Im using Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
We replaced LISTAGG() with XMLAGG() to avoid concatenation error.
when i check the lenght of charecters from both of the fuction output, XMLAGG() giving an extra char in length.
Could you please suggest me how can i overcome this issue.
Please find the below sql and out put
XMLAGG():
SELECT TO_CHAR (
SUBSTR (
XMLAGG (XMLELEMENT (e, table_name, CHR (13)).EXTRACT (
'//text()') ORDER BY tablespace_name).GetClobVal (),
1,
2000))
AS str_concate,
LENGTH (
TO_CHAR (
SUBSTR (
XMLAGG (XMLELEMENT (e, table_name, CHR (13)).EXTRACT (
'//text()') ORDER BY tablespace_name).GetClobVal (),
1,
2000)))
AS str_length
FROM all_tables
WHERE table_name = 'TEST_LOAD
OUTPUT:
STR_CONCATE STR_LENGTH
TEST_LOAD TEST_LOAD 26
LISTAGG()
SELECT LISTAGG (SUBSTR (table_name, 1, 2000), CHR (13))
WITHIN GROUP (ORDER BY tablespace_name)
AS str_concate,
LENGTH (
LISTAGG (SUBSTR (table_name, 1, 2000), CHR (13))
WITHIN GROUP (ORDER BY tablespace_name))
AS str_length
FROM all_tables
WHERE table_name = 'TEST_LOAD';
OUTPUT:
STR_CONCATE STR_LENGTH
TEST_LOAD TEST_LOAD 25
In case of XMLELEMENT, you actually create node of XML tree with two children: table_name and CHR(13). (May be it finally looks like single node since both are texts but it is not important.) It is expansion of value_expr nonterminal. The substantial thing is the node is not aware of other nodes and CHR(13) is added to every node as its suffix or, in other words, terminator.
In case of LISTAGG, you describe aggregation of multiple elements. In this case, your CHR(13) serves as delimiter (see syntax diagram) which is put between elements. It is separator rather than terminator.
Since XMLAGG does not suffer with 4000 char limit, I usually prefer XMLAGG.
If separator is needed, I recommend to prepend it before each value and cut first occurence using substr. Appending after is possible but makes expression harder.
substr(
xmlagg(
xmlelement(e, ', ' || table_name).extract('//text()')
order by tablespace_name
).getclobval(),
3 -- length(', ')+1
)
Related
I have the following table TEMP
I want to create a pivot view using SQL, Ordered by CATEGORY ASC ,by LEVEL DESC and SET ASC and fill in the value .
Expected output:
I have tried the following code but unable to get a workaround the aggregate part which is throwing an error:
SELECT *
FROM
(SELECT
SET, LEVEL, CATEGORY, VALUE
FROM
TEMP
ORDER BY
CATEGORY ASC, LEVEL DESC, SET ASC) x
PIVOT
(value(VALUE) FOR RISK_LEVEL IN ('X','Y','Z') AND CATEGORY IN ('ABC', 'DEF', 'GHI', 'JKL')) p
Furthermore I want to know if there can be any method for dynamically adding the columns and arriving at this view for any table having the same columns (so that hardcoding can be avoided).
I know we can do this in Excel and transpose it, but I want the data to be stored in the db in this format.
A stored function(or procedure) might be created in order to create a SQL for Dynamic Pivoting, and the result set is loaded into a variable of type SYS_REFCURSOR :
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION Get_Categories_RS RETURN SYS_REFCURSOR IS
v_recordset SYS_REFCURSOR;
v_sql VARCHAR2(32767);
v_cols_1 VARCHAR2(32767);
v_cols_2 VARCHAR2(32767);
BEGIN
SELECT LISTAGG( ''''||"level"||''' AS "'||"level"||'"' , ',' )
WITHIN GROUP ( ORDER BY "level" DESC )
INTO v_cols_1
FROM (
SELECT DISTINCT "level"
FROM temp
);
SELECT LISTAGG( 'MAX(CASE WHEN category = '''||category||''' THEN "'||"level"||'" END) AS "'||"level"||'_'||category||'"' , ',' )
WITHIN GROUP ( ORDER BY category, "level" DESC )
INTO v_cols_2
FROM (
SELECT DISTINCT "level", category
FROM temp
);
v_sql :=
'SELECT "set", '|| v_cols_2 ||'
FROM
(
SELECT *
FROM temp
PIVOT
(
MAX(value) FOR "level" IN ( '|| v_cols_1 ||' )
)
)
GROUP BY "set"
ORDER BY "set"';
OPEN v_recordset FOR v_sql;
RETURN v_recordset;
END;
in which I used two levels of pivoting : the first is within the inner query involving PIVOT Clause, and the second is in the outer query having the conditional aggregation logic. Notice that the order of levels should be in the descending order( Z, Y, X ) within the expected result as conforming to the description.
And then invoke
VAR rc REFCURSOR
EXEC :rc := Get_Categories_RS;
PRINT rc
from SQL Developer's Command Line in order to get the result set
Btw, avoid using reserved keywords such as set and level as in your case. I needed to quote them in order to be able to use.
select TO_NUMBER (SUBSTR(10.31, INSTR (10.31, '.') + 1)) from dual
Above query returns 31 as the output. But below query returns 3 as the output.
select TO_NUMBER (SUBSTR(10.30, INSTR (10.30, '.') + 1)) from dual
How could I get the 30 as the output instead of the 3?
As it seems (from comments) that you are starting with a numeric value that you want to turn into words, you should begin by splitting it into dollars and cents.
If you really need to use substr etc, then you could start with a known format, such as to_char(amount,'fm9990.00'), so it will be a string with exactly two decimal places. However, if you have the numeric value it would be easier to convert it into the desired units using arithmetic functions. Whole dollars are trunc(amount) and cents are 100 * mod(amount,1).
Another issue is that the 'Jsp' date format approach can't handle zeroes. If you are using Oracle 12.2 or later there is a workaround using the default on conversion error clause:
create table demo
( amount number(6,2) );
insert into demo values (10.3);
insert into demo values (.25);
insert into demo values (25);
select amount
, nvl(to_char(to_date(trunc(amount) default null on conversion error,'J'),'Jsp'),'Zero') as dollars
, nvl(to_char(to_date(100 * mod(amount,1) default null on conversion error,'J'),'Jsp'),'Zero') as cents
from demo;
AMOUNT DOLLARS CENTS
-------- ------------ -------------
10.30 Ten Thirty
25.00 Twenty-Five Zero
0.25 Zero Twenty-Five
In 12.1 you could get around it using an inline function (maybe not a bad idea even in later versions, to simplify the rest of the query):
with
function to_words(num number) return varchar2 as
begin
return
case num
when 0 then 'Zero'
else to_char(to_date(num,'J'),'Jsp')
end;
end;
select amount
, to_words(trunc(amount)) as dollars
, to_words(100 * mod(amount,1)) as cents
from demo;
For values greater than 5373484 (the Julian representation of date '9999-12-31'), you can use this from Ask Tom: Spell the number (converted here to a WITH clause, but you can create it as a standalone function):
with function spell_number
( p_number in number )
return varchar2
as
-- Tom Kyte, 2001:
-- https://asktom.oracle.com/pls/asktom/f?p=100:11:0::::P11_QUESTION_ID:1407603857650
l_num varchar2(50) := trunc(p_number);
l_return varchar2(4000);
type myarray is table of varchar2(15);
l_str myarray :=
myarray
( ''
, ' thousand '
, ' million '
, ' billion '
, ' trillion '
, ' quadrillion '
, ' quintillion '
, ' sextillion '
, ' septillion '
, ' octillion '
, ' nonillion '
, ' decillion '
, ' undecillion '
, ' duodecillion ');
begin
for i in 1 .. l_str.count loop
exit when l_num is null;
if substr(l_num, length(l_num) -2, 3) <> 0 then
l_return := to_char(to_date(substr(l_num, length(l_num) - 2, 3), 'J'), 'Jsp') || l_str(i) || l_return;
end if;
l_num := substr(l_num, 1, length(l_num) - 3);
end loop;
return l_return;
end spell_number;
select amount
, spell_number(trunc(amount)) as dollars
, spell_number(100 * mod(amount,1)) as cents
from demo
/
I am actually surprised that your current query is even running without error, given that Oracle's SUBSTR function is supposed to operate on strings, not numbers. That being said, if you properly use your current query with strings, then it works:
SELECT TO_NUMBER(SUBSTR('10.30', INSTR ('10.30', '.') + 1)) FROM dual; -- returns 30
A more compact (though not necessarily more performant) way of doing this might be to use REGEXP_SUBSTR:
SELECT REGEXP_SUBSTR('10.30', '[0-9]+$') FROM dual;
This would retain only digits appearing after the decimal point, in the case that a decimal point be present. Otherwise, it would just return all numbers for inputs which have no decimal component.
I want to sort semicolon separated values per row in a column. Eg.
Input:
abc;pqr;def;mno
xyz;pqr;abc
abc
xyz;jkl
Output:
abc;def;mno;pqr
abc;pqr;xyz
abc
jkl;xyz
Can anyone help?
Perhaps something like this. Breaking it down:
First we need to break up the strings into their component tokens, and then reassemble them, using LISTAGG(), while ordering them alphabetically.
There are many ways to break up a symbol-separated string. Here I demonstrate the use of a hierarchical query. It requires that the input strings be uniquely distinguished from each other. Since the exact same semicolon-separated string may appear more than once, and since there is no info from the OP about any other unique column in the table, I create a unique identifier (using ROW_NUMBER()) in the most deeply nested subquery. Then I run the hierarchical query to break up the inputs and then reassemble them in the outermost SELECT.
with
test_data as (
select 'abc;pqr;def;mno' as str from dual union all
select 'xyz;pqr;abc' from dual union all
select 'abc' from dual union all
select 'xyz;jkl' from dual
)
-- End of test data (not part of the solution!)
-- SQL query begins BELOW THIS LINE.
select str,
listagg(token, ';') within group (order by token) as sorted_str
from (
select rn, str,
regexp_substr(str, '([^;]*)(;|$)', 1, level, null, 1) as token
from (
select str, row_number() over (order by null) as rn
from test_data
)
connect by level <= length(str) - length(replace(str, ';')) + 1
and prior rn = rn
and prior sys_guid() is not null
)
group by rn, str
;
STR SORTED_STR
--------------- ---------------
abc;pqr;def;mno abc;def;mno;pqr
xyz;pqr;abc abc;pqr;xyz
abc abc
xyz;jkl jkl;xyz
4 rows selected.
In my Pl/Sql code , I have three variables v_var1 , v_operand , v_var2 whose values are populated based on some logic (v_var1 & v_var2 can be date , number , varchar. Associated Operand will be according to data type only). A sample would be
v_var1 = 10 , v_operand = '=' , v_var2 = 20.
Based on these value , I have to evaluate whether the condition "v_var1 -v_operand- v_var2"is true or false.
Ex :- with above values, I have to evaluate whether 10 equals 20 or not.
How can I achieve this ? Can I pass the whole string as '10 = 20' to some function and get the result as false?
One way I can think of is to write CASE statements for evaluating but can there be a better way ?
You could use dynamic SQL to do the evaluation as a filter on the dual table:
declare
v_var1 varchar2(10) := '10';
v_operand varchar2(10) := '=';
v_var2 varchar2(10) := '20';
l_result number;
begin
execute immediate 'select count(*) from dual where :var1 ' || v_operand || ' :var2'
into l_result using v_var1, v_var2;
if l_result = 1 then
dbms_output.put_line('True');
else
dbms_output.put_line('False');
end if;
end;
/
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
False
If the condition is true the count will get 1, otherwise it will get 0, and you can then test that via the local variable you select the count into.
Holding dates and numbers as strings isn't ideal, even temporarily, but might be OK as long as you convert to/from the real data types consistently, e.g. always explicitly converting dates with to_date and to_char and specifying the format masks.
I am doing a long to string conversion using java in following way.
Long longValue = 367L;
String str = Long.toString(longValue, 36).toUpperCase();
this is returning me as value A7. how can achieve this in doing oracle sql.
UPDATED:
Hi, I have analyzed how java code is working then wanted to implement the same thing in procedure.
First point is Input vaues. LONG and Radix. in my case Radix is 36. so i will have values from 1..9A...Z0 It picks up the values from this set only.
Second point Long value as input. we have to divide this value with radix. if the quotient is more than 36 again we need to divide.
For eaxmple 367 then my converted value is 10(quotient) 7(remainder) that is A7.
3672 converted value is 102 0 i need to do again for 102 that is 2 -6 so my final value will be 2-6 0 that is 2U0(- means reverse the order).
UPDATE 2:
Using oracle built in functions we can do this. this was solved by my friend and gave me a function.I want to thank my friend. this will give me an out put as follows.
367 then my converted value is 10(quotient) 7(remainder) that is *A*7.(I modified this to my requirement).
FUNCTION ENCODE_STRING(BASE_STRING IN VARCHAR2,
FROM_BASE IN NUMBER,
TO_BASE IN NUMBER)
RETURN VARCHAR2
IS
V_ENCODED_STRING VARCHAR(100);
BEGIN
WITH N1 AS (
SELECT SUM((CASE
WHEN C BETWEEN '0' AND '9'
THEN TO_NUMBER(C)
ELSE
ASCII(C) - ASCII('A') + 10
END) * POWER(FROM_BASE, LEN - RN)
) AS THE_NUM
FROM (SELECT SUBSTR(BASE_STRING, ROWNUM, 1) C, LENGTH(BASE_STRING) LEN, ROWNUM RN
FROM DUAL
CONNECT BY ROWNUM <= LENGTH(BASE_STRING))
),
N2 AS (
SELECT (CASE
WHEN N < 10
THEN TO_CHAR(N)
ELSE CHR(ASCII('A') + N - 10)
END) AS DIGI, RN
FROM (SELECT MOD(TRUNC(THE_NUM/POWER(TO_BASE, ROWNUM - 1)), TO_BASE) N, ROWNUM RN
FROM N1
CONNECT BY ROWNUM <= TRUNC(LOG(TO_BASE, THE_NUM)) + 1)
)
SELECT SYS_CONNECT_BY_PATH(DIGI, '*') INTO V_ENCODED_STRING
FROM N2
WHERE RN = 1
START WITH RN = (SELECT MAX(RN) FROM N2)
CONNECT BY RN = PRIOR RN - 1;
RETURN V_ENCODED_STRING;
IN PL/SQL (or Oracle SQL) you have the a function called TO_CHAR.
http://docs.oracle.com/cd/B19306_01/server.102/b14200/functions181.htm
It is not possible to do it in the pure SQL. You have to use PL/SQL.
Simple example how to do it PL/SQL:
CREATE TABLE long_tbl
(
long_col LONG
);
INSERT INTO long_tbl VALUES('How to convert the Long value to String using sql');
DECLARE
l_varchar VARCHAR2(32767);
BEGIN
SELECT long_col
INTO l_varchar
FROM long_tbl;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(l_varchar);
END;
-- How to convert the Long value to String using sql
There is TO_LOB function but it can only by used when you insert data into table.
http://docs.oracle.com/cd/B19306_01/server.102/b14200/functions185.htm
You can apply this function only to a LONG or LONG RAW column, and
only in the select list of a subquery in an INSERT statement.
There is also other, more proper way to do it by using "dbms_sql.column_value_long" but this gets complicated (fetching of the LONG column and appending to the CLOB type.)
http://docs.oracle.com/cd/B19306_01/appdev.102/b14258/d_sql.htm#i1025399
(Oracle Database PL/SQL Packages and Types Reference)