables, I defined such mixins in SASS syntax:
=media-width-below($max)
#media (max-width: $max)
#content
=media-width-between($min, $max)
#media (min-width: $min), (max-width: $max)
#content
=media-width-above($min)
#media (min-width: $min)
#content
=media-xs
+media-width-above($screen-xs-min)
#content
=media-sm
+media-width-above($screen-sm-min)
#content
=media-md
+media-width-above($screen-md-min)
#content
=media-lg
+media-width-above($screen-lg-min)
#content
Those mixins will be useable just like +make-sm-column or .col-md-5 classes. You can just use it like this:
body
+media-xs
background-color: yellow
+media-sm
background-color: blue
+media-md
background-color: red
+media-lg
background-color: green
When you will be making your browser smaller by changing it from large to xs, you'll see colors in this order: green, red, blue, yellow.