Im new to networking,If I have a window server and in that server I have a normal soho router, will that server assign the ip address to each device? or will that router do it. What I've learned is that the server is suppose to be the DHCP but sometimes if you plug a router directly in the server it kicks the server off and the router starts to assign the ip address. If that is so, how would you fix that?
Most routers will take on the role of a DHCP Server out-of-the-box. That is, they will distribute ip addresses to whatever DHCP Client requests an address.
By default, a Windows server will not have set up a fully configured DHCP Server.
By default a Windows machine (either client or server) and most other networked devices will have set their network interface to be a DHCP Client.
Therefore, by simply plugging in your Windows server to one of your router's LAN ports will make the router set the Windows server's network interface to the next available ip address using DHCP.
If you were to connect more devices to the router's LAN ports it will still be the router that assigns those extra devices an ip address.
Ideally you want only one DHCP server in your network.
Also, if you want your Windows server to always have the same ip address you can do two things:
Log in to the router and set a fixed ip address for your Windows server network card's unique MAC address.
Modify the router's DHCP range (e.g. from .10 to .200) so it leaves some addresses free (e.g. .1 to .9 and from .201 to .254). Then set your Windows server network card's fixed IPV4 address to a fixed address (e.g. .210). You may also need to set a DNS server then.
This is only briefly skimming the subject of IPV4 networks, DHCP and friends so when you have some time try to read the wikipedia pages for them.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPv4
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamic_Host_Configuration_Protocol
Server assigns your public IP address, in fact it assigns your router a public IP address.
While the router assigns each device connected a local IP address.
With respect to your router, the IP address server assigns it is its IPv4 address and the addresses router assigns to its clients are IPv6 address.
When you browse the internet through your router, the router reads your requests and responds according to that IPv6 address and when the router requests something to the server, server sees it as its IPv4 address. :)
Related
Hello Everyone!
I want to know that is there any way to access a photocopier machine which is connected to a computer through Ethernet wire and that computer is connected to my WiFi network?
P.S: What if I don't know the IP assigned to that Photocopier machine?
If the wireless network is part of the wired network you should have any problem reaching the photocopier.
If you don't know the IP address, you can reach it by host name if the DHCP and DNS are working properly. If you are on an Active Directory infrastructure and DHCP and DNS are integrated it should be transparent.
If you are on your home with a "home" router they usually do the hostname to IP resolve (DNS).
You can nslookup hostname in your machine to see if your dns is resolving the ip address. you can also ping hostname or ping ip address to test that you can reach the desired host. Some hosts block ping (ICMP) requests, please note that ping is ping does not respond is not a definitive solution.
Please note that in your home router you should use your router or default gateway to be the DNS also, and then add the google public DNS or your ISP.
Also when connecting the access point to an existing network you may have 2 DHCP servers providing IP addresses to hosts, you should disable DHCP on the Access Point and connect the AP to the network using the switch port and not the WAN port (the WAN port will try to do NAT and assign a different set of IP addresses).
What is a Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol(DHCP) server? and What is the difference between DHCP server and
a Domain Name Server(DNS) server?
DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol)
is for assigning IP addresses (or other network parameters) to devices so they can communicate with each other.
If you for example want to establish a wireless connection, then you need amongst other things request a DHCP server that assigns your device an IP address so you can communicate with other nodes.
DNS (Domain Name System)
is a hierarchical decentralised service which associates informations with domain names.
If you for example want to request google.com you first need to figure out what the corresponding IP address is. Therefore you request a DNS server.
DHCP is a layer 2 network protocol that will offer IP address from its pool to device not connected to the network, but who wanted to. It's used in LAN network.
DNS is like a dictionary. Consider you are trying to go to stackoverflow.com, so your device isn't able to know what's the IP address of stackoverflow.com. He will ask to DNS server to found the IP address for him.
DHCP = IP dynamic allocation
DNS = IP retrieval of an existing and registered device
I am facing a very strange problem. I have a task to establish a TCP connection to a server who has a trusted IP. And I have to run the code in a host with private IP address. The trusted IP is 10.10.10.15, which is also a private IP. And the question arises that the IP address of my host and the trusted IP is not on the same network. To be specific, my IP address is 10.0.35.1/24. Please let me know if there is any solution to this problem
Presumably these subnets, i.e. 10.10.10.0/24 (?) and 10.0.35.0/24, are part of your local network. You will need a Layer 3 device to perform inter-VLAN routing.
This will be a router with Layer 3 VLAN interfaces, in the Cisco world they would be SVIs, that would be acting as the default gateway of the subnets in your network. What happens is all traffic that needs to go between two hosts between different networks, has to go through their default gateway and it will be routed to the destination network/VLAN.
As long as the network devices between the two clients are able to route packets between these networks, the hosts will be able to reach each other. In your code, you simply need to specify that these packets need to go to the private IP address of the other host.
I use a static IP connection, Configured to TPLINK router.
I have a local server running which i can access from my network, but i want it to be accessed outside network.
So I did port forwarding. and its Successfully running.
Now the problem is :: The IP address of my WAN is also a private address like 10.10.X.X, so when am entering http://10.10.X.X, i can access my site, but not outside my network. Please guide me how to fix this?
If your WAN address is a private address, your ISP is using CGN. This is becoming more common since the RIRs have, or soon will, run out of public IP addresses to assign to ISPs. It sounds like your ISP has run out of public addresses and needs to use private addresses for its residential customers, reserving its remaining public addresses for its business customers which are willing to pay for public addresses.
Basically, your ISP is using NAT, too. You would need to have the ISP forward your port on its NAT router, but the odds of that are zero since it probably has a policy you agreed to to not host servers on your residential LAN (buried in the fine print of the ISP agreement). This situation will play out more and more over time.
You have to use the "Virtual Server" settings. Port triggering is used for.
Once the modem router is configured, the operation is as follows: 1. A local host makes an outgoing connection to an external host using a destination port number defined in the Trigger Port field. 2. The modem router records this connection, opens the incoming port or ports associated with this entry in the Port Triggering table, and associates them with the local host. 3. When necessary, the external host will be able to connect to the local host using one of the ports defined in the Incoming Ports field.
It is not used for incoming connections which are triggered from outside!
Of course, to have it working you have to have an application listening on that port not only having the firewall on Windows allowing the port.
After you set up the "Virtual Server" a port scanner should show you the port is open (even without having a running application listening) - it will try to port forward it. I use ShieldsUp for testing.
If I have two internal computers connecting to the same external IP address through a NAT router, how is the router able to get the traffic to the correct internal computer? It is my understanding that NAT forwards incoming packets to the computer that recently sent outgoing packets to the [incoming packet's] sender's IP address. Since both computers are sending to the same address, does the router forward the packet to both? If that is the case, is it the responsibility of the client software to determine which packets are relevant?
Is it possible if both computers are attempting to connect to the same port?
When you open a socket, you need to address a port of the destination system and open a conjugate listening port on your own system to receive any response. You have to send the destination system your listening port.
Having more than one system using the same modem
When you start a web browser, and go to www.google.com:80, your browser obtains/searches for a free non-system conjugate port from the system for listening. Let us say, the conjugate port is 10000. The listener port is for receiving the http stream back from google.
Then your kid sitting next to you incidentally also browses www.google.com:80 and his/her google session of the play station or xbox-whatever also incidentally is assigned conjugate port 10000.
Both of you are sitting behind a cable modem, and behind the cable modem is your wireless router. And both of your systems are behind the wireless router - All sitting in that sequence, network topology-wise.
To prevent port address collision on the router/modem
Let us say that your cable company DHCP assigns your modem ip4 adress 72.72.72.72. But your wireless router DHCP assigns 192.168.0.10 to your system and to 192.168.0.11 to your kid's system.
When the frame carrying the information of your listener ports passes thro your NAT router, it would translate either one or both listening- ports. Let's say port 15000 for your page and port 16000 for your kid's page.
Your wireless router then sends your requests to google server as coming from 72.72.72.72:15000 and 72.72.72.72:16000.
The google server then responds individually to 72.72.72.72:15000 and 72.72.72.72:16000 and when you wireless router encounters the response, it reaches into the mapping that it has stored and translates 72.72.72.72:15000 to 192.168.0.10:10000 to reach your system but translates 72.72.72.72:16000 to 192.168.0.11:10000 to reach your kid's system.
Running web/game/ftp/etc servers
But what if you have a web server or an ftp server running on your system. What if you have two systems and both have a web server and both web servers are listening on port 80?
Let us say the local ip addresses registered/assigned with your wireless router of your first web server system is 192.168.0.30 and your second web server system is 192.168.0.40.
The wireless router would have a configuration web page usually by default 192.168.0.1:80, unless you changed it. There would be a tab to on the page where you could define/reserve application port mappings.
You could register with your wireless router to reserve the mapping
192.168.0.30:80 => outgoing port 8080
192.168.0.40:80 => outgoing port 8088
So that you have to phone your friends your web/game servers are addressable through
72.72.72.72:8080 and 72.72.72.72:8088 respectively,
where the wireless router would preclude its port 8080 and 8088 from its own dynamic NAT usage.
Of course, 72.72.72.72 is as good as only before your ISP DHCP decide to renew the ip4 address of your modem to say, 72.72.90.200. After which you would have to phone/email your friends and say
Hey, the servers' addresses have changed to 72.72.90.200:8080 and 72.72.90.200:8088 respectively. Or you could subscribe to dynamic dns (ddns) service to use a named domain where the ddns service will need you to install a simple heartbeat utility on your system to help them monitor the address variation. DDNS translation is a separate issue/strategy.
NAT modems
Newer ISP contracts supply you with a modem that has NAT. If so, you have to switch off either the one on your modem or the one on your wireless router. You should not use both - what's the point in translating twice because NAT is simply to prevent address collision. When you switch off NAT from your wireless router, it can operate as a hub switch and not a router anymore so that you could connect it to the modem using one of its LAN socket instead of thro its WAN socket.
The router manages "source" ports that are separate for each computer. While you may be connecting to port 80 on the "destination" the router may assign the source port to some high number port.
Wikipedia sums it up as
Network address translation involves
re-writing the source and/or
destination IP addresses and usually
also the TCP/UDP port numbers of IP
packets as they pass through the NAT.
Checksums (both IP and TCP/UDP) must
also be rewritten to take account of
the changes.
Already good answers are provided, but here is another example:
HOST A addr HOST B addr
10.1.0.2:4040 10.1.0.3:4040
-----------------------------------------
NAT 200.50.50.28:4040 200.50.50.28:4041 (what external host sees)
200.50.50.28 is router's global (internet) IP.
Every port number is unique in the NAT table. And of course the router does all the dirty job of modifying the source and destination addresses transparently.
It uses different ports for incoming external traffic, and the NAT then routes the packets on one port to one internal IP address, and the packets from the other port to the other internal IP address... The iniital request from each internal computer, when it goes through the NAT on the way out, establishes which port will be used for the incoming traffic from the external ip address, and it tells the external server what port to send it's traffic back on for that connection.
RFC3022 provides a lot of information on how this works
Since public facing or external IP Address that was given by Internet Service Provider (ISP) has been discussed, I would like to add on this.
You can ask your ISP to have your public IP Address not change. It will become static, so that you do not have to inform your friends to change the IP Address if they want to access your server inside your Network Address Translator (NAT).
As of this writing, static IP Address cost around 100 bucks. Most of the ISP they call it business account.
You can determine your public facing IP Address by googling "what is my ip address".