Type declaration in Isabelle - isabelle

Please I learned Isabelle recently and I have problem in type declaration for "fun" or "definition" for example:
definition mos :: "real => real => real set"
where "mos u ≡ {(∀t∈T. ∃!x. vector(t,x)∈u)}"
please I couldn't understand how to define types for statements as I have many arguments.
I couldn't find clear description of how to declare types in the manuals, so if there is any helpful manual or reference that will be great.
Another thing, I tried to use command "typ" to check the varable type but it didn't work!.

Related

Access a definition from a locale

Specific example: Let's say I have demonstrated that I have a graph in the sense of https://www.isa-afp.org/theories/category3/#FreeCategory.html :
lemma i_have_a_graph: shows "graph Obj Arr Dom Cod"
sorry
where the symbols Obj, Arr, Dom, and Cod were defined earlier in the file. This gives me access to the lemmas and theorems stated within the graph locale.
How do I use the symbol path defined within the graph locale?
Related question with no answers: Access definitions from sublocale
You don't do it using a lemma but by the interpretation command:
interpretation MyGraph: graph Obj Are Dom Cod <proof>
Of course, the <proof> could use your lemma, but you don't need to prove such a lemma separately.
Now MyGraph.path refers to the path component of this instance.
See https://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/research/hvg/Isabelle/dist/Isabelle/doc/locales.pdf

Isabelle tactic definition

I was trying to copy a tactic file that might help proving my theorem, however, there seems to be having some problems.
The original tactic is like this:
fun typechk_step_tac tyrls =
FIRSTGOAL (test_assume_tac ORELSE' filt_resolve_tac tyrls 4);
(* Output:
Value or constructor (filt_resolve_tac) has not been declared
*)
I tried to find this tactic in the internet, but there is not much explanation of this. I saw that some theory file in 2009 use this method, and for 2020 one, a theory file use a similar method called filt_resolve_from_net_tac, which I think the types of them are different, so I am not sure about how to use them.
Other than the filt_resolve_tac, the tactic file used a function called ref like this:
val basictypeinfo = ref([]:thm list);
(* Output:
Value or constructor (ref) has not been declared
*)
However, the Isabelle 2020 seems know something about the ref, since when I changed something:
val basictypeinfo = [];
fun addT typelist = (basictypeinfo := (typelist #(!basictypeinfo)));
(* It shows error:
Type error in function application.
Function: ! : 'a ref -> 'a
Argument: basictypeinfo : 'a list
Reason: Can't unify 'a ref (*In Basis*) with 'a list (*In Basis*) (Different type constructors)
*)
It clearly shows that ref is like a type, and it is defined in the Isabelle right?
Therefore the ref in ref([]:the list) should be similar to a casting function, and I found that there is a thing called Unsynchronized.ref which solves the type problem, may I know are they the same thing in this context?
In the later part of the files, there are also some tactic and rule set seems to be not defined, for example:
etac: Value or constructor (etac) has not been declared
(*
I saw Prof. Paulson had shown this tactic in his Isabelle lecture,
but I couldn't find it in the Isabelle manual or the implementation manual,
is the name of it changed?
*)
ZF_typechecks: I couldn't find any rule sets that has this name in the whole ZF directory.
Sorry to have so many questions, it seems that the tactic file is no longer really well-supported by the new Isabelle, are there still people using Isar/ML to define new tactic? Or most people are doing this with the method declaration in the Isabelle? And which part of the Isabelle/Isar reference manual should I read to master this skill? Thank you very much indeed.

Print/query class instances in Isabelle

I am just getting started with Isabelle. I have a file like this:
theory Z
imports Main Int
begin
value "(2::int) + (2::int)"
lemma "(n::int) + (m::int) = m + n"
apply(auto) done
print_locale comm_ring_1
print_interps comm_ring_1
end
Most of this works as I expected: Isabelle tells me that 2+2=4, and it knows how to prove that n+m=m+n, and it prints the axioms for a commutative unital ring.
However, I expected that the line "print_interps comm_ring_1" would cause Isabelle to tell me that it knows that the integers are an instance of the class comm_ring_1 (given that this fact is certainly proved in the file Int.thy in the standard library, which we have imported). But Isabelle does not in fact tell me that.
Is there some other way to ask Isabelle to list all the instances of comm_ring_1 that it knows about? Or to query specifically whether int is an instance of comm_ring_1? I have looked in the reference manual for such a command, but cannot find one.
Every type class in Isabelle defines a locale of the same name, but they are not the same. The commands print_locale and print_interps consider only the locale aspect of a type class. Type class registration with instance or instantiation does not register the type as an interpretation of that locale. Therefore print_interps does not list the types that have been proven instances of type classes. This is done by the command print_classes.

Type imports don't seem to be working for me in Isabelle2016

I'm a complete beginner to Isabelle, and I must be doing something wrong, as the following seemingly simple test code just doesn't compile for me:
theory testit
imports
"~~/src/HOL/Library/Inner_Product"
begin
thm inner_zero_left
typ "real_inner"
end
In the jedit interface the thm command appears to be working fine (so it's seeing theorems in the Inner_Product import) but the real_inner typ is not. It's complaining
Undefined type name: "real_inner"⌂
Failed to parse type
I get the same error if I try to use real_inner in a theorem.
real_inner is not a type; it's a type class. If you mean ‘a type of the typeclass real_inner’ you need to use a free type variable with the sort annotation real_inner:
typ "'a :: real_inner"

In Julia, can a macro access the inferred type of its arguments?

In Julia, is there a way to write a macro that branches based on the (compile-time) type of its arguments, at least for arguments whose types can be inferred at compile time? Like, in the example below, I made up a function named code_type that returns the compile-time type of x. Is there any function like that, or any way to produce this kind of behavior? (Or do macros get expanded before types are inferred, such that this kind of thing is impossible.)
macro report_int(x)
code_type(x) == Int64 ? "it's an int" : "not an int"
end
Macros cannot do this, but generated functions can.
Check out the docs here: https://docs.julialang.org/en/v1/manual/metaprogramming/#Generated-functions-1
In addition to spencerlyon2's answer, another option is to just generate explicit branches:
macro report_int(x)
:(isa(x,Int64) ? "it's an int" : "not an int")
end
If #report_int(x) is used inside a function, and the type of x can be inferred, then the JIT will be able to optimise away the dead branch (this approach is used by the #evalpoly macro in the standard library).

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