For example, I have many HTML tabs to style, they use different classes, and will have different backgrounds. Background images files have names corresponding to class names.
The way I found to do it is yank:
.tab.home {
background: ...home.jpg...
}
then paste, then :s/home/about.
This is to be repeated for a few times. I found that & can be used to repeat last substitute, but only for the same target string. What is the quickest way to repeat a substitute with different target string?
Alternatively, probably there are more efficient ways to do such a thing?
I had a quick play with some vim macro magic and came up with the following idea... I apologise for the length. I thought it best to explain the steps..
First, place the text block you want to repeat into a register (I picked register z), so with the cursor at the beginning of the .tab line I pressed "z3Y (select reg z and yank 3 lines).
Then I entered the series of VIM commands I wanted into the buffer as )"zp:.,%s/home/. (Just press i and type the commands)
This translate to;
) go the end of the current '{}' block,
"zp paste a copy of the text in register z,
.,%s/home/ which has two tricks.
The .,% ensures the substitution applies to everything from the start of the .tab to the end of the closing }, and,
The command is incomplete (ie, does not have a at the end), so vim will prompt me to complete the command.
Note that while %s/// will perform a substitution across every line of the file, it is important to realise that % is an alias for range 1,$. Using 1,% as a range, causes the % to be used as the 'jump to matching parenthesis' operator, resulting in a range from the current line to the end of the % match. (which in this example, is the closing brace in the block)
Then, after placing the cursor on the ) at the beginning of the line, I typed "qy$ which means yank all characters to the end of the line into register q.
This is important, because simply yanking the line with Y will include a carriage return in the register, and will cause the macro to fail.
I then executed the content of register q with #q and I was prompted to complete the s/home/ on the command line.
After typing the replacement text and pressing enter, the pasted block (from register z) appeared in the buffer with the substitutions already applied.
At this point you can repeat the last #qby simple typing ##. You don't even need to move the cursor down to the end of the block because the ) at the start of the macro does that for you.
This effectively reduces the process of yanking the original text, inserting it, and executing two manual replace commands into a simple ##.
You can safely delete the macro string from your edit buffer when done.
This is incredibly vim-ish, and might waste a bit of time getting it right, but it could save you even more when you do.
Vim macro's might be the trick you are looking for.
From the manual, I found :s//new-replacement. Seemed to be too much typing.
Looking for a better answer.
Related
I'm running a rather long computation on Gp Pari, and Pari crashed in the middle of the computation, effectively wasting a week of computation time. Before I run the program again, I would like to figure out a way write the outputs to a file as they are being computed so that if this happens again, I'll be able to start where the program left off instead of needing to start over.
With that said, I cannot for the life of me get Pari's read function to work properly. Every variation of the code
for(i=1,10, write("C:\Users\Jonathan Hales\Desktop\pari_data.txt",i))
just gives me the error
"write: error opening output file: `UsersJonathan HalesDesktoppari_data.txt'."
I can however use the metacommand
\w"C:\Users\Jonathan Hales\Desktop\pari_data.txt" and that will print the last output from pari to the document. I can't however use a metacommand in the middle of a for loop, defeating the purpose of writing it to a document in the first place.
Use a forward slash (/) rather than a back slash (\) to separate parts of the path. Backslash is the escape character, so you can also double it up.
I work with knitr() and I wish to transform inline Latex commands like "\label" and "\ref", depending on the output target (Latex or HTML).
In order to do that, I need to (programmatically) generate valid R strings that correctly represent the backslash: for example "\label" should become "\\label". The goal would be to replace all backslashes in a text fragment with double-backslashes.
but it seems that I cannot even read these strings, let alone process them: if I define:
okstr <- function(str) "do something"
then when I call
okstr("\label")
I directly get an error "unrecognized escape sequence"
(of course, as \l is faultly)
So my question is : does anybody know a way to read strings (in R), without using the escaping mechanism ?
Yes, I know I could do it manually, but that's the point: I need to do it programmatically.
There are many questions that are close to this one, and I have spent some time browsing, but I have found none that yields a workable solution for this.
Best regards.
Inside R code, you need to adhere to R’s syntactic conventions. And since \ in strings is used as an escape character, it needs to form a valid escape sequence (and \l isn’t a valid escape sequence in R).
There is simply no way around this.
But if you are reading the string from elsewhere, e.g. using readLines, scan or any of the other file reading functions, you are already getting the correct string, and no handling is necessary.
Alternatively, if you absolutely want to write LaTeX-like commands in literal strings inside R, just use a different character for \; for instance, +. Just make sure that your function correctly handles it everywhere, and that you keep a way of getting a literal + back. Here’s a suggestion:
okstr("+label{1 ++ 2}")
The implementation of okstr then needs to replace single + by \, and double ++ by + (making the above result in \label{1 + 2}). But consider in which order this needs to happen, and how you’d like to treat more complex cases; for instance, what should the following yield: okstr("1 +++label")?
I have a list like this:
DEL075MD1BWP30P140LVT
AN2D4BWP30P140LVT
INVD0P7BWP40P140
IND2D6BWP30P140LVT
I want to replace everything in between D and BWP with a *
How can I do that in unix and tcl
Do you have the whole list available at the same time, or are you getting one item at a time from somewhere?
Should all D-BWP groups be processed, or just one per item?
If just one per item, should it be the first or last (those are the easiest alternatives)?
Tcl REs don't have any lookbehind, which would have been nice here. But you can do without both lookbehinds and lookaheads if you capture the goalpost and paste them into the replacement as back references. The regular expression for the text between the goalposts should be [^DB]+, i.e. one or more of any text that doesn't include D or B (to make sure the match doesn't escape the goalposts and stick to other Ds or Bs in the text). So: {(D)[^DB]+(BWP)} (braces around the RE is usually a good idea).
If you have the whole list and want to process all groups, try this:
set result [regsub -all {(D)[^DB]+(BWP)} $lines {\1*\2}]
(If you can only work with one line at a time, it's basically the same, you just use a variable for a single line instead of a variable for the whole list. In the following examples, I use lmap to generate individual lines, which means I need to have the whole list anyway; this is just an example.)
Process just the first group in each line:
set result [lmap line $lines {
regsub {(D)[^DB]+(BWP)} $line {\1*\2}
}]
Process just the last group in each line:
set result [lmap line $lines {
regsub {(D)[^DB]+(BWP[^D]*)$} $line {\1*\2}
}]
The {(D)[^DB]+(BWP[^D]*)$} RE extends the right goalpost to ensure that there is no D (and hence possibly a new group) anywhere between the goalpost and the end of the string.
Documentation:
lmap (for Tcl 8.5),
lmap,
regsub,
set,
Syntax of Tcl regular expressions
I have the following in my .zshrc:
setopt PROMPT_SUBST
precmd(){
echo""
LEFT="$fg[cyan]$USERNAME#$HOST $fg[green]$PWD"
RIGHT="$fg[yellow]$(date +%I:%M\ %P)"
RIGHTWIDTH=$(($COLUMNS-${#LEFT}))
echo $LEFT${(l:$RIGHTWIDTH:)RIGHT}
}
PROMPT="$ "
This gives me the following screenshot
The time part on the right is always not going all the way to the edge of the terminal, even when resized. I think this is due to the $(date +%I:%M\ %P) Anyone know how to fix this?
EDIT: Zoomed in screenshot
While your idea is commendable, the problem you suffer from is that your LEFT and RIGHT contains ANSI escape sequences (for colors), which should be zero-width characters, but are nevertheless counted toward the length of a string if you naively use $#name, or ${(l:expr:)name}.
Also, as a matter of style, you're better off using Zsh's builtin prompt expansion, which wraps a lot of common things people may want to see in their prompts in short percent escape sequences. In particular, there are builtin sequences for colors, so you don't need to rely on nonstandard $fg[blah].
Below is an approximate of your prompt written in my preferred coding style... Not exactly, I made everything super verbose so as to be understandable (hopefully). The lengths of left and right preprompts are calculated after stripping the escape sequences for colors and performing prompt expansion, which gives the correct display length (I can't possibly whip that up in minutes; I ripped the expression off pure).
precmd(){
local preprompt_left="%F{cyan}%n#%m %F{green}%~"
local preprompt_right="%F{yellow}%D{%I:%M %p}%f"
local preprompt_left_length=${#${(S%%)preprompt_left//(\%([KF1]|)\{*\}|\%[Bbkf])}}
local preprompt_right_length=${#${(S%%)preprompt_right//(\%([KF1]|)\{*\}|\%[Bbkf])}}
local num_filler_spaces=$((COLUMNS - preprompt_left_length - preprompt_right_length))
print -Pr $'\n'"$preprompt_left${(l:$num_filler_spaces:)}$preprompt_right"
}
PROMPT="$ "
Edit: In some terminal emulators, printing exactly $COLUMN characters might wrap the line. In that case, replace the appropriate line with
local num_filler_spaces=$((COLUMNS - preprompt_left_length - preprompt_right_length - 1))
End of edit.
This is very customizable, because you can put almost anything in preprompt_left and preprompt_right and still get the correct lengths — just remember to use prompt escape sequence for zero width sequences, e.g., %F{}%f for colors, %B%b for bold, etc. Again, read the docs on prompt expansion: http://zsh.sourceforge.net/Doc/Release/Prompt-Expansion.html.
Note: You might notice that %D{%I:%M %p} expands to things like 11:35 PM. That's because I would like to use %P to get pm, but not every implementation of strftime supports %P. Worst case scenario: if you really want lowercase but %P is not supported, use your original command subsitution $(date +'%I:%M %P').
Also, I'm using %~ instead of %/, so you'll get ~/Desktop instead of /c/Users/johndoe/Desktop. Some like it, some don't. However, as I said, this is easily customizable.
Lets say, I highlighted (matched) text present in brackets using
/(.*)
Now, how to copy the highlighted text only (i.e matching pattern, not entire line) into a buffer, so that I paste it some where.
Multiple approaches are presented in this Vim Tips Wiki page. The simplest approach is the following custom command:
function! CopyMatches(reg)
let hits = []
%s//\=len(add(hits, submatch(0))) ? submatch(0) : ''/ge
let reg = empty(a:reg) ? '+' : a:reg
execute 'let #'.reg.' = join(hits, "\n") . "\n"'
endfunction
command! -register CopyMatches call CopyMatches(<q-reg>)
When you search, you can use the e flag to motion to the end of the match. So if I understand your question correctly, if you searched using eg.:
/bar
And you wish to copy it, use:
y//e
This will yank using the previous search pattern until the end of the match.
Do you want to combine every (foo) in the buffer in one register (which would look like (foo)(bar)(baz)…) or do you want to yank a single (foo) that you matched?
The last is done with ya( if you want the parenthesis or yi( if you only want what's between.
Ingo's answer takes care of the former.