Im having an issue using PySerial while communicating with my Arduino - arduino

So I'm trying to make a lighting system for my computer, I wanted to write the GUI and whatnot within Python and handle all the controlling of lights and stuff with the Arduino. After some research PySerial seemed like the easiest to use and understand being a beginner myself. I honestly have no idea what I'm doing here and I'm getting errors that I can't diagnose, and Google is not helping whatsoever.
Here is the code I have running in python now:
import serial
ser = serial.Serial('COM8', 9600) # Establish the connection on a specific port
while True:
numIn = str(input("Enter a Color value: "))
ser.write(numIn)
print (ser.readline())
On the Arduino side I have:
void setup ()
{
Serial.begin (9600);
Serial.println ("Ready\n\n");
}
void loop ()
{
int intensity = 0;
while (Serial.available() == 0)
while (Serial.available() > 0)
{
char byteIn = Serial.read();
intensity += int(byteIn) - '0';
Serial.print(byteIn);
}
}
Through Python I'd be sending a value between 0 - 255, That number should be being saved as a string and then be sent to the Arduino which would then create an integer character by character. For debugging reasons I wanted to echo back the string to Python but I haven't gotten my code to run that far yet. There is something up with the way I'm trying to send the data from Python to the Arduino, this is the Trace back I am getting:
Enter a Color value: 25
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:\Users\Squirrelzar\Documents\Python Proj\Arduino Serial Testing.py", line 10, in <module>
ser.write(numIn)
File "C:\Python34\lib\site-packages\serial\serialwin32.py", line 283, in write
data = to_bytes(data)
File "C:\Python34\lib\site-packages\serial\serialutil.py", line 76, in to_bytes
b.append(item) # this one handles int and str for our emulation and ints for Python 3.x
TypeError: an integer is required
Im using Python 3.4 with PySerial 2.7
Any help would be greatly appreciated..I am so lost..

You can send from python the integer value as a string, and read it directly in Arduino as integer using Serial.parseInt(). The next code works for me (linux, python 2.7):
Python:
import serial
ser = serial.Serial('/dev/ttyACM1', 9600)
print (ser.readline())
while True:
numIn = raw_input("Enter a Color value: ") # Returns the value as string
ser.write(numIn)
msg = ser.readline()
print (msg)
Arduino:
void setup ()
{
Serial.begin (9600);
Serial.print ("Ready\n");
}
void loop ()
{
while(Serial.available())
{
int inNumber = Serial.parseInt(); # retunrs the first valid long integer buffered
Serial.print(inNumber);
Serial.print('\n');
}
}
A comment, if you send Serial.println ("Ready\n\n"); you have to read all the new-line characters before reading other data

Related

How to program own Wifi "Mute" Stomp Box to remote control a Behringer X32 Rack?

I´m totally new to coding, this is even my first post here. Im tryng this because nobody sells what I want/need ;-).
I achived already quite a bit, but at this moment I´m getting lost with a lot of things (I read a lot about coding in general and in special with Arduino the last 8 dayas)... but let me explain first what my intention on this project is:
I want to build a "Stomp Box" to mute a Behringer X32 Rack (wireless) Channels/Mutegroups/Buses, just Mute On/Off.. nothing else.
This Box should have 4-6 "stompers" (buttons), each of this buttons should have a different Mute function.
Also the current state of the Channel/Mutegroup/Bus should be indicated by LED´s green if unmuted or red if muted.
Therfore the box needs to evaulate the current state of the designated Channel/Mutegroup/Bus, because it could change also from other remote devices.
And then switch to the opposite state when pressing/stomping on designated button.
I´d like to have code where I can easily change the action of a button, Like:
button1 = /ch/01/mix/on ,i 1
button2 = /config/mute/1 ,i 1
button3 = /dca/1/on ,i 1
so in case I need a differnt Channel/Mutegroup/Bus for another event simply edit and recode my ESP32 Node Kit
So here is my code I already have:
#include "WiFi.h"
#include <WiFiUdp.h>
#include <ArduinoOTA.h>
#include <SPI.h>
#include <OSCMessage.h> //https://github.com/CNMAT/OSC
#define WIFI_NETWORK "xxxxxxxxxx" //SSID of you Wifi
#define WIFI_PASSWORD "xxxxxxxxxxx" //Your Wifi Password
#define WIFI_TIMEOUT_MS 20000 // 20 second WiFi connection timeout
#define WIFI_RECOVER_TIME_MS 30000 // Wait 30 seconds after a failed connection attempt
int muteOn = 0;// 0=Mute
int muteOff = 1;// 1=Unmute
int input;
WiFiUDP Udp;
const IPAddress outIp (192, 168, 10, 129); //Mixers IP
const unsigned int outPort = 10023; //X32 Port
//variables for blinking an LED with Millis
const int led = 2; // ESP32 Pin to which onboard LED is connected
unsigned long previousMillis = 0; // will store last time LED was updated
const long interval = 300; // interval at which to blink (milliseconds)
int ledState = LOW; // ledState used to set the LED
void connectToWiFi(){
Serial.print("Zu WLAN verbinden...");
WiFi.mode(WIFI_STA);
WiFi.begin(WIFI_NETWORK, WIFI_PASSWORD);
unsigned long startAttemptTime = millis();
while(WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED && millis() - startAttemptTime < WIFI_TIMEOUT_MS){
Serial.println(".");
delay(100);
}
if(WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED){
Serial.println("Nicht Verbunden!");
//optional take action
}else{
Serial.print("WLAN Verbunden mit ");
Serial.println(WIFI_NETWORK);
Serial.println(WiFi.localIP( ));
}
}
void setup() {
Serial.begin(115200);
connectToWiFi();
Udp.begin(8888);
pinMode(led, OUTPUT);
// Port defaults to 3232
// ArduinoOTA.setPort(3232);
// Hostname defaults to esp3232-[MAC]
// ArduinoOTA.setHostname("myesp32");
// No authentication by default
// ArduinoOTA.setPassword("admin");
// Password can be set with it's md5 value as well
// MD5(admin) = 21232f297a57a5a743894a0e4a801fc3
// ArduinoOTA.setPasswordHash("21232f297a57a5a743894a0e4a801fc3");
ArduinoOTA
.onStart([]() {
String type;
if (ArduinoOTA.getCommand() == U_FLASH)
type = "sketch";
else // U_SPIFFS
type = "filesystem";
// NOTE: if updating SPIFFS this would be the place to unmount SPIFFS using SPIFFS.end()
Serial.println("Start updating " + type);
})
.onEnd([]() {
Serial.println("\nEnd");
})
.onProgress([](unsigned int progress, unsigned int total) {
Serial.printf("Progress: %u%%\r", (progress / (total / 100)));
})
.onError([](ota_error_t error) {
Serial.printf("Error[%u]: ", error);
if (error == OTA_AUTH_ERROR) Serial.println("Auth Failed");
else if (error == OTA_BEGIN_ERROR) Serial.println("Begin Failed");
else if (error == OTA_CONNECT_ERROR) Serial.println("Connect Failed");
else if (error == OTA_RECEIVE_ERROR) Serial.println("Receive Failed");
else if (error == OTA_END_ERROR) Serial.println("End Failed");
});
ArduinoOTA.begin();
Serial.println("Ready");
Serial.print("IP address: ");
Serial.println(WiFi.localIP());
}
void loop(){
ArduinoOTA.handle();
unsigned long currentMillis = millis();
if (currentMillis - previousMillis >= interval) {
// save the last time you blinked the LED
previousMillis = currentMillis;
// if the LED is off turn it on and vice-versa:
ledState = not(ledState);
// set the LED with the ledState of the variable:
digitalWrite(led, ledState);
}
input=Serial.read();
if (input=='0'){
// welcher status hat der kanal?
// wenn Kanal gemutet dann unmute und umgekehrt
Serial.println("Mute!");
delay(100);
sendMute(); //send Mute to Mixer
Serial.println("...");
}
if (input=='1'){
Serial.println("UnMute!");
delay(100);
sendUnMute();
Serial.println("...");
}
}
void sendMute() {
//the message wants an OSC address as first argument
OSCMessage msg("/ch/01/mix/on");
msg.add(muteOn);
Udp.beginPacket(outIp, outPort);
msg.send(Udp); // send the bytes to the SLIP stream
Udp.endPacket(); // mark the end of the OSC Packet
msg.empty(); // free space occupied by message
delay(20);
}
void sendUnMute() {
//the message wants an OSC address as first argument
OSCMessage msg("/ch/01/mix/on");
msg.add(muteOff);
Udp.beginPacket(outIp, outPort);
msg.send(Udp); // send the bytes to the SLIP stream
Udp.endPacket(); // mark the end of the OSC Packet
msg.empty(); // free space occupied by message
delay(20);
}
So I testet this via serial Monitor, when I input "0" and click send, the mixer mutes channel 1 and on input "1" channel 1 becomes unmuted, so far so good... (OSCMessage msg("/ch/01/mix/on"); ... section.
What bothers me here in special is, I had to hardcode the command "/ch/01/mix/on", because I am not able to declare a variable? for this string? I am already so confused that I don´t know if I even have the terms right :-(
BTW: There are a lot solutions out there how to do it with MIDI, but MIDI is not wireles and I think for my project overkill. I also did some some research on github.com/CNMAT/OSC but I don´t get it... (crying)...
I found also a post here, but this didn´t helped either... :-(
Any advice on that how I can reach my goal?--
Any help is much apprceiated... even in German (my native language... )
PS: Yes I´m a begginner and I admit it. But at least I managed how to connect and flash this thing even via OTA in the last 8 days, so please be easy on me.
Not wanting to hardcode your commands is a good instinct.
The Arduino language is C++, which is (mostly) a superset of C. C and C++ use a preprocessor which lets you define constants and test for their presence.
For instance, you could write:
#define CHAN01_MIX_ON_COMMAND "/ch/01/mix/on"
and then use CHAN01_MIX_ON_COMMAND anywhere you want to use that constant, like so:
void sendMute() {
//the message wants an OSC address as first argument
OSCMessage msg(CHAN01_MIX_ON_COMMAND);
Then if you ever need to change the string "/ch/01/mix/on" you can just change it in one location and not worry about finding every instance of it in your code.
Writing the names in #define statements is a convention people usually follow in order to make it more clear that they're constants.
You have to write the #define line before you use the constant you defined, so putting it at the start of the file (after any #include lines and before your first function) is a good practice. Or if you have several you might put them all in their own file called something like commands.h (the .h means header file)and then include that at the start of any file that needs it like so:
#include "commands.h"
This #include statement would insert the contents of the file commands.h into the file that the statement is in.
When you have several #define statements, keeping them all together in one place (whether it's at the top of the file or in their own file) is also a good practice so that you have one central place to find them and update them if you need to.
Some people will assign the string constant to a variable like so:
char *channel01_mix_on_cmd = "/ch/01/mix/on";
Here char means "a character" - like one letter or number or symbol. The * means pointer to, which lets you use an array of characters. Simple strings in C and C++ are just arrays of characters (or a pointer to the first character), with a special hidden character at the end set to numeric value 0 (not the character '0'). C++ also has a string datatype called std::string and Arduino programs have String but those are both overkill here. They all let you work with strings; String is much easier to use than char * but both have strengths and weaknesses.
Like the #define, you'd also place that outside a function near the start of the file. It defines a global variable that would be available to any function that references it.
You'd also use the variable anywhere they want the string. It's the same idea as using #define, just done slightly differently. For instance:
void sendMute() {
//the message wants an OSC address as first argument
OSCMessage msg(channel01_mix_on_cmd);
Using a variable here is an attempt to save storage by not having multiple copies of the string. It's not necessary; C/C++ compilers have for a very long time detected this and stored only one copy of the string. It might save space if your code is split into multiple files.
Saving space on CPUs like the ESP32 and ESP8266 is important because they have so little memory. #define is fine here because the compiler does it automatically for you.
You can create the command string with sprintf.
so for example:
#define CHANNELON "on"
#define CHANNELOFF "off"
int channel;
int mute;
char messageString[100];
// some code that calculates the channel number and the mute state:
channel = 1;
mute = 1;
// then check the mute state and create the command string:
if (mute)
{
// to turn off a channel:
sprintf(messageString,"/ch/%02d/mix/%s",channel,CHANNELOFF);
}
else
{
// to turn on a channel:
sprintf(messageString,"/ch/%02d/mix/%s",channel,CHANNELON);
}
// send the command:
OSCMessage msg(messageString);
the %02d will substitute an integer with a zero in front,
if it's smaller than 10 and that is always 2 characters long.
so if channel is 1, the result would be 01

Why does serial.available does not work in this code snippet?

I have a processing sketch which needs to set up 2 connections with USB devices. I cannot tell in advance which device is USB0 and which is USB1. (not that I am aware off atleast)
One of the devices awnsers with hello the other one does not answer at all. Therefor I have written code with a simple timeout. In the setup I check continously if there are bytes to read. But both a while and an if statement yield incorrect results
while( dccCentral.available() < 5 ) {
if( dccCentral.available() >= 5) break;
if(millis() > 5000 ) {
println("timeout occured");
println(dccCentral.available());
break;
}
}
These lines are in setup. The text "timeout occured" is always printed. Underneath it, the result of dccCentral.available() is printed. This number is 12 which is correct.
regardless, if dccCentral.available() prints 12 at that time. The first if-statement:
if( dccCentral.available() >= 5) break;
should already have break'ed out of the while loop before this time-out should occur. The while-loop itself should also quit itself when 5 or more bytes are received.
Why do both these lines
while( dccCentral.available() < 5 ) {
if( dccCentral.available() >= 5) break;
fail?
Personally I try to avoid while loops unless there isn't another way (e.g. inside a thread) and that is avoid both logic pitfalls and messing with the lifecycle of other objects that might need a bit of time to initialise.
If you send strings from Arduino and also use println() you could init the port to easily catch that using Serial's bufferUntil() in conjuction with serialEvent() to finally readString().
Once you start getting data in, you could:
use references to the serial ports you're after and a couple of extra ones until you know which port is which
use a boolean "toggle" to only handle the "hello" once
if the hello was received, you can use the serialEvent() Serial argument to assign dccCentral and by process of elimination assign the other port
Here's a commented sketch to illustrate the idea:
import processing.serial.*;
// be sure to set this to the baud rate your device use with Arduino as well
final int BAUD_RATE = 115200;
// reference to Serial port sending "Hello" (when that get's detected)
Serial dccCentral;
// reference to the other Serial port
Serial otherDevice;
// temporary references
Serial usb0;
Serial usb1;
// 'toggle' to keep track where the hello was received and handled or not (by default initialised as false)
boolean wasHelloReceived;
void setup(){
usb0 = initSerial("/dev/ttyUSB0", BAUD_RATE);
usb1 = initSerial("/dev/ttyUSB1", BAUD_RATE);
}
Serial initSerial(String portName, int baudRate){
Serial port = null;
try{
port = new Serial(this, portName, baudRate);
// if sending strings and using println() from Arduino
// you can buffer all chars until the new line ('\n') character is found
port.bufferUntil('\n');
}catch(Exception e){
println("error initialising port: " + portName);
println("double check name, cable connections and close other software using the same port");
e.printStackTrace();
}
return port;
}
void draw(){
background(0);
text("wasHelloReceived: " + wasHelloReceived + "\n"
+"dccCentral: " + dccCentral + "\n"
+"otherDevice: " + otherDevice , 10 ,15);
// do something with the devices once they're ready (e.g. send a message every 3 seconds)
if(millis() % 3000 == 0){
if(dccCentral != null){
dccCentral.write("ping\n");
}
if(otherDevice != null){
otherDevice.write("pong\n");
}
}
}
void serialEvent(Serial port){
try{
String serialString = port.readString();
// if the received string is not null, nor empty
if(serialString != null && !serialString.isEmpty()){
// for debugging purposes display the data received
println("received from serial: " + serialString);
// trim any white space
serialString = serialString.trim();
// check if "hello" was received
if(serialString.equals("hello")){
println("hello detected!");
// if the dccCEntral (hello sending) serial port wasn't assigned yet, assign it
// think of this as debouncing a button: setting the port once "hello" was received should happen only once
if(!wasHelloReceived){
// now what dccCentral is found, assign it to the named reference
dccCentral = port;
// by process elimiation, assign the other port
// (e.g. if dccCentral == usb0, then other is usb1 and vice versa)
otherDevice = (dccCentral == usb0 ? usb1 : usb0);
/*
the above is the same as
if(dccCentral == usb0){
otherDevice = usb1;
}else{
otherDevice = usb0;
}
*/
wasHelloReceived = true;
}
}
}
}catch(Exception e){
println("error processing serial data");
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
Note the above code hasn't been tested so it may include syntax errors, but hopefully the point gets across.
I can't help notice that USB0/USB1 are how serial devices sometimes show up on Linux.
If you're working with a Raspberry Pi I can recommend a slightly easier way if you're comfortable with Python. The PySerial has a few tricks up it's sleeve:
You can simply call: python -m serial.tools.list_ports -v which will list ports with extra information such as serial number of the serial converter chipset. This could be useful to tell which device is which, regardless of the manufacturer and USB port used
Other than the serial port name/location, it supports multiple ways (URLs) of accessing the port with a very clever: hwgrep:// will allow you to filter a device by it's unique serial number
Here's a basic list_ports -v output for two devices with the same chipset:
column 1
/dev/ttyUSB9
desc: TTL232R-3V3
hwid: USB VID:PID=0403:6001 SER=FT94O21P LOCATION=1-2.2
column 2
/dev/ttyUSB8
desc: TTL232R-3V3
hwid: USB VID:PID=0403:6001 SER=FT94MKCI LOCATION=1-2.1.4
To assign the devices using serial you would use something like:
"hwgrep://FT94O21P"
"hwgrep://FT94MKCI"
Update
It might help to step by step debug the system and try one port a time.
The idea is to get the bit of code reading the expected serial string tight.
Here's a basic example that should simply accumulate one char at a time into a string and display it:
import processing.serial.*;
Serial port;
String fromSerial = "";
void setup(){
size(300,300);
port = initSerial("/dev/ttyUSB0", 115200);
}
Serial initSerial(String portName, int baudRate){
Serial port = null;
try{
port = new Serial(this, portName, baudRate);
// if sending strings and using println() from Arduino
// you can buffer all chars until the new line ('\n') character is found
port.bufferUntil('\n');
}catch(Exception e){
println("error initialising port: " + portName);
println("double check name, cable connections and close other software using the same port");
e.printStackTrace();
}
return port;
}
void draw(){
if(port != null){
if(port.available() > 0){
char inChar = port.readChar();
fromSerial += inChar;
if(inChar == '\n'){
println("newline encountered");
println(fromSerial.split("\n"));
}
}
}
background(0);
text("from serial:" + fromSerial, 10,15);
}
If the data from dccCentral comes in a expected: great, the code can be simplfied and right conditions applied to filter the device in the future,
otherwise it should help pin point communication issues getting the "hello" in the first place (which would be 6 bytes ("hello"(5) + '\n') if sent with Serial.println() from Arduino)
Regarding Python, no problem at all. Should the idea help in the future you can check out this answer. (AFAIK Processing Serial uses JSSC behind the scenes)

Arduino - sending large amount of data over Serial

I am trying to build a simple FLASH memory programmer (for 39SF020A) using my arduino mega. I wrote the C code and Python script to send the data over (And it all works as expected).
I need to transfer about 32k of hexadecimal data, but with my settings only 10k of data took about 4 minutes (115200 BAUD), which i found unnecessary long. Currently, i am sending over serial (from Python) my value with a terminator (i chose '$'), so for exmple '3F$'. adresses are calulated on the arduino, so no need to send them.
In my arduino code, i have
String received_string = Serial.readStringUntil('$');
and after programming every byte to teh FLASH using arduino, it sends back a '\n' to let the Python know, that it is ready to receive next byte (the python is waiting for receiving a 'line' and then continues). I am not really sure if this is a way to do it, if sending only one byte at the time is good idea and if not, how many and how do i parse them on the arduino? Is the feedback loop useful?
Thanks.
Python Code:
('file' contains all data)
for item in file[1:]:
ser.write((item + "$").encode("ascii"))
line = ser.readline()
i += 1
if i >= top:
break
elif (i % 100) == 0:
print(i)
Arduino code (just part of it)
if (Serial.available() > 0){
String received_string = Serial.readStringUntil('$');
programData(received_string.toInt(),program_adress);
program_adress++;
}
void programData(char data_in, unsigned long adress)
{
digitalWrite(OE,HIGH);
digitalWrite(CE,LOW);
writeByte(0xAA, 0x5555);
writeByte(0x55, 0x2AAA);
writeByte(0xA0, 0x5555);
writeByte(data_in, adress);
Serial.print("\n"); // Feedback for Python
delayMicroseconds(30); // Just to be on the safe side
}
void writeByte(char data_in, unsigned long adress)
{
setDataAs(OUTPUT);
digitalWrite(OE,HIGH);
digitalWrite(WE,HIGH);
setAdress(adress);
setData(data_in);
digitalWrite(WE,LOW);
delayMicroseconds(1);
digitalWrite(WE,HIGH);
}
// Sets data BUS to input or output
void setDataAs(char dir){
for (unsigned int i = 0; i < data_size ;i++) pinMode(data[i],dir);
}
// Sets data to specific values
void setData(char data_i){
setDataAs(OUTPUT);
for (int i = 0; i < data_size;i++) { digitalWrite(data[i],bitRead(data_i,i)); }
}
void setAdress(long adr){
// Set all adresses
for (int i = 0; i < adresses_size;i++)
digitalWrite(adresses[i],bitRead(adr,i));
}

Arduino stepper control by program

I try to control a stepper motor with a program that uses a protocol (see below)
I am able to control the stepper with the Accelstepper (see below) but have no idea how i can program the Arduino so it is able to communicate according te protocol through the serial port.
#include <AccelStepper.h>
// Define a stepper and the pins it will use
AccelStepper stepper(1, 3, 4);
int pos = 8192;
void setup()
{
stepper.setMaxSpeed(5000);
stepper.setAcceleration(1500);
}
void loop()
{
if (stepper.distanceToGo() == 0)
{
delay(500);
pos = -pos;
stepper.moveTo(pos);
}
stepper.run();
}
All commands sent to the rotary table are in simple character format including the motor numbers. Only the parts marked as xxx passed to the table as byte data. For example if you want table 1 rotate 4 steps instead of passing "I1M004" you pass "I1M" + (char)0 + (char)0 + (char)4
In general all commands get a reply in the form of: ^XXXXXX
Commands
V
Request the status of the rotary table. Usual reply would be ^R1R2R3R4 indicating rotary 1 ready, rotary 2 ready, etc. ^B1xxxR2R3R4 means rotary 1 is busy where xxx are 3 bytes indicates how many steps the rotary still has to perform.
SmMxxx
Sets the speed of the motor m to xxx, where xxx is a 3 bytes of data indicating the speed. Example code: port.Write("S1M" + (char)0 + (char)6 + (char)255); // set motor 1 to speed 1791. The standard speed range of our rotary table is: 0x000001 to 0x0012FF (1 to 4863). Controller will respond with ^mxx mirroring the motor number and 2 last bytes of speed setting.
ImMxxx
Turns motor m xxx number of steps. Controller will acknowledge with ^Bmxxx
DmCWLO
Set motor number m to rotate clockwise (So each consecutive command to rotate the motor m will rotate it clockwise).
DmCWHi
Sets rotary m to rotate counterclockwise.
EmHALT
Rotary m stop.
Rotary Sample Command Sequence
Motor numbers are passed as characters but the number of steps and speed are passed as 3 bytes of binary for simplicity.
send: V reply: ^R1R2R3R4
send: S1M1791 reply: ^191
send: D1CWLO reply: ^
send: I1M100 reply: ^B1100
I had a similar project for my dissertation work where I controlled an inverted pendulum from a PC via an arduino uno. I'm assuming you have a PC program what sends out the commands to the arduino, and the problem is to receive and interpret it on the Arduino board.
I wrote the code below with major help (some copy paste modify) from here
It basically opens the com port and then listens to the incoming commands from the PC. When a command is received, it breaks it up (the incoming commands come in a #00parameter format). All commands start with #. The following 2 digits define the command itself, and the following text/numbers are the parameters for the command.
Once the command and its parameters are known, the actual process related to the command can be executed. In your case this supposed to be the motor control related to the incoming commands. The below code obviously needs to be updated to match with your motor control functions, but the incoming command handling works just fine.
String inputString = ""; // a string to hold incoming data
boolean stringComplete = false; // whether the incloming string is complete
float kp = 10; //sample parameter 1
float kd = 5; //sample parameter 2
float ki = 2; //sample parameter 3
void setup()
{
Serial.begin(9600); //Start serial communication
inputString.reserve(200); //Reserves 200 bytes for the string
}
void loop()
{
//This becomes true when the serial port receives a "\n" character (end of line)
if (stringComplete)
{
SerialProc(); //the function which runs when a full line is received
inputString = ""; //once processed, the string is cleared
stringComplete = false; //set flag to false to indicate there is nothing in the buffer waiting
}
}
void serialEvent() //This serial event runs between each loop cycles
{
while (Serial.available()) //if there is anything in the incoming buffer this while loop runs
{
// get the next new byte:
char inChar = (char)Serial.read();
// add it to the inputString:
inputString += inChar;
// if the incoming character is a newline, set a flag
// so the main loop can do something about it:
if (inChar == '\n')
{
stringComplete = true; //This indicates the line is complete, and the main program can process it
}
}
}
void SerialProc() //the function which processes the incoming commands. It needs to be modified to your needs
{
//cmd is the first three characters of the incoming string / line
String cmd = inputString.substring(0,3); //first three characters in incoming string specifies the command
//param is the rest of the string to the end of the line (excluding the first three characters)
String param = inputString.substring(3, inputString.length()); //rest of incoming string is making up the parameter
//creating a buffer as an array of characters, same size as the length of the parameters string
char buf[param.length()];
//moving the parameters from string to the char array
param.toCharArray(buf,param.length());
//the above string to char array conversion is required for the string to float
//conversion below (atof)
//the below part is the command execution. Could have used a switch below, but the series of ifs
//just did the trick
if (cmd == "#00")
SendReply(); //Executing command 1
else if (cmd == "#01")
kp = atof(buf); //executing command 2 (setting parameter kp)
else if (cmd == "#02")
kd = atof(buf); //executing command 3 (setting parameter kd)
else if (cmd == "#03")
ki = atof(buf); //executing command 4 (setting parameter ki)
}
void SendReply()
{
//This is called from the SerialProc function when the #00 command is received
//After the last parameter (TimeDelay) it sends the carrige return characters via the Serial.println
Serial.println("reply");
}

Mosquitto socket read error Arduino client

I have just downloaded the latest Arduino Library code from Github, and it's broken my MQTT client program. I'm using PubSubClient 1.91 on Arduino, and Mosquitto 1.1.2 (Build 2013-03-07) on Mac OSX. (I also tested against Mosquitto on Windows 7, same problem.)
The supplied Mosquitto clients work fine, (Mac over to Windows, Windows over to Mac) so it's some problem with what's coming from the Arduino end. A wireshark trace shows the Arduino client sending the following data packet:
10:15:ff:ff:4d:51:49:73:64:70:03:02:00:0f:00:07:41:72:64:75:69:6e:6f
And the Mosquitto broker shows:
New connection from 10.0.0.115
Socket read error on client (null), disconnecting.
Before I start to crawl through the MQTT spec, can anyone see anything wrong with the data packet being sent? It's got to be something to do with new Arduino library code...
* Update
Upon further investigation, it appears to be a code generation problem with avr-g++, although life experience tells me it will turn out not to be so. Here is a snippet of code from PubSubClient.cpp
boolean PubSubClient::connect(char *id, char *user, char *pass, char* willTopic, uint8_t willQos, uint8_t willRetain, char* willMessage) {
if (!connected()) {
int result = 0;
if (domain != NULL) {
result = _client->connect(this->domain, this->port);
} else {
result = _client->connect(this->ip, this->port);
}
if (result) {
nextMsgId = 1;
uint8_t d[9] = { 0x00, 0x06, 'M','Q','I','s','d','p',MQTTPROTOCOLVERSION};
// d[0] = 0;
// d[1] = 6;
Serial.print("d[0]="); Serial.println(d[0],HEX);
Now, the result of the Serial.print just above turns out to be 0xFF !!! So, the uint8_t array is not being initialised correctly. #knoleary Your pointer to the bad FF bytes lead me to this.
If I now uncomment the two lines above, and manually initialise the first 2 bytes to 0 and 6, all works fine, and my program communicates happily with Mosquitto.
I've looked at the generated code, but I'm not an Atmel expert.
Does anyone have any clue why this might be?
I'm compiling using the AVR-G++ toolset from Arduino 1.05, in Eclipse.
I'm going for a beer!
OK, I found it. It's a relatively subtle bug. Essentially, when the following line of source code is compiled;
uint8_t d[9] = { 0x00, 0x06, 'M','Q','I','s','d','p',MQTTPROTOCOLVERSION};
the 9 bytes get stored as a constant in the data section of the image. At runtime, a small loop copies the 9 bytes into the array (d[]) By looking at a combined Assembler / source listing, I could see where in the data section the 9 bytes were stored, and then print them out at regular intervals, until I found what was over-writing them. (A bit primitive, I know!)
It turns out the there's a bug in WiFi.cpp , the Arduino WiFi code. Here's the code:
uint8_t WiFiClient::connected() {
if (_sock == 255) {
return 0;
} else {
uint8_t s = status();
return !(s == LISTEN || s == CLOSED || s == FIN_WAIT_1 ||
s == FIN_WAIT_2 || s == TIME_WAIT ||
s == SYN_SENT || s== SYN_RCVD ||
(s == CLOSE_WAIT));
}
}
It turns out the the _sock variable is actually initialised like this:
WiFiClient::WiFiClient() : _sock(MAX_SOCK_NUM) {
}
and MAX_SOCK_NUM is 4, not 255. So, WiFiClient::status returned true, instead of false for an unused Socket.
This method was called by the MQTT Client like this:
boolean PubSubClient::connected() {
boolean rc;
if (_client == NULL ) {
rc = false;
} else {
rc = (int)_client->connected();
if (!rc) _client->stop();
}
return rc;
}
And, since the _client->connected() method erroneously returned true, the _client_stop() method was called. This resulted in a write to a non-existent socket array element, and so overwrote my string data.
#knolleary, I was wondering, is there any specific reason that your PubSubClient::connected() method does a disconnect? I use the ::connected method in a loop, to check that I'm still connected, and, of course it results in my getting a disconnect / reconnect each time round the loop. Any chance we could just make connected return true / false , and handle the disconnect in PuBSubClient::connect?
Nearly one and a half year later I ran into the same problem. Removing the
boolean PubSubClient::connected() {
int rc = (int)_client->connected();
if (!rc) _client->stop();
return rc;
}
the _client->stop() from the connected method of PubSubClient forehand fixed this problem for me. However, I'm not sure whether this is actually a solution or just a very dirty quick hack to localize the problem.
What have you done to fix this problem - your explanation of the problem above is fine however, I was not able to extract the solution easily ;-)

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