I am very new to IDL so forgive me if this seems dumb. I am trying to simply read a .tif image and let IDL show the image. My commands were:
IDL> a=read_image('frame_1.tif')
IDL> help, a
then I receive
A BYTE = Array[3, 560, 420]
IDL> plotimage ,bytscl(a)
But after I execute the last command, I receive "Keyword parameters not allowed in call."I don't understand what I did wrong. Any ideas?
Thank you in advance.
I'm not sure what is going on, but one thing that seems to generate that error message is that IDL gets confused between arrays (which can use parens to index) and function calls. Try using strictarr before the call:
compile_opt strictarr
This will mean that you must use square brackets to index arrays and parens for function calls.
Note, that you have to put this into every routine (and at the command line) you are having trouble with.
Related
Now I'm making an endless runner where objects are spawned in front on me randomly.
I was told to make a spawnController and globalController object, so I did. Then this code should be put in the controller under step event
if(tick = 32)
{
tick = 0;
instance_create(room_width,room_height,random(spike,groundBlock));
instance_create(room_width,irandom_range(0,room_height-32));
}
tick += 1;
Is there anything wrong with it because i get an error, which is:
In object spawnController, event Step, action 1 at line 4: Wrong number of arguments to function or script.
instance_create(room_width,irandom_range(0,room_height-32));
The error messages in GM can sometimes be a bit unclear.. But in this case it was pretty clear. It goes about this line. And one of the scripts has too few arguments. Either irandom_range or instance_create you forgot an argument.
irandom_range takes two arguments to make a random number, so that is correct.
instance_create however takes 3 arguments: x,y position and the object from which you wish to create an instance. You're simply missing that argument (and the error tells you that). I think that is a typo as you do it correctly in the creation above.
Manual about instance_create
You have a syntax error here:
instance_create(room_width,irandom_range(0,room_height-32);
There's no closing parentheses or a 3rd argument.
One thing that stood out to me is that you used random instead of choose. Im not sure there is a difference in this situation, but choose allows you to list as many arguments you want.
But the other thing as was pointed out, was that your missing the object you want the 4th life to create. You need to specify what object you want it to make.
instance_create(room_width, irandom_range(0,room_height-32), OBJECT);
Problem
I read in an array of strings from a file.
julia> file = open("word-pairs.txt");
julia> lines = readlines(file);
But Julia doesn't know that they're strings.
julia> typeof(lines)
Array{Any,1}
Question
Can I tell Julia this somehow?
Is it possible to insert type information onto a computed result?
It would be helpful to know the context where this is an issue, because there might be a better way to express what you need - or there could be a subtle bug somewhere.
Can I tell Julia this somehow?
No, because the readlines function explicitly creates an Any array (a = {}): https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/blob/master/base/io.jl#L230
Is it possible to insert type information onto a computed result?
You can convert the array:
r = convert(Array{ASCIIString,1}, w)
Or, create your own readstrings function based on the link above, but using ASCIIString[] for the collection array instead of {}.
Isaiah is right about the limits of readlines. More generally, often you can say
n = length(A)::Int
when generic type inference fails but you can guarantee the type in your particular case.
As of 0.3.4:
julia> typeof(lines)
Array{Union(ASCIIString,UTF8String),1}
I just wanted to warn against:
convert(Array{ASCIIString,1}, lines)
that can fail (for non-ASCII) while I guess, in this case nothing needs to be done, this should work:
convert(Array{UTF8String,1}, lines)
Is there a way to "die" in execution flow in an xquery file and output a nicely formatted printout of a sequence variable?
I'm trying something like:
return { fn:error(xs:QName("ERROR"), $xml) }
but that doesn't quite seem to work.
Thanks!
Based on your comment (you need it for debugging) I guess you are looking for the fn:trace function, described here http://www.xqueryfunctions.com/xq/fn_trace.html
If you want to abort the execution flow and output an error in your application you should in fact use the XQuery exception handling.
Try something like this, omitting the return if this isn't part of a FLWOR expression.
...
return fn:error((), "DEBUG", $xml)
There's no need for curly braces unless you're enclosing an expression, for example <x>{ current-time() }</x>. The return expression is not enclosed.
With MarkLogic it's best to leave the first parameter of fn:error empty. That way you don't have to worry about a QName, and anyway some folks believe that it's reserved for predefined errors. MarkLogic uses the second parameter to fill in error:code, and the third parameter for data.
For more on fn:error, see http://docs.marklogic.com/fn:error and https://github.com/robwhitby/xray/pull/11
I am using the Kernel Density Estimator toolbox form http://www.ics.uci.edu/~ihler/code/kde.html . But I am getting the following error when I try to execute the demo files -
>> demo_kde_3
KDE Example #3 : Product sampling methods (single, anecdotal run)
Attempt to reference field of non-structure array.
Error in double (line 10)
if (npd.N > 0) d = 1; % return 1 if the density exists
Error in repmat (line 49)
nelems = prod(double(siz));
Error in kde (line 39)
if (size(ks,1) == 1) ks = repmat(ks,[size(points,1),1]); end;
Error in demo_kde_3 (line 8)
p = kde([.1,.45,.55,.8],.05); % create a mixture of 4 gaussians for
testing
Can anyone suggest what might be wrong? I am new to Matlab and having a hard time to figure out the problem.
Thank You,
Try changing your current directory away from the #kde folder; you may have to add the #kde folder to your path when you do this. For example run:
cd('c:\');
addpath('full\path\to\the\folder\#kde');
You may also need to add
addpath('full\path\to\the\folder\#kde\examples');
Then see if it works.
It looks like function repmat (a mathworks function) is picking up the #kde class's version of the double function, causing an error. Usually, only objects of the class #kde can invoke that functions which are in the #kde folder.
I rarely use the #folder form of class definitions, so I'm not completely sure of the semantics; I'm curious if this has any effect on the error.
In general, I would not recommend using the #folder class format for any development that you do. The mathworks overhauled their OO paradigm a few versions ago to a much more familiar (and useful) format. Use help classdef to see more. This #kde code seems to predate this upgrade.
MATLAB gives you the code line where the error occurs. As double and repmat belong to MATLAB, the bug probably is in kde.m line 39. Open that file in MATLAB debugger, set a breakpoint on that line (so the execution stops immediately before the execution of that specific line), and then when the code is stopped there, check the situation. Try the entire code line in console (copy-paste or type it, do not single-step, as causing an uncatched error while single-stepping ends the execution of code in debugger), it should give you an error (but doesn't stop execution). Then try pieces of the code of that code line, what works as it should and what not, eg. does the result of size(points, 1) make any sense.
However, debugging unfamiliar code is not an easy task, especially if you're a beginner in MATLAB. But if you learn and understand the essential datatypes of MATLAB (arrays, cell arrays and structs) and the different ways they can be addressed, and apply that knowledge to the situation on the line 39 of kde.m, hopefully you can fix the bug.
Repmat calls double and expects the built-in double to be called.
However I would guess that this is not part of that code:
if (npd.N > 0) d = 1; % return 1 if the density exists
So if all is correct this means that the buil-tin function double has been overloaded, and that this is the reason why the code crashes.
EDIT:
I see that #Pursuit has already addressed the issue but I will leave my answer in place as it describes the method of detection a bit more.
I am a bit of an R novice, and I am stuck with what seems like a simple problem, yet touches pretty deep questions about how and when things get evaluated in R.
I am using Rserve quite a bit; the typical syntax to get things evaluated remotely is a bit of a pain to type repeatedly:
RSeval(connection, quote(try(command)))
So I would like a function r which does the same thing with just the call:
r(command)
My first, naive, bound to fail attempt involved:
r <- function(command) {
RSeval(c, quote(try(command)))
}
You've guessed it: this sends, literally, try(command) to my confused Rserve daemon. I want command to be partially evaluated, if that makes any sense -- i.e. replaced by what I typed as an argument, but without evaluating it locally.
I looked for solutions to this, browsed throught the documentation for quote, substitute, eval, call, etc.. but I was not able to find something that worked. Either command gets evaluated locally, or not at all.
This is not a big problem, I can type the whole damn quote(try()) thing all the time; but at this point I am mostly curious as to how to get this to work!
EDIT:
More explanations as to what I want to do.
In the text above, command is meant to be a call do a function, ideally -- i.e., not a character string. Something like a <- 3 or assign("a", 3) rather than "a<-3" or quote(a<-3).
I believe that this is part of what makes this tricky. It seems really hard to tell R not to evaluate this locally, but only send it literally. Basically I would like my function to be a bit like quote(), which does not evaluate its argument.
Some explanation about my intentions. I wish to use Rserve frequently to pass commands to a remote R daemon. The commands would be my own (or my colleagues) and the daemon protected by firewall and authentication (and would not be run as root) -- so there is no worry of malicious commands being passed.
To be perfectly honest, this is not a big issue, and I would be pretty happy to always use the RSeval(c, quote(try())). At this point I see this more like an interesting inquiry into the subleties of R :-)
You probably want to use the substitute command, it can give you the argument unevaluated that you can build into the call.
I'm not sure if I understood you correctly - would eval(parse(text = command)) do the trick? Notice that command is a character, so you can easily pass it as a function argument. If I'm getting the point...
Anyway, evaluating user-specified commands is potentially malicious, therefore not recommended. You should either install AppArmor and tweak it (which is not an easy one), or drop the whole evaluation thing...