Re-create graph design - r

Question

[Update]:I found a great graph design for bar charts that I'd like to recreate in R, but I'm having difficulty with some of the major elements (it's from 538). Below is a picture of the graph and my progress so far.
Here's the graph I'm trying to recreate
Here's my code:
convicted <- c(0.68, 0.33)
incarcertated <- c(0.48, 0.12)
group <- c("GENERAL POPULATION", "LAW ENFORCEMENT")
df <- data.frame(convicted, incarcertated, group)
mdf <- melt(df)
ggplot(mdf) +
geom_bar(aes(x=variable, y=1), stat="identity", alpha=.1, position=position_dodge(1)) +
geom_bar(aes(x=variable, y=value, fill=group), stat="identity", position=position_dodge(1)) +
scale_fill_manual(values=c("#058cd3", "#ff2700"))
Here's what I'm not sure how to do
Get the "group" label to sit on top of each group and separate
them *(key design element)
Create a title and gray subheader
get the color gray bars to separate the same distance as the colored
bars
get the value labels to dodge with bar charts
I will add that in my ideal recreation, the colors would be separated (so incarcerated with be the same color in both groups).
Would love help re-creating this chat as precisely as possible. I'm pretty sure this was created in R, so I'm know it can be done. Thanks for the help!
[Update]: thanks to the help of hfty I'm getting very close, but i get a weird border effect, which I couldn't upload to the comment sections, so i've done it here. What's going on with this?

Answer 1

This was most likely not created solely with R. If it was, it probably was subsequently edited in Illustrator or something similar. However, here are some ways ggplot2 can get you close to the desired result:
Get the "group" label to sit on top of each group and separate them *(key design element)
Using a combination of facet_wrap() to separate the plots and coord_flip() to flip it should get you there.
ggplot(mdf, aes(x=variable, y=value, fill=group)) +
facet_wrap(~group, ncol=1) +
geom_bar(stat="identity", position=position_dodge(1)) +
coord_flip() + ...
Create a title and gray subheader
No easy way to do this with ggplot. I would suggest editing it later, e.g. with Illustrator. However, you can add a bold title e.g. like this:
... + ggtitle(expression(atop(bold("What Percentage of Crimininal Defendants Are\nConvicted and Incarcerated?")))) + ...
get the color gray bars to separate the same distance as the colored bars
You were almost there:
... + geom_bar(aes(x=variable, y=1), stat="identity", alpha=.1,
position=position_dodge(1), fill = "#aaaaaa") + ...
get the value labels to dodge with bar charts
Putting it all together with a few other tweaks, like using ggthemr to clean up the default style:
# devtools::install_github('ggthemr', 'cttobin') # Install ggthemr
library(ggthemr)
ggthemr('fresh')
ggplot(mdf, aes(x=variable, y=value, fill=group)) + facet_wrap(~group, ncol=1) +
geom_bar(stat="identity", position=position_dodge(1)) +
geom_bar(aes(x=variable, y=1), stat="identity", alpha=.1, position=position_dodge(1), fill = "#aaaaaa") +
geom_text(aes(label=round(100*value)), hjust=-0.5) +
scale_fill_manual(values=c("#058cd3", "#ff2700")) +
theme(strip.text.x = element_text(hjust=-0.15),
axis.text.x = element_blank(),
axis.line = element_blank(),
axis.ticks = element_blank(),
axis.title = element_blank(),
legend.title = element_blank(),
axis.title.y=element_blank(),
panel.grid.major = element_blank(),
panel.grid.minor = element_blank(),
legend.position = "none"
) +
coord_flip() +
ggtitle(expression(atop(bold("What Percentage of Crimininal Defendants Are\nConvicted and Incarcerated?")))) +
theme(plot.title = element_text(size = 20, hjust=-0.4, vjust=0.2))