I am reading the code from Font-Awesome, which is a library that (from what I understand) overwrites parts of Bootstrap to modify some of the code.
There is a class called fa-twitter, created in Font-Awesome:
.fa-twitter:before {
content: "\f099";
}
I do not understand what \f is doing in this situation, and where the numbers "099" are being used. I have tried searching Font-Awesome on Github, thinking perhaps .fa-twitter is defined elsewhere, or something the numbers could be used in, but I haven't found anything so far.
It's not \f that matters. It's Unicode character code.
\f099 means It's not literal "f099" but Unicode value of "f099"
Table itself
Example:
#first:after {
content: "\0178"
}
#second:after {
content: "0178"
}
With "\": <i id="first"></i>
<br/>Without "\": <i id="second"></i>
It's not 'f', it's the content that's important:
If you have code like this:
<p class="email">myemail#gmail.com</p>
You'll just get the email address: myemail#gmail.com.
But if you add this in the CSS:
.email:before {
content: "Email: "
}
You'll get Email: myemail#gmail.com without making any changes to the HTML.
In this case, it's adding a symbol, indicated by the code F099. In other words, the twitter bird:
Related
I often encounter an annoying phenomenon. I select an address in the browser (Firefox):
Example from yelp.com
Copy it into my adress bar, using the !maps DuckDuckGo bang:
We immediately see the problem: house number and zip code do not get separated, and more often than not Google Maps then fails to find the address (unsurprisingly).
The code in this case is:
<address>
Hans-Sachs-Str. 8<br>80469 Munich<br>Germany
</address>
I can imagine similar code with <p> or <div> instead of address; the relevant part seems to be how <br> will be copy-pasted.
The following is also conceivable:
<tr><td>Hans-Sachs-Str. 8</td></tr>
<tr><td>80469 Munich</td></tr>
Which copies in just the same way.
So if I put an address on my website (or write a user style), how can I make addresses copy-paste in a helpful way, e.g. with a comma between the individual fields/lines?
Answers with HTML5 and CSS3 are fine, and current browsers can be required; I don't care about backwards compatibility. Answers without Javascript are preferred.
I tried br::before { content: ", "; } but that didn't work.
I could only do it with JS, you will need to inject with greasemonkey or some other extension.
var commaHtml = '<span class="insertedComma">, </span>';
document.querySelectorAll('address').forEach(function(a){
a.querySelectorAll('br').forEach(function(b){
b.insertAdjacentHTML('beforebegin', commaHtml);
});
});
.insertedComma {
color: red;
/*opacity: 0; uncomment this line to make red commas disappear*/
}
<address>
Hans-Sachs-Str. 8<br>
80469 Munich<br>
Germany
</address>
Hack #1: Include an invisible comma.
<address>
Hans-Sachs-Str. 8<span style="opacity: 0;">,</span><br>
80469 Munich
</address>
This is actually quite unintrusive since it won't even show up in the selection, only in the pasted text.
Disadvantage: can't insert this automatically into existing websites without JS. (Or can I?)
If you insert presentational content using CSS pseudo-elements (::before and ::after), you will not be able to copy that content onto the clipboard.
So, I think you will have to insert any commas using javascript and DOM manipulation.
Here is an alternative javascript approach:
var address = document.getElementsByTagName('address')[0];
var addressLines = address.querySelectorAll('.strasse, .stadt, .land');
for (var i = 0; i < (addressLines.length - 1); i++) {
var comma = document.createElement('span');
comma.classList.add('comma');
comma.textContent = ',';
address.insertBefore(comma, addressLines[i]);
address.insertBefore(addressLines[i], comma);
}
span {
display: inline-block;
float: left;
}
.comma + span {
clear: left;
}
<address>
<span class="strasse">Hans-Sachs-Str. 8</span>
<span class="stadt">80469 Munich</span>
<span class="land">Germany</span>
</address>
.newclass {
content: "\00A9";
}
In the above code, a copyright icon shows up. I have a question and a requirement.
Question - Where is this icon come from? any image from my pc, internet or some other way.
Requirement - If I have to introduce a new code, and associate a new icon for that code, how to do it?
It's an unicode escape sequence,
here you can find some examples:
http://css-tricks.com/snippets/html/glyphs/
these works with pseudo elements and are unicode characters.
http://codepen.io/anon/pen/EFAtk
there a list here : http://unicode-table.com/en/
HTML test
©
<p> #
http://unicode-table.com/en/</p>
CSS test
:before {
color:red;
}
body:before {
content: "\00A9";
}
p:before {
content:'\0040';
}
I've got CSS on my links depending what type of link it is. In this case it's password protected, and external link.
So I've got CSS like this:
a.external-link:after { padding-left: 2px; content: url(../images/icon-external-link.gif); }
a.restricted-link:after { padding-left: 2px; content: url(../images/icon-lock.png);}
However when I try something like this:
<a class="external-link restricted-link" href="some link">Some Link</a>
It only displays the last icon, in this case the icon-lock.png. Which makes sense, since the content value can only be set once not combined, so the last class declaration is overwriting it. Is there anyway to combine these two so I can mix and match these link classes easily (I've got 4 total). I don't want to make separate classes/images for each combo.
Hate to break it to you, but you're going to have to make separate classes/images for each combo. Especially as there would be no way of knowing which content should go first.
a.external-link.restricted-link:after
{
content: url(ext) url(res);
}
vs
a.external-link.restricted-link:after
{
content: url(res) url(ext);
}
Here is my HTML:
small caps &
ALL CAPS
Here is my CSS:
.link {text-transform: capitalize;}
The output is:
Small Caps & ALL CAPS
and I want the output to be:
Small Caps & All Caps
Any ideas?
You can almost do it with:
.link {
text-transform: lowercase;
}
.link:first-letter,
.link:first-line {
text-transform: uppercase;
}
It will give you the output:
Small Caps
All Caps
There is no way to do this with CSS, you could use PHP or Javascript for this.
PHP example:
$text = "ALL CAPS";
$text = ucwords(strtolower($text)); // All Caps
jQuery example (it's a plugin now!):
// Uppercase every first letter of a word
jQuery.fn.ucwords = function() {
return this.each(function(){
var val = $(this).text(), newVal = '';
val = val.split(' ');
for(var c=0; c < val.length; c++) {
newVal += val[c].substring(0,1).toUpperCase() + val[c].substring(1,val[c].length) + (c+1==val.length ? '' : ' ');
}
$(this).text(newVal);
});
}
$('a.link').ucwords();
Convert with JavaScript using .toLowerCase() and capitalize would do the rest.
Interesting question!
capitalize transforms every first letter of a word to uppercase, but it does not transform the other letters to lowercase. Not even the :first-letter pseudo-class will cut it (because it applies to the first letter of each element, not each word), and I can't see a way of combining lowercase and capitalize to get the desired outcome.
So as far as I can see, this is indeed impossible to do with CSS.
#Harmen shows good-looking PHP and jQuery workarounds in his answer.
I'd like to sugest a pure CSS solution that is more useful than the first letter solution presented but is also very similar.
.link {
text-transform: lowercase;
display: inline-block;
}
.link::first-line {
text-transform: capitalize;
}
<div class="link">HELLO WORLD!</div>
<p class="link">HELLO WORLD!</p>
HELLO WORLD! ( now working! )
Although this is limited to the first line it may be useful for more use cases than the first letter solution since it applies capitalization to the whole line and not only the first word. (all words in the first line)
In the OP's specific case this could have solved it.
Notes: As mentioned in the first letter solution comments, the order of the CSS rules is important! Also note that I changed the <a> tag for a <div> tag because for some reason the pseudo-element ::first-line doesn't work with <a> tags natively but either <div> or <p> are fine.
EDIT: the <a> element will work if display: inline-block; is added to the .link class. Thanks to Dave Land for spotting that!
New Note: if the text wraps it will loose the capitalization because it is now in fact on the second line (first line is still ok).
JavaScript:
var links = document.getElementsByClassName("link");
for (var i = 0; i < links.length; i++) {
links[i].innerHTML = links[i].innerHTML.toLowerCase();
}
CSS:
.link { text-transform: capitalize; }
What Khan "ended up doing" (which is cleaner and worked for me) is down in the comments of the post marked as the answer.
captialize only effects the first letter of the word. http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS21/text.html#propdef-text-transform
You can do it with css first-letter!
eg I wanted it for the Menu:
a {display:inline-block; text-transorm:uppercase;}
a::first-letter {font-size:50px;}
It only runs with block elements - therefore the inline-block!
May be useful for java and jstl.
Initialize variable with localized message.
After that it is possible to use it in jstl toLowerCase function.
Transform with CSS.
In JSP
1.
<fmt:message key="some.key" var="item"/>
2.
<div class="content">
${fn:toLowerCase(item)}
</div>
In CSS
3.
.content {
text-transform:capitalize;
}
If the data is coming from a database, as in my case, you can lower it before sending it to a select list/drop down list. Shame you can't do it in CSS.
After researching a lot I found jquery function/expression to change text in first letter in uppercase only, I modify that code accordingly to make it workable for input field. When you will write something in input field and then move to another filed or element, the text of that field will change with 1st-letter capitalization only. No matter user type text in complete lower or upper case capitalization:
Follow this code:
Step-1: Call jquery library in html head:
<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.11.3/jquery.min.js"></script>
Step-2: Write code to change text of input fields:
<script>
$(document).ready(function(){
$("#edit-submitted-first-name,#edit-submitted-last-name,#edit-submitted-company-name, #edit-submitted-city").focusout(function(){
var str=$(this).val();
str = str.toLowerCase().replace(/\b[a-z]/g, function(letter) {
return letter.toUpperCase();
});
$(this).val(str);
});});
</script>
Step-3: Create HTML input fields with same id's you use in jquery code like:
<input type="text" id="edit-submitted-first-name" name="field name">
The id of this input field is: edit-submitted-first-name (It using in jquery code in step-2)
**Result:
Make sure the text will change after you move your focus from that input field at another element. Because we using focus out event of jquery here.
Result should like this: User Type: "thank you" it will change with "Thank You".
**
Best of luck
The PHP solution, in backend:
$string = 'UPPERCASE';
$lowercase = strtolower($string);
echo ucwords($lowercase);
I know this is a late response but if you want to compare the performance of various solutions I have a jsPerf that I created.
Regex solutions are the fastest for sure.
Here is the jsPerf: https://jsperf.com/capitalize-jwaz
There are 2 regex solutions.
The first one uses/\b[a-z]/g. Word boundary will capital words such as non-disclosure to Non-Disclosure.
If you only want to capitalize letters that are preceded by a space then use the second regex
/(^[a-z]|\s[a-z])/g
if you are using jQuery; this is one a way to do it:
$('.link').each(function() {
$(this).css('text-transform','capitalize').text($(this).text().toLowerCase());
});
Here is an easier to read version doing the same thing:
//Iterate all the elements in jQuery object
$('.link').each(function() {
//get text from element and make it lower-case
var string = $(this).text().toLowerCase();
//set element text to the new string that is lower-case
$(this).text(string);
//set the css to capitalize
$(this).css('text-transform','capitalize');
});
Demo
all wrong it does exist --> font-variant: small-caps;
text-transform:capitalize; just the first letter cap
I have some legacy CSS I wanted to clean up. Person who wrote it is not available for consultation. The following rule does not validate (CSS 2.1):
html[lang=en] q: before, : lang(en) q: before {
content: "“";
}
Would it be safe to assume that the author mean the following (this validates):
html[lang=en] q:before, q:lang(en):before {
content: "“";
}
Also, is the first selector different from the second one in any way? Is each specific to a certain browser?
Thanks.
This selector does not appear to work in Firefox:
: lang(en) q: before
It is probably supposed to be
:lang(en) q:before
Which is not the same as
q:lang(en):before
You can see this in action with the following test case:
:lang(en) q:before {
content: "a";
}
q:lang(en):before {
content: "b";
}
<div lang="en">
<q lang="zh">Hello zh</q> <q lang="en">Hello EN</q> <q>Hello Plain</q>
</div>
This gives
a"Hello zh" b"Hello EN" b"Hello Plain"
Basically the :lang(en) q:before rule says "Before any Q inside any element with English language", while q:lang(en):before says "before any Q that is in the English Language".
Also, the two selectors that are used (html[lang=en] q:before and :lang(en) q:before) are not exactly equivalent but will achieve the same effect most of the time if the browser in question understands one of the selectors. :lang(en) is a newer selector that identifies the language while html[lang=en] is an attribute selector that merely identifes some attribute called lang.
this is definately wrong :
before, : lang(en)
the , : can't be used like this, the comma indicates a new "rule", the colon a pseudp property (like in a:link).
P.S. do content and before work in IE?