I am trying to use serial communication in Raspberry Pi. I found this link. I made only one change in the code and increase the buffer value to 30. Here my edited code:-
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <termios.h>
int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
struct termios serial;
char* str = "Hello";
char buffer[30];
if (argc == 1) {
printf("Usage: %s [device]\n\n", argv[0]);
return -1;
}
printf("Opening %s\n", argv[1]);
int fd = open(argv[1], O_RDWR | O_NOCTTY | O_NDELAY);
if (fd == -1) {
perror(argv[1]);
return -1;
}
if (tcgetattr(fd, &serial) < 0) {
perror("Getting configuration");
return -1;
}
// Set up Serial Configuration
serial.c_iflag = 0;
serial.c_iflag = 0;
serial.c_oflag = 0;
serial.c_lflag = 0;
serial.c_cflag = 0;
serial.c_cc[VMIN] = 0;
serial.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
serial.c_cflag = B115200 | CS8 | CREAD;
tcsetattr(fd, TCSANOW, &serial); // Apply configuration
// Attempt to send and receive
printf("Sending: %s\n", str);
//int wcount = write(fd, &str, strlen(str));
int wcount = write(fd, str, strlen(str));
if (wcount < 0) {
perror("Write");
return -1;
}
else {
printf("Sent %d characters\n", wcount);
}
// int rcount = read(fd, &buffer, sizeof(buffer));
int rcount = read(fd, buffer, sizeof(buffer));
if (rcount < 0) {
perror("Read");
return -1;
}
else {
printf("Received %d characters\n", rcount);
}
buffer[rcount] = '\0';
printf("Received: %s\n", buffer);
close(fd);
}
I short Rx and Tx pin and run this code. I should receive "Hello" but I am getting this:-
Received: pi#raspberrypi:~$ Hello
So, it is clear that I am receiving "Hello" but additionally I am automatically transmitting
pi#raspberrypi:~$
So, please tell me I to stop transmitting my user name.
Related
I'm writing a code for extraction of peer credential by the server process connected through ipc using domain sockets to the client process. There is no error in the code but while running it I don't get the euid and gid of the peer process.
Code for server process is:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/un.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <string.h>
//#include<ucred.h>
#define SCM_CREDENTIALS
# define UNIX_PATH_MAX 100
int getpeereid(int connection_fd,uid_t euid,gid_t gid)
{
struct ucred cred;
socklen_t len = sizeof(cred);
if (getsockopt(connection_fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_PEERCRED, &cred, &len) < 0)
return (-1);
euid =cred.uid;
gid = cred.gid;
//int passcred=1;
//setsockopt(connection_fd,SOL_SOCKET,SO_PASSCRED,(void *)&passcred,sizeof(passcred));
printf("effective user id", euid);
printf("effective group id",gid);
return 0;
}
int connection_handler(int connection_fd)
{
int nbytes;
char buffer[1024];
char msg[256];
//while(cont=recv(connection_fd,buffer,sizeof(buffer),0)>0)
//{
//write(1,buffer,cont)
nbytes = read(connection_fd, buffer, 256);
buffer[nbytes] = 0;
printf("MESSAGE FROM CLIENT: %s\n", buffer);
printf("enter the message");
scanf("%s",msg);
nbytes = snprintf(buffer, 256,msg);
write(connection_fd, buffer, nbytes);
//}
close(connection_fd);
return 0;
}
int main(void)
{
struct sockaddr_un address;
int socket_fd, connection_fd,res;
socklen_t address_length;
pid_t child;
uid_t eid;
gid_t gid;
socket_fd = socket(PF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
if(socket_fd < 0)
{
printf("socket() failed\n");
return 1;
}
printf("socket created\n");
unlink("./demo_socket");
/* start with a clean address structure */
memset(&address, 0, sizeof(struct sockaddr_un));
address.sun_family = AF_UNIX;
snprintf(address.sun_path, UNIX_PATH_MAX, "./demo_socket");
if(bind(socket_fd,
(struct sockaddr *) &address,
sizeof(struct sockaddr_un)) != 0)
{
printf("bind() failed\n");
return 1;
}
if(listen(socket_fd, 5) != 0)
{
printf("listen() failed\n");
return 1;
}
while((connection_fd = accept(socket_fd,
(struct sockaddr *) &address,
&address_length)) > -1)
{
// get the credentials
res=getpeereid(connection_fd,geteuid(),getgid());
if (res==0)
{
//if(res==0)
//{
child = fork();
if(child == 0)
{
/* now inside newly created connection handling process */
return connection_handler(connection_fd);
}
}
/* still inside server process */
close(connection_fd);
//}
}
close(socket_fd);
unlink("./demo_socket");
return 0;
}
the code for client
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/un.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <string.h>
#define UNIX_PATH_MAX 100
int connection_handler(int socket_fd)
{
int nbytes;
char buffer[1024];
char mesg[256];
printf("enter the message");
scanf("%s",mesg);
//printf("message is %s",mesg);
nbytes = snprintf(buffer, 256,mesg);
//fgets(buffer,256,mesg);
//i=atoi(mesg);
write(socket_fd,buffer,nbytes);
//send(socket_fd,mesg,sizeof(mesg),0);
}
//nbytes = read(socket_fd, buffer, 256);
//buffer[nbytes] = 0;
//printf("MESSAGE FROM SERVER: %s\n", buffer);
//}
int main(void)
{
struct sockaddr_un address;
int socket_fd, nbytes,i;
pid_t child;
char buffer[256];
//char mesg[100];
socket_fd = socket(PF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
if(socket_fd < 0)
{
printf("socket() failed\n");
return 1;
}
printf("socket created\n");
/* start with a clean address structure */
memset(&address, 0, sizeof(struct sockaddr_un));
address.sun_family = AF_UNIX;
snprintf(address.sun_path, UNIX_PATH_MAX, "./demo_socket");
if(connect(socket_fd,
(struct sockaddr *) &address,
sizeof(struct sockaddr_un)) != 0)
{
printf("connect() failed\n");
return 1;
}
child=fork();
while(child==0)
{
return connection_handler(socket_fd);
//printf("connection established\n");
//printf("enter the message");
//scanf("%s",mesg);
//printf("message is %s",mesg);
//bytes = snprintf(buffer, 256,mesg);
//fgets(buffer,256,mesg);
//i=atoi(mesg);
//write(socket_fd,buffer,nbytes);
//send(socket_fd,mesg,sizeof(mesg),0);
}
nbytes = read(socket_fd, buffer, 256);
buffer[nbytes] = 0;
printf("MESSAGE FROM SERVER: %s\n", buffer);
close(socket_fd);
return 0;
}
See http://www.thomasstover.com/uds.html for good overview.
If the server is Linux, the main problem is missing _GNU_SOURCE. Full patch below, it has a few minor changes just to get rid of gcc -Wall -Werror -pedantic -std=c99 errors and warnings.
--- server.c.orig 2014-12-06 13:23:09.138472871 +0200
+++ server.c 2014-12-06 13:21:31.962475754 +0200
## -1,3 +1,4 ##
+#define _GNU_SOURCE
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/un.h>
## -5,7 +6,6 ##
#include <unistd.h>
#include <string.h>
//#include<ucred.h>
-#define SCM_CREDENTIALS
# define UNIX_PATH_MAX 100
int getpeereid(int connection_fd,uid_t euid,gid_t gid)
## -20,8 +20,8 ##
//int passcred=1;
//setsockopt(connection_fd,SOL_SOCKET,SO_PASSCRED,(void *)&passcred,sizeof(passcred));
-printf("effective user id", euid);
-printf("effective group id",gid);
+printf("effective user id %d", euid);
+printf("effective group id %d",gid);
return 0;
}
## -40,7 +40,7 ##
printf("MESSAGE FROM CLIENT: %s\n", buffer);
printf("enter the message");
scanf("%s",msg);
-nbytes = snprintf(buffer, 256,msg);
+nbytes = snprintf(buffer, 256, "%s", msg);
write(connection_fd, buffer, nbytes);
//}
close(connection_fd);
## -54,8 +54,6 ##
int socket_fd, connection_fd,res;
socklen_t address_length;
pid_t child;
-uid_t eid;
-gid_t gid;
socket_fd = socket(PF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
if(socket_fd < 0)
When coding http requests, i used Visual Studio for c++, now my code goes like this,
#define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
#include "stdafx.h"
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <Winsock2.h>
#include <WS2tcpip.h>
#include <windows.h>
#pragma comment (lib,"ws2_32")
int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
{
WSADATA wsaData;
int iResult = WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(2,2),&wsaData);
SOCKET m_socket;
m_socket = socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,IPPROTO_TCP);
if(m_socket==INVALID_SOCKET)
{
printf("Invalid Socket :WSAGetLastError()");
}
sockaddr_in clientService;
clientService.sin_family = AF_INET;
clientService.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr("127.0.0.1");
clientService.sin_port = htons(5357);
LPHOSTENT host = gethostbyname("72.144.89.32");
if(connect(m_socket,(SOCKADDR*)&clientService,sizeof(clientService))==SOCKET_ERROR)
{
printf("Connection Failure");
WSACleanup();
return 1;
}
char buffer[2048];
strcpy(buffer,"POST /dbarea.php HTTP/1.1\n");
strcat(buffer,"Content - Type:application/x-www-form-urlencoded\n");
strcat(buffer,"Host: localost\n");
strcat(buffer,"content-Length:32\n");
strcat(buffer,"\n");
strcat(buffer,"username=emeka1&password=laikan112");
//int n = write(SOCKADDR*,buffer,strlen(buffer));
printf("Data Sent Successfully..");
return 0;
}
Now my php is like this
<?php
session_start();
$username = urldecode($_POST['username']);
$password = urldecode($_POST['password']);
echo "Username: $username\nPassword:$password";
?>
Now i have an issue on the php area , its not receiving information and printing it again for us to see, what could possibly be the problem?
There are several errors in your HTTP request.
You need to use \r\n instead of \n.
Content - Type needs to be Content-Type.
localost needs to be localhost.
content-Length:32 needs to be Content-Length: 34
Try this:
int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
{
WSADATA wsaData;
int iResult = WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(2,2), &wsaData);
if (iResult != 0)
{
printf("WinSock startup error: %d\n", iResult);
return 1;
}
SOCKET m_socket = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, IPPROTO_TCP);
if (m_socket == INVALID_SOCKET)
{
printf("Socket creation error: %d\n", WSAGetLastError());
WSACleanup();
return 1;
}
sockaddr_in clientService = {0};
clientService.sin_family = AF_INET;
clientService.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr("127.0.0.1");
clientService.sin_port = htons(5357);
if (connect(m_socket, (SOCKADDR*)&clientService, sizeof(clientService)) == SOCKET_ERROR)
{
printf("Connection error: %d\n", WSAGetLastError());
closesocket(m_socket);
WSACleanup();
return 1;
}
char buffer[2048];
strcpy(buffer, "POST /dbarea.php HTTP/1.1\r\n");
strcat(buffer, "Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded\r\n");
strcat(buffer, "Host: localhost:5357\r\n");
strcat(buffer, "Content-Length: 34\r\n");
strcat(buffer, "\r\n");
strcat(buffer, "username=emeka1&password=laikan112");
char ptr = buffer;
int len = strlen(buffer);
do
{
int n = send(m_socket, ptr, len, 0);
if (n < 1)
{
if (n == SOCKET_ERROR)
printf("Send error: %d\n", WSAGetLastError());
else
printf("disconnected by server\n");
closesocket(m_socket);
WSACleanup();
return 1;
}
ptr += n;
len -= n;
}
while (len > 0);
printf("Data Sent Successfully..\n");
closesocket(m_socket);
WSACleanup();
return 0;
}
You really should not write your own HTTP code from scratch like this, when there are better alternatives available, such as Microsoft's WinInet/WinHTTP APIs, the curl library, etc. Let them do the hard work for you.
#include <WinInet.h>
#include <tchar.h>
void ReportWinInetError(const char *operation)
{
DWORD dwErr = GetLastError();
if (dwErr == ERROR_INTERNET_EXTENDED_ERROR)
{
LPTSTR szBuffer = NULL;
DWORD dwLength = 0;
BOOL bRet = InternetGetLastResponseInfo(&dwErr, NULL, &dwLength);
if ((bRet == FALSE) && (GetLastError() == ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER))
{
szBuffer = new TCHAR[dwLength+1];
bRet = InternetGetLastResponseInfo(&dwErr, szBuffer, &dwLength);
}
if (bRet)
_tprintf(_T("WinInet error while %hs: %u %*s"), operation, dwErr, dwLength, szBuffer);
else
printf("Unknown WinInet error while %s", operation);
delete[] szBuffer;
}
else
printf("WinInet error while %s: %u", operation, dwErr);
}
int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
{
HINTERNET hInternet = InternetOpen(TEXT("MyApp"), INTERNET_OPEN_TYPE_DIRECT, NULL, NULL, 0);
if (!hInternet)
{
ReportWinInetError("opening session");
return 1;
}
HINTERNET hConnect = InternetConnect(hInternet, TEXT("127.0.0.1"), 5357, NULL, NULL, INTERNET_SERVICE_HTTP, 0, 0);
if (!hConnect)
{
ReportWinInetError("connecting session");
InternetCloseHandle(hInternet);
return 1;
}
HINTERNET hRequest = HttpOpenRequest(hConnect, TEXT("POST"), TEXT("/dbarea.php"), TEXT("HTTP/1.1"), NULL, NULL, 0, 0);
if (!hRequest)
{
ReportWinInetError("opening request");
InternetCloseHandle(hConnect);
InternetCloseHandle(hInternet);
return 1;
}
if (!HttpSendRequest(hRequest, TEXT("Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded"), -1, "username=emeka1&password=laikan112", 34))
{
ReportWinInetError("sending request");
InternetCloseHandle(hRequest);
InternetCloseHandle(hConnect);
InternetCloseHandle(hInternet);
return 1;
}
printf("Data Sent Successfully..\n");
InternetCloseHandle(hRequest);
InternetCloseHandle(hConnect);
InternetCloseHandle(hInternet);
return 0;
}
#include <curl/curl.h>
int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
{
CURLCode ret = curl_global_init(CURL_GLOBAL_DEFAULT);
if (ret != CURLE_OK)
{
printf("Curl init error: %d\n", ret);
return 1;
}
CURL *curl = curl_easy_init();
if (!curl)
{
printf("Curl request creation error\n");
curl_global_cleanup();
return 1;
}
curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_URL, "http://127.0.0.1:5357/dbarea.php");
curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_POST, 1);
curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, "username=emeka1&password=laikan112");
curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDSIZE, -1);
ret = curl_easy_perform(curl);
if (ret != CURLE_OK)
{
printf("Curl send error: %d\n", ret);
curl_easy_cleanup(curl);
curl_global_cleanup();
return 1;
}
printf("Data Sent Successfully..\n");
curl_easy_cleanup(curl);
curl_global_cleanup();
}
#include <stdio.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <Windows.h>
#include <C:\Program Files\Microsoft MPI\Inc\mpi.h>
using namespace std;
#define BUFSIZE 128
int main (int argc, char *argv[])
{
int err;
int rank;
int size;
double start_time = 0.0;
double end_time;
MPI_Comm comm = MPI_COMM_WORLD;
MPI_File file;
char cbuf[BUFSIZE];
for(int i = 0; i < BUFSIZE; i++)
{
cbuf[i] = 'a' + i;
}
if(err = MPI_Init(&argc, &argv))
{
printf("%s \n", "Error! MPI is halted!");
MPI_Abort(comm, err);
}
MPI_Comm_size(comm, &size);
MPI_Comm_rank(comm, &rank);
if(rank == 0)
{
start_time = MPI_Wtime();
}
err = MPI_File_open(comm, "testfile", MPI_MODE_CREATE | MPI_MODE_RDWR, MPI_INFO_NULL, &file);
if(err != MPI_SUCCESS)
{
printf("Error %d! Can't open the file!\n", err);
MPI_Abort(comm, err);
return EXIT_FAILURE;
}
err = MPI_File_set_view(file, (MPI_Offset) (rank * BUFSIZE * sizeof(char)), MPI_CHAR, MPI_CHAR, "native", MPI_INFO_NULL);
if(err != MPI_SUCCESS)
{
printf("%s \n", "Error! Can't set the view!");
MPI_Abort(comm, err);
return EXIT_FAILURE;
}
err = MPI_File_write(file, cbuf, BUFSIZE, MPI_CHAR, MPI_STATUSES_IGNORE);
if(err != MPI_SUCCESS)
{
printf("%s \n", "Error! Problems with writing!");
MPI_Abort(comm, err);
return EXIT_FAILURE;
}
MPI_File_close(&file);
if(rank == 0)
{
end_time = MPI_Wtime();
printf("Time elapsed : %f seconds", (end_time - start_time) * 1000);
}
MPI_Finalize();
return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}
I'm trying to write some symbols to a file with MPI. When I do that, I get an errorcode of 288 and the file can't be opened. I used command line: mpiexec -n 10 myapp.exe. I was searching for the errorcode but didn't find anything at all.
Go one step further. Your error code doesn't mean anything by itself. But, you can feed that code to MPI_Error_string and get something more human readable. I have this function in every MPI-IO code I write:
static void handle_error(int errcode, char *str)
{
char msg[MPI_MAX_ERROR_STRING];
int resultlen;
MPI_Error_string(errcode, msg, &resultlen);
fprintf(stderr, "%s: %s\n", str, msg);
MPI_Abort(MPI_COMM_WORLD, 1);
}
And then define this macro:
#define MPI_CHECK(fn) { int errcode; errcode = (fn);\
if (errcode != MPI_SUCCESS) handle_error (errcode, #fn ); }
So I can call routines like this:
CHECK(MPI_File_open(comm, "testfile",
MPI_MODE_CREATE | MPI_MODE_RDWR, MPI_INFO_NULL, &file) );
I've written a code using SOL_SOCKET protocol but getting error as 10043 (error in socket).
The code is as follows:
#include <QCoreApplication>
#include<QDebug>
//#include <windows.h>
#include <winsock2.h>
#include <ws2tcpip.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
/****************************************/
#pragma comment (lib, "Ws2_32.lib")
#pragma comment (lib, "Mswsock.lib")
#pragma comment (lib, "AdvApi32.lib")
/****************************************/
#define DEFAULT_BUFLEN 512
int recvbuflen = DEFAULT_BUFLEN;
char recvbuf[DEFAULT_BUFLEN];
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
QCoreApplication a(argc, argv);
WSADATA wsaData;
int iResult;
// Initialize Winsock
iResult = WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(2,2), &wsaData);
if (iResult != 0) {
printf("WSAStartup failed with error: %d\n", iResult);
return 1;
}
struct addrinfo *result = NULL,
*ptr = NULL,
hints;
ZeroMemory( &hints, sizeof(hints) );
//hints.ai_family = AF_UNSPEC;
hints.ai_family = AF_INET;
hints.ai_socktype = SOCK_STREAM;
hints.ai_protocol = SOL_SOCKET;
//hints.ai_protocol = IPPROTO_TCP;
#define DEFAULT_PORT "10990"
// Resolve the server address and port
iResult = getaddrinfo(argv[1], DEFAULT_PORT, &hints, &result);
if (iResult != 0) {
printf("getaddrinfo failed: %d\n", iResult);
WSACleanup();
return 1;
}
SOCKET ConnectSocket = INVALID_SOCKET;
// Attempt to connect to the first address returned by
// the call to getaddrinfo
ptr=result;
// Create a SOCKET for connecting to server
ConnectSocket = socket(ptr->ai_family, ptr->ai_socktype,
ptr->ai_protocol);
if (ConnectSocket == INVALID_SOCKET) {
printf("Error at socket(): %ld\n", WSAGetLastError());
freeaddrinfo(result);
WSACleanup();
return 1;
}
int rcvbuf = 8192; /* recv buffer size */
int z = setsockopt(ConnectSocket,SOL_SOCKET,SO_RCVBUF,
(char*)&rcvbuf,sizeof(rcvbuf));
do {
iResult = recv(ConnectSocket, recvbuf, recvbuflen, 0);
if (iResult > 0)
printf("Bytes received: %d\n", iResult);
else if (iResult == 0)
printf("Connection closed\n");
else
printf("recv failed: %d\n", WSAGetLastError());
} while (iResult > 0);
return a.exec();
}
When I run it shows::
Error in socket:10043
I googled it and found that the error is because of wrong protocol for the socket type,I tried to find the correct protocol and socket type match but couldn't find.I tried every possible socket option and protocol match.
Any body facing the same problem?
You're putting the wrong value in the ai_protocol field. It needs to be one of the IPPROTO_ constants (like e.g. IPPROTO_TCP or IPPROTO_ICMP).
SOL_SOCKET is used to set socket options (like you do later in the code).
You should normally not set that member, except to zero.
I have a simple program written in C which uses termios to send a basic string to the Raspberry Pi UART and attempts to read and output the response. The Rx and Tx pins on the Raspberry Pi are connected with a jumper so whatever is sent should be immediately received.
Despite the program outputting that it successfully sent and received 5 characters for the chosen string ('Hello'), trying to print the contents of the buffer just produces one or two garbage characters.
The program:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <termios.h>
int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
struct termios serial;
char* str = "Hello";
char buffer[10];
if (argc == 1) {
printf("Usage: %s [device]\n\n", argv[0]);
return -1;
}
printf("Opening %s\n", argv[1]);
int fd = open(argv[1], O_RDWR | O_NOCTTY | O_NDELAY);
if (fd == -1) {
perror(argv[1]);
return -1;
}
if (tcgetattr(fd, &serial) < 0) {
perror("Getting configuration");
return -1;
}
// Set up Serial Configuration
serial.c_iflag = 0;
serial.c_oflag = 0;
serial.c_lflag = 0;
serial.c_cflag = 0;
serial.c_cc[VMIN] = 0;
serial.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
serial.c_cflag = B115200 | CS8 | CREAD;
tcsetattr(fd, TCSANOW, &serial); // Apply configuration
// Attempt to send and receive
printf("Sending: %s\n", str);
int wcount = write(fd, &str, strlen(str));
if (wcount < 0) {
perror("Write");
return -1;
}
else {
printf("Sent %d characters\n", wcount);
}
int rcount = read(fd, &buffer, sizeof(buffer));
if (rcount < 0) {
perror("Read");
return -1;
}
else {
printf("Received %d characters\n", rcount);
}
buffer[rcount] = '\0';
printf("Received: %s\n", buffer);
close(fd);
}
Outputs:
Opening /dev/ttyAMA0
Sending: Hello
Sent 5 characters
Received 5 characters
Received: [garbage]
I can't see any major problem with the code myself, but I might be wrong. I can successfully send and receive characters using PuTTY connected with the same settings, so it can't really be a hardware problem. Although I haven't tried it in PuTTY, trying to connect with anything less than 115200 baud with this program will result in nothing being received.
Where am I going wrong?
int wcount = write(fd, &str, strlen(str));
int rcount = read(fd, &buffer, sizeof(buffer));
In these lines, buffer/str are already pointers. You are passing a pointer to a pointer.
The lines should be:
int wcount = write(fd, str, strlen(str));
int rcount = read(fd, buffer, sizeof(buffer));