I'd either like to export to file or play live sound frequencies. How?
The equivalent in C#
Console.Beep(1, 1);n//Beep 1Hz for 1ms
The Ada standard does not include a sound API, but there are libraries which can help you. Those that I know of:
ALSA binding - records and plays back sound on a Linux system
libao binding - sound library for ESD, OSS, Solaris, and IRIX.
If you really just need a plain beep on the console, this should work on all ANSI compatible consoles:
with Ada.Characters.Latin_1,
Ada.Text_IO;
procedure Beep is
begin
Ada.Text_IO.Put (Ada.Characters.Latin_1.BEL);
end Beep;
Related
I'm experimenting with Ghidra and decompiling code intended for the MSP430 FR4133 Launchpad. I'm not sure if it's supported but Ghidra appeared to support MSP430 devices.
For a simple test, I'm using the example code at this link for the MSP EXP430FR4133 Launchpad.
This link contains a simple source program in this directory
MSP-EXP430FR4133_Software_Examples_windows\Firmware\Source\OutOfBox_MSP430FR4133. It's a simple program with a stop watch and temperature sensor.
I decided to load the binary that's also there in the Binary folder.
Then I selected TI MSP430 16-bit and let Ghidra do the analysis. The problem is that the decompiler doesn't provide any functions. I'm wondering if I've selected the wrong architecture or option?
UPDATE 1
I'm posting two extra images which show two functions but there's nothing of any significance.
You are not decompiling a raw binary, but a text file.
If you look at the Readme, it indicates that this is a pre-built TI-TXT image.
Basically, it contains small chunks of data encoded in hexadecimal, prefixed with the load address. See the format definition here.
Ghidra supports similar formats (Intel HEX or Motorola S-Records), but not TI-TXT. I didn't find a tool to convert it to a supported format, but this could probably be done with a small script.
Problem Solved!!! See below for solution
I was about to post this question and decided to check the web one more time. This site https://www.freepascal.org/docs-html/prog/progsu40.html
has this statement: The {$I filename} or {$INCLUDE filename} directive tells the compiler to read further statements from the file filename. The statements read there will be inserted as if they occurred in the current file.
This is exactly what I want to do with Arduino. How do I do it?
My Skill Set:
Writing code since 1967. Yes, I survived Y2K, which was a real thing; so I'm not new to programming/debugging. Mainframes and PC's. Very solid COBOL and SAS skills. Good skills with Borland/Lazarus Object Pascal. Weak C/C++ skills.
Background:
I have two working Arduino programs that are used on a model railroad. Prog1 uses infrared sensors to light LEDs that indicate the position of a train in a tunnel. I built the IRSensor class to handle a single sensor. Prog2 uses push-buttons to set a route through several track switches. Each track switch is set via a servo. I extended the Servo class to TOServo, which encapsulate most of the commonality in each track switch.
Now I'm working on a different model railroad and need merge Prog1 and Prog2 into a single program. Building Prog3 via copy/paste from programs 1 & 2 has proved unwieldy.
Problem:
How do I tell the Arduino pre-processor/compiler to "insert filename here; do not compile, pre-compile, or otherwise process the filename unless it is wrapped around the file asking for the insertion"?
What I've tried:
I built Prog3 by separating the code for Prog2 into 3 sections -- Main program storage & code and 2 include statements (Storage definitions and executable code for TOServo). These include statements pull in code that define or access an array of TOServo. I've used several suffixes (.h/.ino and .h/.cpp and .c/.c), and they all generate 'not declared in this scope' errors.
Finally:
Thanks for your help.
SOLUTION
My .ino file had grown large & unwieldy. The 'solution' was to move a large segment of code and matching declarations to external .h/.cpp files, and to access those files via #include statements. The program would not compile (undefined variables); they were, in fact, defined but the compiler couldn't find them. After many attempts to fix or rearrange the code, finally two things dawned on me.
1)The Arduino pre-compiler changes (rearranges?) my code so that C++ and the Arduino CPU can work together. This means that the code I see is not always the code the compiler sees.
2)My .h/.cpp files define and manage an array of servo objects. I could convert those files into an object that I access from the main .ino file.
So I've solved my problem. Thanks to all those who have posted in many forums/sites, especially to Tarick Welling who stayed with me to the end.
I can't find anything on Google for some tool that encrypts/obfuscates my lua files, so I decided to ask here. Maybe some professional knows how to do it? (For free).
I have made a simple game in lua now and I don't want people to see the code, otherwise they can easily cheat. How can I make the whole text inside the .lua file to just random letters and stuff?
I used to program in C# and I had this .NET obfuscator called SmartAssembly which works pretty good. When someone would try check the code of my applications it would just be a bunch of letters and numbers together with chinese characters and stuff.
Anyone knows any program that can do this for lua aswell? Just load what file to encrypt, click Encrypt or soemthing, and bam! It works!?
For example this:
print('Hello world!')
would turn into something like
sdf9sd###&/sdfsdd9fd0f0fsf/&
Just precompile your files (chunks) and load binary chunks. luacallows you to strip debugging info. If that is not enough, define your own transformations on the compiled lua, stripping names where possible. There's not really so much demand for lua obfuscators though...
Also, you loose one of the main advantages of using an embedded scripting language: Extensibility.
The simplest obfuscation option is to compile your Lua code as others suggested, however it has two major issues: (1) the strings are still likely to be easily visible in your compiled code, and (2) the compiled code for Lua interpreter is not portable, so if you target different architectures, you need to have different compiled chunks for them.
The first issue can be addressed by using a pre-processor that (for example) converts your strings to a sequence of numbers and then concatenates them back at run-time.
The second issue is not easily addressed without changes to the interpreter, but if you have a choice of interpreters, then LuaJIT generates portable bytecode that will run across all its platforms (running the same version of LuaJIT); note that LuaJIT bytecode is different from Lua bytecode, so it can't be run by a Lua interpreter.
A more complex option would be to encrypt the code (possibly before compiling it), but you need to weight any additional mechanisms (and work on your part) against any possible inconvenience for your users and any loss you have from someone cracking the protection. I'd personally use something sufficiently simple to deter the majority of curious users as you likely stand no chance against a dedicated hacker anyway.
You could use loadstring to get a chunk then string.dump and then apply some transformations like cycling the bytes, swapping segments, etc. Transformations must be reversible. Then save to a file.
Note that anyone having access to your "encryptor" Lua module will know how to decrypt your file. If you make your encrypted module in C/C++, anyone with access to source will too, or to binary of Lua encryption module they could require the module too and unofuscate the code. With interpreted language it is quite difficult to do: you can raise the bar a bit via the above the techniques but raising it to require a significant amount of work (the onlybreal deterent) is very difficult AFAIK.
If you embed the Lua interpreter than you can do this from C, this makes it significantly harder (assuming a Release build with all symbols stripped), person would have to be comfortable with stepping through assembly but it only takes one capable person to crack the algorithm then they can make the code available to others.
Yo still interested in doing this? :)
I thought I'd add some example code, since the answers here were helpful, but didn't get us all the way there. We wanted to save some lua table information, and just not make it super easy for someone to inject their own code. serialize your table, and then use load(str) to make it into a loadable lua chunk, and save with string.dump. With the 'true' parameter, debug information is stripped, and there's really not much there. Yes you can see string keys, but it's much better than just saving the naked serialized lua table.
function tftp.SaveToMSI( tbl, msiPath )
assert(type(tbl) == "table")
assert(type(msiPath) == "string")
local localName = _GetFileNameFromPath( msiPath )
local file,err = io.open(localName, "wb")
assert(file, err)
-- convert the table into a string
local str = serializer.Serialize( tbl )
-- create a lua chunk from the string. this allows some amount of
-- obfuscation, because it looks like gobblygook in a text editor
local chunk = string.dump(load(str), true)
file:write(chunk)
file:close()
-- send from /usr to the MSI folder
local sendResult = tftp.SendFile( localName, msiPath )
-- remove from the /usr folder
os.remove(localName)
return sendResult
end
The output from one small table looks like this in Notepad++ :
LuaS У
Vx#w( # АKА└АJБ┴ JА #
& А & name
Coulombmetervalue? С╘ ажў
Can someone please explain to me the basic flow of how this is done.
So currently I a USB pic programmer and also a multi pic adapter. I understand that I can use this to write my program to the PIC. But Im not sure what happens before that, like how do I actually test it with LED or some input sensor etc that gives out analog data?
This is what I have now: http://www.piccircuit.com/shop/pic-programmer/26-ica01-usb-pic-programmer-set.html
So I need to connect this to to a breadboard? And if so how? Im completely lost!! This is the first time that I attempt to do this. What I have done is use my Synapse RF Engine EK2100 to build what I want.
Now what...?
I'm not entirely sure what you're trying to accomplish but what you purchased is a programmer for PIC microcontrollers. After you have written some code whether in assembly or C and compiled it to a hex file, this device will put that code onto a PIC microcontroller that you buy separately. Have you purchased a PIC device to program or do you just have the programmer and the EK2100 kit? If you provide some more detail we can point you in the right direction.
Write a basic 'flash LED' program and then wire-up the PIC to see if it works.
Hot tip - use the internal oscillator to minimise the external component count (makes things simpler). Browse around a PIC savvy site like http://digital-diy.com/ to get lots of interesting ideas and code samples.
The community there mostly use PIC Basic type languages (such as Swordfish) that will land you code that looks something like this (header/setup removed for ease of explanation):
While True
High(LED)
DelaymS(500)
Low(LED)
DelaymS(500)
Wend
I have to implement AEC in Flex video conferencing application. I know that it can not be done directly in Flash. I'm thinking to write a native application or library that will do AEC outside Flex.
As far I know Adobe Connect Pro is using some external library that do AEC. I'd like to follow this direction and do something similiar.
There comes two possibilities in my mind:
1) Independend custom AEC filter.
The custom AEC filter will be run in the background and will be processing all data from microphone and sound card and doing AEC. The echo signal will be the data that is to be played but delayed in a temporary buffer, something like this: aec(input, delayed_input, output).
I don't know if it work, because Flash microphone input doesn't know about my custom input and the same with the speakers. But how it is done in WinXP/Vista that have AEC at the system level?
2) AEC filter interacting with Flex's NativeProcess.
The filter will be run by NativeProcess. Flex app will pass microphone sound, received remote voice to the filter and return voice with echo removed and then Flex will output this to the speakers. Will it be correct?
If the 2) method is OK then I have following questions:
I will start with Speex's AEC so in what format should be the data pased from Flex? If I choose Flex Speex codec for sound compression can I pass it directly to the speex library?
Will be the performance OK? Calling NativeProcess library every sound frame buffer can be time consuming I think.
Why there is no AEC implementation in AS3 that can be used directly from Flash? As far I know to do AEC you must have echo data and microphone data (in Flash 10 there is direct access to the microphone). There is definetly something that is stopping doing it like this but I don't know what it is yet :)
Is there some free AEC implementation or a DSP library with in except Speex's that I can use?
PS I'm now a Flash/Flex expert so sorry for some stupid questions :)
Thank in advance for help,
ternyk
Good news - it's built into Flash Player 10.3 now :) Read the release notes and make sure to compile against Flex 4.5 SDK
In Java AEC is Possible and you can access java functionalities in AIR using Merpi.
May be you should try this.
Thanks