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I need to compile C project for Attiny85 but not sure which compiler to use - free if possible. Is Atmel Studio a good choice?
Complier
Free and the best compiler for AVR is AVR-GCC (in Windows it's called WinAVR).
It supports ATTiny85 (here is the list of supported devices).
So you just need to pass this option to compiler:
-mmcu=attiny85
You can look here for Makefile example.
Flashing software
To upload your firmware to ATTiny85 chip, you can use AVRDude program. It's free and most popular application for flashing AVR chips. See this for usage example.
IDE
As for IDE, there are plenty of them out there, but IMHO two best choices would be:
Vim: if you prefer console applications. Especially good for Linux. I would recommend to use next plugins: cscope, CTags, OmniCompletion, NerdTree. Still, if you don't know vim yet, it would take a lot of time to learn it and configure it properly (I'm personally using vim).
Eclipse: if you prefer GUI applications. It's very flexible, free, cross-platform and extremely powerful. It's very easy to configure Eclipse for AVR development (to use AVR-GCC and AVRDude). There is Eclipse plugin for AVR. And you also can find a lot of tutorials in web about how to use Eclipse for AVR development.
If you are novice, I'd say -- go with Eclipse.
Debugger
For debugger I would recommend GDB. GDB is free and very powerful debugger software. It's easy to integrate GDB into Eclipse
Also you will need AVaRICE to connect GDB with JTAG.
Note
All software I mentioned is free, cross-platform and actually being used for professional embedded development, so you can use it without second thoughts. Actually, it's almost single choice you have out there, except for IDE (still, my colleagues at work use mostly Vim and Eclipse, 50/50, so I think there is not much choice here as well).
Another good thing is that it's very easy to migrate to another MCU (from AVR) if you stick to software I listed above. E.g., for MSP430 there is similar GCC toolchain and similar flash software, and GDB of course. So you can just configure Eclipse to use msp430-gcc instead of avr-gcc and develop for MSP430.
I googled a lot, and almost all users compile their codes with Atmel Studio, or they use Attiny along with Arduino. So I think Atmel studio is the best choice. It also includes gcc to compile c/c++
Atmel® Studio 6 includes the GCC C and C++ Compiler, assembler and a simulator, and interfaces seamlessly with in-system debuggers and programmers to make code development easier.
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As a hobby project, I'd like to learn development on "bare metal" with Ada. It seems GNAT compiler has support for various development boards and provides a few different runtimes - zfp, ravenscar-sfp, ravenscar-full.
I'm not quite sure which MCU has better support and nicer to work with. I've been looking at:
TI "TMS570LC43x Hercules Development Kit". This has Cortex-R5F CPU, which looks quite interesting for learning hardware features required for hard real-time applications. But the board is somewhat expensive and there aren't any tutorials on how to use GNAT with this board.
ST "STM32F7 discovery kit". This has Cortex-M7 CPU. The board is much cheaper and there are quite a few tutorials that use STM32F boards with GNAT.
Both of these boards seem to be supported by GNAT bb-runtimes. Has anyone worked with either of them and could provide recommendations? How well do they work with GNAT runtimes and which one has better debug support or development features?
Based on the comments to my question, it seems that MCUs from STMicroelectronics would be easier to work with and have better support from GNAT Ada compiler. Most of their MCUs are based on ARM Cortex-M cores, which are more common than Cortex-R cores. There are also more resources (books, tutorials) on how to work with Cortex-M cores. MCUs bases on Cortex-R cores are probably more suited to people working with safety-critical systems.
I also just started to do bare metal programming with Ada. My board will probably be the STM32F4 discovery, which are much cheeper than the F7 boards I have seen. Second reason is, that for the F3 Dicovery board there is very good tutorial for bare metal programming with Rust on the Rust homepage which I tried with my F3 board.
For Ada, I have only checked the tool chain from AdaCore for that board so far, cross compilation seems to work very well. Unfortunately, the Ada Drivers Library doesn"t support the F3...
I have been using GNAT Ada on ST ARM boards for the last 6 years and use it on about 40 different boards. They have excellent support for the boards they directly support and I have added many others over the years to my collection. I would say go with the 429, 469 or 769 discovery board. I prefer the small footprint (sfp) versions and have fun. I just finished doing some casino games that run on the 429 Discovery board. I mostly use the 2017 version of GNAT ARM because that was their last year of support for win32 which I needed for other things but their new Aug 2020 free download has very nice support for many boards in addition to the ST boards.
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I have been looking into micro-controllers and was wondering if the majority of them are C/C++ based? I am quite proficient in java and want to ask you guys if anyone knows of a good cost efficient, java-based micro-controller I could look into.
All answers are appreciated!
The difference between a language like java (or c#) and a lower level language like c or c++ is the fact that they have a virtual machine.
This has many advantages, like making the application platform-independent. But it also means that each platform has to have the vm for it.
Now, microcontrollers are not uniform and vary in power, memory, and many other features. So adopting the JVM (java's virtual machine) for them is not easy even when possible.
Most of the time its just impossible - most of the uc have very low memory capacity (part of what makes them cheap) - this would make fitting any general-purpose JVM there impossible, not to mention also with the application code.
I am aware of some partial-implementations of java for microcontrollers. For example "java-based" sim cards (which have a very small controller inside) are there, but they have a very limited version of java.
So basically I think your best bet to write "embedded java" (especially if you're a novice) is to work on top of microcontrolers that are basically a small fully functioning computer, that runs a proper OS that already has a JVM. Just look into one of the new "micro computer" open source projects like raspberry pi or beaglebone. Both cost around 2x of an arduino and are much more powerful.
Hope I helped.
Have a look at the Java-ready STM32 microcontrollers or Renesas RX.
As an alternative, you can run a stripped-down JVM on AVR/Arduino using Haiku-VM, NanoVM or uJ.
You can also write Arduino sketches in Java and cross-compile them to C using VBB.
JArduino might be a good starting point for you, as it would allow you to write Java programs that interact with an Arduino board. The Java API provided by JArduino is fully aligned with the Arduino API. Then, once you get used to the Java API, it should be easy to switch to plain Arduino programming (as pointed out, the C/C++ -based Arduino is not that far from Java, anyway). Be aware that with JArduino you do not really program the micro-controller itself (your main logic would run on your PC and the Arduino would simply be "controlled" without any advanced logic running on the board).
There are Java alternatives, but I think they are costly. For example ST Microelectronics has this java IDE based on eclipse:
Java SDK
I have no experience with java on microcontrollers, but Java have many similarities (C based language) to C++ (which is more supported with microcontrollers), but it is still C that is dominating. It should be possible to learn this quite fast if you already know Java.
Arduino uses C++ and are easy to use for people inexperience with C/C++.
I suggest you also try the STM32 Java forum to see if there are users already sharing their experiences:
STM32 Java forum
You can look at Java on a Chip (JoC Module) is the java programmable controller-module
JoC have a reference Board Javaino for easy development
Also Demmel iLCD product have the Java VM on board, it's a smart display with JVM
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I'm still a newbie programmer and I am looking at some garbage collected languages that are suited for writing desktop GUI applications. The language must be available on Windows, OSX and Linux. I say "garbage collected" instead of high level since a language like D isn't quite high level (imo) but is garbage collected, compiles to native code and gives near C++ performance. However the most developed GUI toolkit for D is DWT, wich is a port of SWT. The few SWT apps I have used look ugly on every platform. If D had a Qt binding that would be great, but the only thing I could find was QtD which seems to be a dead project.
Languages I am aware of:
Java
Python
D
I'd rather not use C# with Mono and syntax-wise I prefer languages similar to C/C++.
Are there any others, and what would you suggest?
EDIT: The language doesn't have to compile to native code, compiling to bytecode and running in a VM is just fine.
Every programming language that I know, that has a compiler to the native code, uses some C or C++ GUI toolkit for GUI. SWT/DWT uses GTK on Linux/Unix for an example. If SWT applications look ugly to you, then either you did not configure the GTK theme or you did something with the look&feel initialisation. SWT applications look exactly the same as any "native" GUI application.
Even though I am a former C++ programmer, and no matter how I dislike it now, I would still recommend C++ to you because you asked for programming language with compiler that compiles to native binary. Additional requirement you specified is the garbage collector. Use the libgc in your C++ applications, and that is all you need. More about it here: http://developers.sun.com/solaris/articles/libgc.html .
In the field of programming languages with native compilers I am more/less settled with D, but unfortunately, D has no actively-developed GUI ToolKit as we speak. That will be solved soon, but until then, use C++.
What about vala?
Vala is an object-oriented programming language with a self-hosting
compiler that generates C code and uses the GObject system. Vala is
syntactically similar to C# and includes useful language features like
anonymous functions, signals, properties, generics, assisted memory
management, exception handling, type inference, and foreach
statements.2 It is being developed by Jürg Billeter and Raffaele
Sandrini. It aims to bring modern language features to C[clarification
needed][peacock term], with no added runtime needs and with little
overhead, by targeting the GObject object system. Rather than being
compiled directly to assembly or to another intermediate language,
Vala is source-to-source compiled to C which is then compiled with a
platform's standard C compiler, such as gcc.
Go there is as well some bindings for GTK, FLTK and WALK. Check out this thread.
On Java you can still modify the Look and Feel of your UI. Java gets also a port of Qt called Qt Jambi.
And then there are very stable languages like Free Pascal/Lazarus and PureBasic that work well (same source code compiles on all platforms) on Win, OS X and Linux
Real Studio uses reference counting for automated memory management. It's not garbage collection, but better in many ways.
And of course Real Studio runs on Windows, OS X and Linux and can create apps for Windows, OS X, Linux and the web.
You could use Qt Quick. It has a declarative UI language called QML and it's scriptable with javascript.
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What coding tools do you use for improving effectivness of programming in FLEX?
I found Tr.ace() AS3 Debugging Utility which help me a lot with working in a team of programmers?
frameworks like RobotLegs and others.
Signals.
What are the others?
Chris
I guess it depends how you define tools. These are some things used by me, or others I've spoken to:
ServiceCapture: This is a great program to see the packets being sent to and from the browser / Flash Player and a remote server. Charles is another common tool for this purpose; and Flash Builder now has a network monitor built in to perform the same task. ServiceCapture will also show the trace statements that your app puts out.
Step Through Debugger: The Step Through Debugger is a fantastic tool for stepping through code to figure out what happens. It's built nicely into Flash Builder; but there is a command line tool too. I assume that other Flex IDEs support this functionality.
Flash Builder: You can write code in a text editor and compile it via command line tools; but an IDE helps tremendously. Flash Buyilder is Adobe's IDE; and the one I use primarily, but others exist such as IntelliJ or FDT.
ANT: ANT is build tool that allows you to do a bunch of tasks automatically; such as compiling and automatically uploading to a server. Maven and CruiseControl are two alternate options I've heard about. I think both are much more advanced than ANT.
Subversion: Subversion is a version control system that allows you to track changes with your code. It is strongly recommended for any project; but has extra special benefits when it comes to projects with multiple people working on them. Other options are Git, and CVS.
I would like to add some thing with "www.Flextras.com" answer.
Profiling the application
Profiling an application can help you in understanding the following:
Call Frequency
Method Duration
Call Stacks
Number of Instances and their sizes at any givin point of time
Garbage collection and Loitering Objects
for More info refer the link
http://livedocs.adobe.com/flex/3/html/help.html?content=profiler_1.html
since the profiling and network monitor available to premium Flash builders.
~~~~~~~Happy Coding~~~~~~~~~
There is also
Flexformatter: This is a great plugin for Flash Builder that helps you clean up Actionscript/MXML code.
http://sourceforge.net/apps/mediawiki/flexformatter/index.php?title=Main_Page
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I was wondering which one should I consider if I need the software to be used on both platforms, WIN and Linux and why?
Packaging GTK and its dependencies on Windows is a full-time project in itself. Qt is much more easily distributed since it has no dependencies that do not come with Windows.
Qt has been cross platform from the start. GTK has not always been cross platform. Such fundamental decisions shape the overall design, and should be made before any code is written in my opinion.
I would comment more, but I'd be drifting into speculation, the above two things I know for certain.
Both are good toolkits that have their advantages and disadvantages.
One difference is the implementation language. Qt is in C++, and GTK+ is in C. However GTK+ has bindings for many, many other languages (perl, python, C++, .NET, etc) so it's not a huge issue.
An Advantage of Qt is that it offers a bit broader range of functionality built in (xml, database access, network programming, openGL, etc). GTK+ has basically all of these things within its orbit (e.g. libxml2, librsvg, libsoup, libgda, etc), but they're not as much of a single coherent package as Qt is.
My personal recommendation is to use gtkmm, the C++ bindings for GTK+. It offers a more comfortable object-oriented language to program in, and it provides nearly the same native performance as using GTK+ from C. (Disclaimer: I contribute to gtkmm).
GTK+ you can use almost in all programming languages, in C++ (using gtkmm) in C (gtk+) in C# (with Gtk#) in Python (PyGtk). Behind GTK you have Mono Framework which is great implementation of .NET Framework for cross platform purposes. If you want to use Gtk# you have great IDE (MonoDevelop) with a very powerful gui designer. You can take a look at www.mono-project.org. But still depends what do you want to build, you are looking just gui toolkit, or the entire framework? And the logic behind signals/slots are the same in Gtk+ and Qt, but if you are using Gtk# they are transformed in the delegates/events paradigm.
my $0.02:
I've used Qt off and on for the last 4 years, and it's hands-down my favorite toolkit of anything I've tried (Win32, MFC, Borland, Java, GTK). I used GTK for a few weeks to try it out, and didn't like it. Mostly that was because I think it's awkward to use C instead of C++ for GUI apps on a PC... I do embedded work too, and I'd never use C++ on an 8051, but for a big GUI app I much prefer it. If you're going to try GTK, I'd suggest looking in to GTKmm, although I've never used it myself.
You might also consider wxWidgets. I have never used any of them but when I was looking over the cross-platform toolkits it was the one I had decided to try.
They are both fine toolkits. I'd base my decision on the licensing. Qt requires that you pay for a license if you are using it in a commercial product wheras GTK does not.
Three additional points in favor of Qt:
Your project does not have to be GPL; there are many other open-source licenses available in the Qt GPL Exception, including BSD and LGPL.
Qt's default theme on Windows does a much better job of blending in than GTK's Wimp theme.
If you want to support Macs later, you'll have a much easier time with Qt.
I would prefer Qt. As today, Qt is Open-source and free under more permissive, LGPL license.
Qt is better ported for Windows and looks more native than GTK. Gimp on windows, for example, looks very strange, because most of its dialogs are not Windows dialogs. Qt can use native Window dialogs like Open/Save which makes it feel better as a framework. And yes, Qt is a framework, not only a GUI Widget. No, I am not advertising Qt here, as Qt have some strangeness for a windows user from development point of view, for example, Qt is Layout based while MFC / .NET are anchor based and Qt's Layout managers are sometimes strange. But if I have to choose between both GTK and Qt, I will select Qt. Also, now, Qt comes with very good IDE, Qt Creator, which is my default C/C++ IDE for all types of projects now (as Qt Creator can be used as such).
Qt 5.0 has won the war.
I'm not a huge fan of C++ (I prefer plain old C), but I must admit that the Qt framework is amazing.
Try to write a GUI program with GTK that runs on OSX, Linux, Windows (and soon iOS and Android) with native look-and-feel... Good luck !
I recommend to use Qt because:
It's cross-platform and and covers wide range of operating systems (including mobile)
It is opensource and has a fast speed in getting better
It has the a nice GUI designer and a very capable IDE (Qt Creator)
The API design is excellent and easy to use
It has a great documentation which is easy to read
It has the Qt translation system which enables you to have a multilingual app
The GUI layout system where the widgets resize themselves according to a layout makes everything much easier
The QML gives you the power to create fantastic GUI with great graphics and animations
It has great support for networking and connectivity(socket, SSL, www, IPC, ...)
It has QTestLib for testing the code
It has many language binding if you don't want to use C++