What is the difference between Intel, AMD and Khronos OpenCLs. I am totally new to OpenCL and want to start with it. I don't know which one is better to install on my operating system.
OpenCL is an "extension" to C and C++ languages that enables parallelization of software on your compute devices: CPU, GPU, etc.
OpenCL is defined by a standard (created by Khronos Group) and implemented by hardware vendors Intel, AMD, nVidia, etc.. So each OpenCL implementation requires a vendor specific OpenCL driver that will enable the usage of the vendor's hardware.
So to conclude, if you have an Intel based system, use the Intel OpenCL because only so you would be able to use all compute devices in your machine. The same goes if you have an AMD system. Also, take note that there is no Khronos OpenCL implementation.
Of course you can have a platform with OpenCL enabled devices from multiple vendors (e.g. Intel CPU+GPU and nVidia discrete card). In this case the OpenCL runtime contains a generic layer (a dynamic loaded library). This layer is an interface which calls the implementations provided in each device driver depending on the selected OpenCL platform.
OpenCL is a standard defined by Kronos. They distribute header files that you have to give to your compiler. They do not distribute binaries to link against. For that, you must get an ICD (Installable Client Driver), on Windows this is in the form of a DLL file. You will get it from installing one or more of...
Nvidia drivers (if you have an Nvidia GPU)
AMD drivers (if you have an AMD GPU or an AMD CPU)
Intel Drivers (if you have an Intel CPU, also some Intel CPU's have built in GPU's).
Do not worry about compiling against one vendor and it not working on another, OpenCL has been carefully designed to work around this. Compile against any version you have, it will work with any other version that is the same or newer, regardless of who made it.
Be Aware, the AMD OpenCL driver will operate as an OpenCL driver for Intel CPU's. If, for example, you have an AMD GPU and an Intel CPU, and have installed the Intel OpenCL driver and the AMD OpenCL driver, the AMD driver will report that it can provide both a GPU device and a CPU device (your CPU), and the Intel driver will report having a CPU device (also your CPU) and most likely also a GPU device (the GPU that is on the Intel CPU die, for example on an i7-3770, this will be a HD4000). If you blindly ask OpenCL for "All CPU's available" you will get the AMD drivers and the Intel drivers offering you the same CPU. Your code will not run very well in this case.
On Windows it is expected that you will download the header files yourself, and then either create a library from the DLL (MSVC), or link directly against the DLL (Mingw & Clang default behavior).
On Linux, you package manager will likely have a library to link against, consult your distributions documentation regarding this. On Ubuntu and Debian this command will work...
sudo apt-get install ocl-icd-opencl-dev
On Mac, there is nothing to install, and trying to install something will likely damage your system. Just install Xcode, and use the framework "OpenCL".
There are other platforms, for example Android. Some FPGA vendors offer OpenCL libraries. Consult your vendors documentation.
Khronos defines OpenCL standard. Each vendor/ open source will implement that standards.
Khronos defines set of conformance tests which need to pass if a vendor claims that his opencl implementation is as per standard.
Related
It looks like that Intel provides many OpenCL implementations.ArchWiki describes OpenCL implementations. It says that beignet and intel-opencl are deprecated. Then, what is difference between intel-compute-runtime, intel-opencl-runtime, and intel-opencl-sdk?
I want to use OpenCL on my x86 computer.
The following OpenCL runtimes expose your Intel integrated GPU as an OpenCL device to applications in your PC:
Intel compute runtime (aka Neo) is the new open-source OpenCL implementation for Intel GPUs. It supports integrated GPUs from Broadwell and onward.
Beignet is the old open-source OpenCL implementation for Intel integrated GPUs. It supports integrated GPUs since Ivy Bridge. You should use this if you have an older Intel processor.
Intel OpenCL was a proprietary alternative to Beignet for older processors since Ivy Bridge. In my experience Beignet is preferable if you have an older processor.
The Intel OpenCL runtime exposes your CPU as an OpenCL device to applications in your PC.
An OpenCL ICD loader is vendor-independent and allows you to select which OpenCL device to use at runtime. There are several available, but I suggest ocl-icd, since it's open source and typically up-to-date.
For developing your own OpenCL programs you also need the OpenCL headers, which you can download from here or install from the Arch repositories.
The so called SDKs are simply vendor bundles that generally contain: a) an OpenCL runtime to expose the vendor hardware as an OpenCL device; b) an OpenCL ICD loader, so that various processors can be exposed as OpenCL devices; c) the OpenCL headers; d) code samples on how to best use OpenCL on the vendor hardware; and, e) possibly other vendor related stuff.
Some examples of SDKs include:
AMD APP SDK (discontinued).
Intel® SDK for OpenCL™ Applications.
You don't actually need an SDK to develop OpenCL applications, as long as you have an OpenCL runtime, an OpenCL ICD loader and the OpenCL headers. If developed in C/C++, your applications should include the headers and link against an ICD loader (libOpenCL.so).
I have two GPUs installed on my machine. I am working with library which uses OpenCL acceleration that only support one GPU and it is not configurable. I can not tell it which one I want. It seems that this library for some reason chose one of my GPUs that I do not want.
How can I delete/stop/deactivate this GPU from being supported as an OpenCL device?
I want to do this so I get only one supported GPU and the library will be forced to use it.
Note: Any option that contains change or edit the library is available for me.
P.S. I am on Windows 10 with Intel processor and Intel GPU + NVidia GPU
On Windows the OpenCL ICD system uses Registry entries to find all of the installed OpenCL platforms.
Solution: Using RegEdit you can backup and then remove the entry for the GPU you do not want to use. The Registry location is HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Khronos\OpenCL\Vendors.
Reference: https://www.khronos.org/registry/cl/extensions/khr/cl_khr_icd.txt
So, Intel SDK works with intel cpu, gpu, and xeon phi.
AMD SDK works with AMD gpu and cpu.
I would like to develop an application that targets intel cpu and AMD gpu.
Can anyone suggest a development strategy to achieve this?
Thanks.
Edit: I would like to run both cpu and gpu kernels concurrently on the same system.
When you get list of available platforms, in case of Intel CPU/AMD GPU you shall have 2 platforms, each with it's own ID.
Usually, that's it, you create devices an so on, using necessary platform ID in each case.
If you are using Windows, it's not so difficult to see in debugger, that different platforms corresponds to different OpenCL libraries (just go deeper into cl_platform_id structure) - both of dll's are loaded.
Put your OpenCL code (not necessarily the kernel) in a library and create and link the DLL files for the AMD and Intel (and NVIDIA) devices. Create a new program and dynamically load the library based on which platforms the user has installed.
Kind of a pain in the butt but it works in Labview so it should work in other languages.
If you are using Windows, you can use LoadLibrary and put the library in a folder that is in your PATH (Windows Environment Variable) or in the same folder as the .EXE.
I have an Nvidia CUDA support GPU device installed. My requirement is to run an openCL application on my GPU. Can I do it independent from Nvidia Cuda SDK?
You only need NVIDIA GPU drivers installed to run binaries that have OpenCL support. libOpenCL.so is included with the drivers.
In order to compile the applications you will also need OpenCL headers. Those may come from CUDA Toolkit, from a separate package (like opencl-headers for Ubuntu), or you can just download them from the Khronos site (keep in mind that NVIDIA implements version 1.1 of OpenCL specification).
I have seen that AMD APP SDK samples work on a machine having only Intel CPU.
How can this happen? How does the compiler target a different machine architecture?
Do I not need Intel's set of compilers for running the code on the intel CPU?
I think if we have to run an OpenCL application on a specific hardware, I have to (re)compile it using device's vendor specifics compiler.
Where is my understanding wrong?
Firstly, OpenCL is built to work on CPU's and GPU's. You can compile and run the same source code on either type of device. However, its very likely that CPU code will be sub-optimal for a GPU and vice-versa.
AMD H/W is 7% - 14% of total x86/x64 CPU's. So AMD must develop compilers for both AMD and Intel chips to be relevant. AMD have history developing compilers for both sets of chips. Conversely, Intel have developed compilers that either don't work on AMD chips or don't work that well. That's no surprise.
With OpenCL, the AMD APP SDK is the most flexible it will work well on AMD and Intel CPU's and AMD GPUs. Intel's OpenCL SDK doesn't even install on AMD x86 H/W.
If you compile an OpenCL program to binary, you can save and reuse it as long as it matches the OpenCL Platform and Device that created it. So, if you compile for one device and use on another you are very likely to get an error.
The power of OpenCL is abstracting the underlaying hardware and offer massive, parallel and heterogeneous computing power.
Some SDKs and platforms offers some specific features to "optimize" the code, i honestly think that such features are just marketing and they introduce boilerplate code making the application less portable.
There are also some pseudo-new technologies that are just wrappers to OpenCL or they are really similar in the concept like the Intel quick sync.
About Intel i should say that at the first place they were supporting all the iCore generation and even some C2D, now the new SDK only support the 3rd iCore generation, i don't get their strategy honestly, probably Intel is the last option if you want to adopt OpenCL and targeting the biggest possible audience, also their SDK doesn't seems to be really good at all .
Stick with the standard and you will avoid both possible legal and performance issues and your code will also be more portable.
The bottom line is that the AMD SDK includes a compiler for targeting x86 CPUs for OpenCL. That means that even though you are running an Intel CPU the generated code will run on it. It's the same concept as compiling a C program to run on an x86 CPU: it works on Intel and AMD CPUs (or any that implement the x86 instruction set).
The vendor's compiler might have specific optimizations, like user827992 mentions, but in my experience the performance of AMD's CPU compiler isn't that bad when running on an Intel CPU. I haven't tried Intel's OpenCL implementation.
It is true that for some (maybe most in the future) hardware, only the vendor's compiler will support it. AMD's SDK won't build code that will run on an NVIDIA card, and vice-versa. CPUs happen to be a bit of a special case in that the basic instruction set is so widely deployed that the CPU compiler will work on most machines you're likely to come in contact with.