How to: change x-axis values in R? - r

I have a plot with two y-axes and the corresponding x values run from 1 to 18, in steps of 1.
I want to change the x-axis with a scale ranging from 2 to 16 with steps of 1. When I'm trying to alter the scale, the right end of x-scale is empty after 16, as R automatically replaces the old values with the new ones and leaves the empty spaces at the right end open.
par(mar=c(5, 4, 4, 6) + 0.1)
plot(section, c, pch=16, axes=FALSE, ylim=c(-22,-18), xlab=" ", ylab=" ", type="b", col="black", main="BG")
axis(2, ylim=c(-22,-18), col="black", las=1)
mtext(expression(paste(delta^{13}, "C (‰)")),side=2, line=2.5)
box()
par(new=TRUE)
plot(section, n, pch=15, xlab=" ", ylab=" ", ylim=c(10,13), axes=FALSE, type="b", col="red")
axis(4, ylim=c(10,13), col="red", col.axis="red", las=1)
mtext(expression(paste(delta^{15}, "N (‰)")), side=4, col="red", line=4)
axis(1, at=floor(seq(from=2.5, to=15.5, length.out=13)))
axis(1, pretty(range(section), 18))
These last two don't give me the result I'm looking for(can't post my image?).
Any ideas on how to fix this? I would very much appreciate it.

I think you are looking for the xlim parameter.

Related

R - Dual y axis chart : align 0 and adjust scales

I used plot.new to combine two different graphs on R with this code:
par(mar=c(4, 4, 3, 5))
plot(d1, col="grey", yaxt="n", xlab="", ylab = "", ylim(0, 1.5), type = "h", fill ="grey")
axis(4, at=seq(0,1.5, by=0.05), col="grey", col.axis="grey")
mtext("Fn_1", side=4, line=2.5, col="grey")
mtext("Sqrt Insolation", side=1, line=2.5, col="black")
par(new=TRUE)
plot(h, axes=FALSE, type = "l", xlab = "", ylab="")
axis(2, ylim=c(-0.10, 0.1), at=seq(-0.10, 0.1, by=0.05), col="black", col.axis="black") mtext("Fn_2", side=2, line=2.5, col="black")
This is my result
https://i.stack.imgur.com/umCWu.png
I want to have a y axis like ylim = c (-0.10,1.5) and adjust the scale (h curb is way too big with this scale ..)
OR two y axes like here, but align on 0 with the same scale.
I tried to change the criteria of my axes but they seem to adjust automatically to make sense with the minimum and maximum of my data. I want to have one y axis as ylim = c(-0.10,1.5) and adjust scale (h courb is way too large with this actual scale..)
Can someone help me ?
Thank you very much

R - Plot interpolated values a different colour in time series plot?

Can someone help me. I have a dataset that had NA values that I have interpolated with zoo. I have added a 'colour column' in the hope that I could create a line plot (time series) with the interpolated values plotted in a different colour to the rest of the line. That is, the segment of the line defined by the point immediately before and immediately after the interpolated point should be red, and not black.
I've attached an example of my table here (where the colour is 'red' defines the values that have been interpolated). I've also put an image of the graph so far and the desired output here too:
https://drive.google.com/folderview?id=0B_eJi0urUAzFM0JBS1ZIbUdGck0&usp=drive_web
This is my code thus far. The 'lines' part of the code is where I hoped to define the colour as the column in the data frame:
par(mfrow=c(2,1), mar=c(4,4.5,2,2), mgp=c(2,0.6,0))
x.limit <- round(range(UN.GRACE.Int$DecimDate), 2)
plot(NULL, type="n", xlim=x.limit, ylim=c(-20, 25), xlab="Year", ylab="GRACE-TWS (cm)", axes=F)
box(lwd=1.5)
abline(h=0, col="gray50", lty=1)
axis(1, seq(2003, 2012, 1), cex.axis=0.8)
axis(2, seq(-20, 25, 5), las=1, cex.axis=0.8)
minor.tick(nx=4, ny=0, tick.ratio=0.5)
lines(UN.GRACE.Int[,2] ~ UN.GRACE.Int[,1], type="l", lwd=3, col=UN.GRACE.Int[,3])
tws.slope <- round(as.vector(coef(lm(UN.GRACE.Int[,2] ~ UN.GRACE.Int[,1]))[2]), 2)
tws.sdev <- round(as.vector(coef(summary(lm(UN.GRACE.Int[,2] ~ UN.GRACE.Int[,1])))[, "Std. Error"][2]), 2)
abline(lm(UN.GRACE.Int[,2] ~ UN.GRACE.Int[,1]), lwd=2.5, lty=2, col=2)
mtext(paste("Trend (cm/year): ", tws.slope, "±", tws.sdev, sep=""), cex=0.8, side=1, line=-1.1)
Any help would be appreciated - Thanks
If I understand this correctly, you want the interpolated points to show up with a different color. You can accomplish this using the type="o" option in R, which gives over-plotted lines. Here's some adjusted code that produces the following plot. I took the minor.tick command out because it must have been from a package I don't have, but otherwise it works fine (using R 2.15.3 on my local machine).
You'll notice that I just plot the item directly, rather than calling plot to NULL and then adding in lines. This simplifies the code substantially. You can play with the pch parameter in the plot call to change the symbols used, and also alter the lwd parameters as needed. In fact, you could easily give a different value to pch for the interpolated values, like you did color - it accepts a vector as an argument.
par(mar=c(4,4.5,2,2), mgp=c(2,0.6,0))
x.limit <- round(range(UN.GRACE.Int$DecimDate), 2)
plot(UN.GRACE.Int[,2] ~ UN.GRACE.Int[,1],
type="o",
pch=18,
col=UN.GRACE.Int[,3],
xlim=x.limit,
ylim=c(-20, 25),
xlab="Year",
ylab="GRACE-TWS (cm)",
axes=F)
box(lwd=1.5)
abline(h=0, col="gray50", lty=1)
axis(1, seq(2003, 2012, 1), cex.axis=0.8)
axis(2, seq(-20, 25, 5), las=1, cex.axis=0.8)
tws.slope <- round(as.vector(coef(lm(UN.GRACE.Int[,2] ~ UN.GRACE.Int[,1]))[2]), 2)
tws.sdev <- round(as.vector(coef(summary(lm(UN.GRACE.Int[,2] ~ UN.GRACE.Int[,1])))[, "Std. Error"][1]), 2)
abline(lm(UN.GRACE.Int[,2] ~ UN.GRACE.Int[,1]), lwd=2.5, lty=2, col=2)
mtext(paste("Trend (cm/year): ", tws.slope, "±", tws.sdev, sep=""), cex=0.8, side=1, line=-1.1)
You could also add the points later if you JUST want to see the points where the data was interpolated. This could be done as follows:
par(mar=c(4,4.5,2,2), mgp=c(2,0.6,0))
x.limit <- round(range(UN.GRACE.Int$DecimDate), 2)
plot(UN.GRACE.Int[,2] ~ UN.GRACE.Int[,1],
type="l",
pch=18,
col="black",
xlim=x.limit,
ylim=c(-20, 25),
xlab="Year",
ylab="GRACE-TWS (cm)",
axes=F)
box(lwd=1.5)
abline(h=0, col="gray50", lty=1)
axis(1, seq(2003, 2012, 1), cex.axis=0.8)
axis(2, seq(-20, 25, 5), las=1, cex.axis=0.8)
tws.slope <- round(as.vector(coef(lm(UN.GRACE.Int[,2] ~ UN.GRACE.Int[,1]))[2]), 2)
tws.sdev <- round(as.vector(coef(summary(lm(UN.GRACE.Int[,2] ~ UN.GRACE.Int[,1])))[, "Std. Error"][3]), 2)
abline(lm(UN.GRACE.Int[,2] ~ UN.GRACE.Int[,1]), lwd=2.5, lty=2, col=2)
mtext(paste("Trend (cm/year): ", tws.slope, "±", tws.sdev, sep=""), cex=0.8, side=1, line=-1.1)
points(x=UN.GRACE.Int[UN.GRACE.Int$Col.CSR=="red",1],
y=UN.GRACE.Int[UN.GRACE.Int$Col.CSR=="red",2],
pch=16,
col="red")
EDITED TO ADD: This is a way to color the line segments themselves by overplotting the original plot, assuming the distance to be colored is always of length one. It uses a quick'n'dirty for() loop, but it could be made into a function if you wanted.
par(mar=c(4,4.5,2,2), mgp=c(2,0.6,0))
x.limit <- round(range(UN.GRACE.Int$DecimDate), 2)
plot(UN.GRACE.Int[,2] ~ UN.GRACE.Int[,1],
type="l",
pch=18,
col="black",
xlim=x.limit,
ylim=c(-20, 25),
xlab="Year",
ylab="GRACE-TWS (cm)",
axes=F)
box(lwd=1.5)
abline(h=0, col="gray50", lty=1)
axis(1, seq(2003, 2012, 1), cex.axis=0.8)
axis(2, seq(-20, 25, 5), las=1, cex.axis=0.8)
tws.slope <- round(as.vector(coef(lm(UN.GRACE.Int[,2] ~ UN.GRACE.Int[,1]))[2]), 2)
tws.sdev <- round(as.vector(coef(summary(lm(UN.GRACE.Int[,2] ~ UN.GRACE.Int[,1])))[, "Std. Error"][5]), 2)
abline(lm(UN.GRACE.Int[,2] ~ UN.GRACE.Int[,1]), lwd=2.5, lty=2, col=2)
mtext(paste("Trend (cm/year): ", tws.slope, "±", tws.sdev, sep=""), cex=0.8, side=1, line=-1.1)
line_segs <- cbind(lstart=UN.GRACE.Int[which(UN.GRACE.Int$Col.CSR=="red")-1,c("DecimDate","CSR")],
lend=UN.GRACE.Int[which(UN.GRACE.Int$Col.CSR=="red")+1,c("DecimDate","CSR")])
for(x in 1:nrow(line_segs)) {
lines(x=c(line_segs[x,1],line_segs[x,3]),
y=c(line_segs[x,2],line_segs[x,4]),
lwd=3,
col="red")
}

How to avoid wired ylab error when plotting in R

I need a two y-axes figure. hrbrmstr suggested to use simple plots. But when adapting the graph to my setting I observed I cannot add the ylab on the right hand side, getting a wired error:
Error in axis(4, ylim = c(0, 1), col = "black", col.axis = "black", las = 1, :
'labels' is supplied and not 'at'
Is this avoidable?
look at the code the bottom line fpr SOURCE OF ERROR
featPerf <- data.frame( expS=c("1", "2", "3", "4"),
exp1=c(1000, 0, 0, 0),
exp2=c(1000, 5000, 0, 0),
exp3=c(1000, 5000, 10000, 0),
exp4=c(1000, 5000, 10000,20000),
accuracy=c(0.4, 0.5, 0.65, 0.9) )
# make room for both axes ; adjust as necessary
par(mar=c(5, 5, 5, 7) + 0.2)
# plot the bars first with no annotations and specify limits for y
#barplot(as.matrix(featPerf[,2:5]), axes=FALSE, xlab="", ylab="", ylim=c(0, max(colSums(featPerf[2:5]))))
barplot(as.matrix(featPerf[,2:5]), axes=FALSE, xlab="", ylab="", beside=TRUE)
# make the bounding box (or not...it might not make sense for your plot)
#box()
# now make the left axis
axis(2, ylim=c(0, max(colSums(featPerf[2:5]))), col="black", las=1)
# start a new plot
par(new=TRUE)
# plot the line; adjust lwd as necessary
plot(x=1:4, y=featPerf[,6], xlab="Experiments", ylab="Abs. # of Features", axes=FALSE, type="l", ylim=c(0,1), lwd=5)
# annotate the second axis -- SOURCE OF ERROR -> VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV
axis(4, ylim=c(0,1), col="black", col.axis="black", las=1, labels="Accuracy")
Like this?
par(mar=c(4,4,1,4) + 0.2)
barplot(as.matrix(featPerf[,2:5]), axes=FALSE, xlab="", ylab="", beside=TRUE)
axis(2, ylim=c(0, max(colSums(featPerf[2:5]))), col="black", las=1)
par(new=TRUE)
plot(x=1:4, y=featPerf[,6], xlab="Experiments", ylab="Abs. # of Features", axes=FALSE, type="l", ylim=c(0,1), lwd=5, col="blue")
axis(4, ylim=c(0,1), col="blue", col.axis="blue", las=1)
mtext("Accuracy",4,line=2, col="blue")
For the record, it is never a good idea to stack plots on top of each other this way (with two axes). I've made the line and the axis the same color in an attempt to draw attention to what you are doing, but this is still a very bad idea.
First of all it is not advisable to use two Y-axes in a same plot.
If you add at argument to the axis call, you get the name "Accuracy" on the right hand side of the plot.
axis(4, ylim=c(0,1), col="black", col.axis="black", las=1, labels="Accuracy",
at = .5)

Two x-axis scales on one R plot

I am trying to create a plot that shows two different time scales on the x-axis. The problem is that the two time scales have a complicated relationship.
I would like to show weather data by the day of year and by the thermal units. Thermal units are the accumulation of the mean temperatures of each day. Some days we get a lot of thermal units, some days not so many. I fit a spline to the relationship between day of year and thermal units and used that to predict thermal unit values for each day. So I do have a nice dataset with the following headers: day of year (day), thermal units (gdd), temperature (temp), precipitation (precip).
I created the following figure (may have to open in new window):
with this code:
pdf(file="Climate 2010.pdf", family="Times")
par(mar = c(5,4,4,4) + 0.3)
plot(cobs10$day, cobs10$precip, col="white", type="h", yaxt="n", xaxt="n", ylab="",
xlab="")
axis(side=3, col="black", labels=FALSE)
at = axTicks(3)
mtext(side = 3, text = at, at = at, col="black", line = 1, las=0)
mtext("Day of Year", side=3, las=0, line = 3)
par(new=TRUE)
plot(cobs10$gdd, cobs10$temp, type="l", col="red", yaxt="n", ylab="", xlab="Thermal
Units")
axis(side=2, col='red', labels=FALSE)
at= axTicks(2)
mtext(side=2, text= at, at = at, col = "red", line = 1, las=0)
mtext("Temperature (C)", side=2, las=0, line=3)
par(new=TRUE)
plot(cobs10$gdd, cobs10$precip, type="h", col="blue", yaxt="n", xaxt="n", ylab="",
xlab="")
axis(side=4, col='blue', labels=FALSE)
at = axTicks(4)
mtext(side = 4, text = at, at = at, col = "blue", line = 1,las=0)
mtext("Precipitation (cm)", side=4, las=0, line = 3)
dev.off()
This is exactly what I want, but I realized the x-axis scales are linear here, and they should not be. I put the top x-axis in by making my precipitation data white and writing over it. See what happens when I make it green:
It's obvious things don't match up. So how can I make the two axes in scale with eachother?
Here's the little dataframe I have been using where the time units are matched up by predicting:
cobs10.txt. "gdd" is thermal units
EDIT: Here is some new code that doesn't use par(new=TRUE):
par(mar = c(5,4,4,4) + 0.3)
plot(cobs10$gdd, cobs10$temp, type="l", col="red", yaxt="n", xlab="", ylab="",
ylim=c(-25, 30))
lines(cobs10$gdd, cobs10$precip, type="h", col="blue", yaxt="n", xlab="", ylab="")
axis(side=3, col="black", at=cobs10$gdd, labels=cobs10$day)
want<-(c(1, 130, 150, 170, 190, 210, 230, 250, 270, 360))
mtext(side = 3, text = want, at = want, col="black", line = 1, las=0)
mtext("Day of Year", side=3, las=0, line = 3)
axis(side=2, col='red', labels=FALSE)
at= axTicks(2)
mtext(side=2, text= at, at = at, col = "red", line = 1, las=0)
mtext("Temperature (C)", side=2, las=0, line=3)
axis(side=4, col='blue', labels=FALSE)
at = axTicks(4)
mtext(side = 4, text = at, at = at, col = "blue", line = 1,las=0)
mtext("Precipitation (cm)", side=4, las=0, line = 3)
It is almost never a good idea to use par(new=TRUE), it causes more problems than it solves.
You should decide which x axis units you want to use, days or thermal units and create the initial graph using that unit, then use functions like points or lines to add any additional points or lines to the existing graph using the existing units. You can then use the axis function to add another axis, use the original units for the at argument, but then the conversion to the other units for the labels (you need to decide if you want the locations of the ticks to match the original units, or be in locations that give pretty values for the converted units).

all x axis labels are not displaying in 45 degree

I'm having the code as like below. But I'm not getting all the x axis labels and it is not displaying in 45 degree when I try to have this in pdf. Since I'm new, Please help me correct this option.
pdf(file="figure.pdf", height=3.5, width=5, onefile=TRUE)
Runtime <- c(579,0,581,610,830,828,592,651,596,596,591,581,587,594,604,606,447,434,445)
Runtime
g_range <- range(0,Runtime)
g_range
plot(Runtime, type="o", col="blue", ylim=g_range,axes=FALSE, ann=FALSE)
lab=c('2011-07-20','2011-08-03','2011-08-10','2011-08-17','2011-08-24','2011-08-25','2011-08-27','2011-08-31','2011-09-07','2011-09-10','2011-09-14','2011-09-21','2011-09-28','2011-10-05','2011-10-06','2011-10-07','2011-10-13','2011-10-19','2011-10-31')
box()
lab
axis(1, at=1:19, lab=F)
text(axTicks(1), par("usr")[3] - 2, srt=45, adj=1, labels=lab, xpd=T, cex=0.8)
axis(2, las=1, at=500*0:g_range[2])
title(main="Runtime", col.main="red", font.main=4)
title(xlab="Build", col.lab=rgb(0,0.5,0))
title(ylab="MS", col.lab=rgb(0,0.5,0))
legend(1, g_range[2], c("AveElapsedTime"), cex=0.8, col=c("blue"), pch=21, lty=1);
dev.off()
When I run your code, I do not get the image you show. The problem is this line:
text(axTicks(1), par("usr")[3] - 2, srt=45, adj=1, labels=lab, xpd=T, cex=0.8)
as axTicks(1) returns:
> axTicks(1)
[1] 5 10 15
So what is happening is that your 19 labels are being plotted at those 3 locations.
If you want to plot at the locations of the ticks (1:19) then:
text(1:19, par("usr")[3] - 2, srt=45, adj=1, labels=lab, xpd=T, cex=0.8)
will work.
Here is a full example based on your code.
Runtime <- c(579,0,581,610,830,828,592,651,596,596,591,581,587,
594,604,606,447,434,445)
g_range <- range(0,Runtime)
lab <- c('2011-07-20','2011-08-03','2011-08-10','2011-08-17','2011-08-24',
'2011-08-25','2011-08-27','2011-08-31','2011-09-07','2011-09-10',
'2011-09-14','2011-09-21','2011-09-28','2011-10-05','2011-10-06',
'2011-10-07','2011-10-13','2011-10-19','2011-10-31')
## plot
op <- par(mar = c(6,4,4,2) + 0.1) ## bigger bottom margin
plot(Runtime, type="o", col="blue", ylim=g_range, axes=FALSE, ann=FALSE)
box()
axis(1, at=1:19, lab=FALSE)
text(1:19, par("usr")[3] - 40, srt=45, adj=1.2, labels=lab, xpd=T, cex=0.7)
axis(2, las=1, at=500*0:g_range[2])
title(main="Runtime", col.main="red", font.main=4)
title(xlab="Build", col.lab=rgb(0,0.5,0), line = 4.5)
title(ylab="MS", col.lab=rgb(0,0.5,0))
legend("topright", c("AveElapsedTime"), cex=0.8, col=c("blue"), pch=21, lty=1)
## reset par
par(op)
This might be better handled using function in the gridBase package though, which allows grid and base graphics to intermingle. The reason I say it might be better is that you can specify that the y coordinate be set in terms of numbers of lines rather that trying to work out a suitable value for y in terms of the plotted data.
Here is an example:
## load gridBase
require(gridBase)
## do the base plot parts
op <- par(mar = c(6,4,4,2) + 0.1) ## bigger bottom margin
plot(1:19, Runtime, type="o", col="blue", ylim=g_range, axes=FALSE, ann=FALSE)
box()
axis(1, at=1:19, lab=FALSE)
axis(2, las=1, at=500*0:g_range[2])
title(main="Runtime", col.main="red", font.main=4)
title(xlab="Build", col.lab=rgb(0,0.5,0), line = 4.5)
title(ylab="MS", col.lab=rgb(0,0.5,0))
legend("topright", c("AveElapsedTime"), cex=0.8, col=c("blue"), pch=21, lty=1)
## at this point, DO NOT alter the dimensions of the plotting window
## now do the grid business
vps <- baseViewports()
pushViewport(vps$inner, vps$figure, vps$plot)
## this adds the text
grid.text(lab, x = unit(1:19, "native"), y = unit(-1, "lines"),
just = "right", rot = 60, gp = gpar(cex = 0.7))
## this finishes off the viewport - you have to do this or things will go wrong:
popViewport(3)
## reset par
par(op)
Note this can be a bit picky on screen, rerunning the gridBase example on my R 2.13.2 install doesn't produce any labels. Closing the device and then running the code afresh works though. I don't think this should be a problem if you are drawing to a pdf() device.

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