I am using an Arduino board to read out the value of a soft potmeter. (a strip that detects touch). This works perfectly fine as long as the strip is being touched (a resistance is added to the current).
When the strip is not touched, a completely random floating number is read by the analog pin. Forums mention that you have to add a pullup/pulldown resistor to cancel this effect, but this does not seem te be working. What is wrong with this code?
int potPin = 2;
int curval = 0;
// detect potmeter value
void setup() {
//enable pullup resistor, but still results in erratic output
//when potmeter is not touched
digitalWrite(potPin, HIGH);
//write to serial
Serial.begin(9600);
}
void loop() {
curval = analogRead(potPin);
// this works when the potmeter is being pressed (displays 0 to 1024)
Serial.println(curval);
delay(150);
}
Change
int potPin = 2;
to
int potPin = A2;
Your original use of "2" in both places is assigning Digital Pin 2 to pull-up and reading from Analog Channel 2. As "2" maps correspondingly to is PortD bit 2 and Analog Channel 2 (aka ADC2) is PortC bit 2. As shown below
digitalWrite(2, HIGH); // Pin D2
curval = analogRead(2); // AMUX Channel 2
where A2 shown below is interpreted as follows
digitalWrite(A2, HIGH); // Pin (A2 aka D16)
curval = analogRead(A2); // AMUX Channel 2 on Pin A2
On an UNO (ATmega328) the analogRead() function will interpret 0-7 as channels and will convert the pins A0 through A7 (D14-D21) to corresponding channels, to read from.
Note:
ADC6 and 7 are not available on the chip used on the UNO.
A0-A7 are alias for Digital 14 through 21. Where the labels A0-A7 are typically used.
Related
I am trying to wire up a simple switch to an Arduino, as per the code below, for use in a model trainset.
When the buttonState is high, Serial.print(buttonState) shows 111111111, however, the problem I have is when buttonState should be low: Serial.print(buttonState) "flickers" between 0 and 1 like so: 000111100000101000111001.
Why is it doing this and how do I stop it? I assumed it was connections but when I simply use a wire between the 2 ports, plugging it in for on and unplugging for off I still get this issue.
int RED=6;
int YELLOW=5;
int GREEN=3;
int relaytrig = 10; // trigger on pin 10
int powertoswitch = 9; // powertoswitch
int buttonPin = 12; // switch the button comms with
int buttonState = 0;
void setup() {
// put your setup code here, to run once:
Serial.begin(9600);
// inputs
// switch input
pinMode(buttonPin,INPUT);
// outputs
// powerforswitch
pinMode(powertoswitch,OUTPUT);
// track power
pinMode(relaytrig, OUTPUT);
//signal outputs
pinMode(RED,OUTPUT);
pinMode(YELLOW,OUTPUT);
pinMode(GREEN,OUTPUT);
}
void loop() {
// put your main code here, to run repeatedly:
digitalWrite(powertoswitch,HIGH);
buttonState = digitalRead(buttonPin);
if (buttonState == HIGH) {
digitalWrite(relaytrig,LOW);
digitalWrite(GREEN,LOW);
digitalWrite(RED,HIGH);
digitalWrite(YELLOW,LOW);
Serial.print(buttonState);
} else if (buttonState == LOW) {
digitalWrite(relaytrig,HIGH);
digitalWrite(GREEN,HIGH);
digitalWrite(RED,LOW);
digitalWrite(YELLOW,LOW);
Serial.print(buttonState);
}
}
Unplugging it leaves the input pin floating, and noise etc. can make a floating input pin take any value.
Depending on your connection, you need a pull-down or a pull-up resistor on the pin to make it a 1 or a 0 when nothing is connected to it.
From the code, I assume the switching wire is between 5 V (or 3.3 V for some Arduinos) and an input pin. If I'm right, you need to put a, say, 10 kΩ resistor from that input pin to ground. This will keep it 0 when there is no wire connected.
BTW you are using an IO pin (9 aka powertoswitch) to provide the plus for the switch; there's no need and you shouldn't.
Connect one end of the switch to 5 V (or 3.3 V for some Arduinos), and the other end to the input pin. Connect the input pin with the resistor to ground (GND).
There's a picture here, but they use pin 2 as the input pin, and you use pin 12.
Also, your button or wire may need debouncing, but that is another matter.
I have a set of leds that are setup every other led reversed so when I apply power one way light 1,3,5... light. Change power and 2,4,6... I'm trying to set the brightness using PWM on the digital pins. Here's my code:
unsigned long flashCount = 0;
bool bSwitch = true;
void setup()
{
pinMode(6, OUTPUT);
pinMode(7, OUTPUT);
}
void loop()
{
if((flashCount + 1000) < millis())
{
if(bSwitch)
{
analogWrite(6, 0);
analogWrite(7, 1);
bSwitch = false;
}
else
{
analogWrite(7, 0);
analogWrite(6, 1);
bSwitch = true;
}
flashCount = millis();
}
}
If I change analogWrite to 255 instead of 1, it will switch both sets of leds. If I change analogWrite to 127 or less, only one set will light. If I switch the led wires to the pins, the problem switches to the other set of lights.
The leds are like so:
GPIO pin 6 --------.-LED+.---.-LED+.---.-LED+.---.-LED+.---|
GPIO pin 7 ---.+LED-.---.+LED-.---.+LED-.---.+LED-.--------|
Change the connection of the LEDs to pins that both support PWM.
Not all pins support PWM. The analogWrite documentation specifies which pins depending on which board:
On most Arduino boards (those with the ATmega168 or ATmega328P), this function works on pins 3, 5, 6, 9, 10, and 11. On the Arduino Mega, it works on pins 2 - 13 and 44 - 46. Older Arduino boards with an ATmega8 only support analogWrite() on pins 9, 10, and 11.
The other factor is that analogWrite(255) and analogWrite(0) will revert to driving the output as a digital output. So writing 255 causes both pins to output (one as a digital output and the other in PWM mode). But writing 1 to 127 only causes the PWM capable pin to change.
From arduino's manpages:
Syntax
analogWrite(pin, value)
Parameters
pin: the pin to write to. Allowed data types: int.
value: the duty cycle: between 0 (always off) and 255 (always on). Allowed data types: int
Using an analogWrite with a value of 1 is essentially near-zero. 255 would be full voltage. You're attempting to use analogWrite() as if it was digitalWrite().
Consider using digital write instead in your code: https://www.arduino.cc/reference/en/language/functions/digital-io/digitalwrite/
As for your LED's behavior, it seems like your circuit needs to be debugged as well: Your circuit will only allow current to flow when pin 7 is on. Diodes (Light Emitting Diodes) only allow current in one direction. If you're intending to have the LED's alternate, they should all be oriented with the positives pointing toward their GPIO pin and where they meet they should be grounded with a pull-down resistor.
I have this RFID reader "Rosslare AY-X12", and it's working with Wiegand 26bit. I have an arduino mini Pro and connected together it's working fine but it only reads the card one time and then I have nothing.
When I put on the card arduino reads that card but only one time during the card is near by the reader and it again reads that card when I put off the card and then I put on. But I want to read that card continuously, I mean when the card is near by the Reader still reading the card, every 1ms reads that card.
Do you have any idea how to do that ? Is there any RFID arduino library which can do that? I had got the Mifare and its can do that. But this 125Khz reader which can communicate over Wiegand can't do that or I don't know how to do that.
I'm using this library : https://github.com/monkeyboard/Wiegand-Protocol-Library-for-Arduino
My previous answer was deleted. I am going to make another attempt to answer the questions.
Do you have any idea how to do that ?
This cannot be done by Arduino because Arduino in your case is just reading the D0 and D1 pulses from your RFID reader. Since your RFID reader Rosslare AY-X12 does not send out continuous output of wiegand protocol, there is no way Arduino can read more than what was not sent to it.
The common RFID readers will not send continuous data of the same card because in the common use case (entry/exit/attendance), normally one tap is to check-in and another tap is to check-out. If the RFID reader sends continuous data of the same card, the main system receiving the multiple wiegand data will be confused and will not be able to determine if the user actually wish to check-in or check-out.
Is there any RFID arduino library which can do that?
No. There is no such RFID Arduino library. If the RFID reader is not sending out continuous data, there is no way the receiver (Arduino) can receive them.
Is there a way to achieve this?
Yes, there are some readers that has the option to turn on the continuous output of data, for example 714-52 Mifare® ID Reader with selectable outputs. In its specification :
Continuous output with tag in field or single transmission
With this reader configured to continuous output, you can then use Arduino and the monkeyboard wiegand library to read the data.
I wrote my own wiegand code. Its not that difficult. I attached interrupts to the data pins and when they change I log the zero or one. You then build up the binary string and once timed out because no bits coming in. Then you convert the binary to decimal.
#include <LiquidCrystal.h>
int data0 = 2; //set wiegand data 0 pin
int data1 = 3; //set wiegand data 1 pin
unsigned long bit_holder; //unsigned long (positive 32 bit number)
unsigned long oldbit = 0;
volatile int bit_count = 0;
LiquidCrystal lcd(8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13);
unsigned long badge;
unsigned int timeout;
unsigned int t = 800;
void setup() {
Serial.begin(9600);
lcd.begin(16, 2);
lcd.print("Present Badge");
delay(2);
Serial.println("Present Badge");
pinMode(data0, INPUT);
digitalWrite(data0, HIGH);
pinMode(data1, INPUT);
digitalWrite(data1, HIGH);
attachInterrupt(0, zero, FALLING); //attach interrupts and assign functions
attachInterrupt(1, one, FALLING);
}
void zero(){
bit_count ++;
bit_holder = (bit_holder << 1) + 0; //shift left one and add a 0
timeout = t;
}
void one(){
bit_count ++;
bit_holder = (bit_holder << 1) + 1; //shift left one and add a 1
timeout = t;
}
void loop() {
timeout --;
if (timeout == 0 && bit_count > 0){
lcd.clear();
lcd.print("Dec:");
lcd.print(bit_holder);
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
lcd.print("Hex:");
lcd.print(String(bit_holder,HEX));
Serial.print("bit count= ");
Serial.println(bit_count);
Serial.print("bits= ");
Serial.println(bit_holder,BIN);
oldbit = bit_holder; //store previous this value as previous
bit_count = 0; //reset bit count
bit_holder = 0; //reset badge number
}
}
You may need to find a reader that offer a continuously reading, as I know almost of Wiegand Reader in the market can't perform a continuously reading because they have a "onboard" control that controls this...
Maybe you can try with Arduino Serial RFID Reader...
try a this timer libary Timer1 and mayby try this code it worked for me, my tags and cards now reads continuously.
Greetings from Denmark
Gregor
#include <Timer1.h>
//******************************************************************
// ATmega168, ATmega328:
// - Using Timer 1 disables PWM (analogWrite) on pins 9 and 10
// ATmega2560:
// - Using Timer 1 disables PWM (analogWrite) on pins 11 and 12
// - Using Timer 3 disables PWM (analogWrite) on pins 2, 3 and 5
// - Using Timer 4 disables PWM (analogWrite) on pins 6, 7 and 8
// - Using Timer 5 disables PWM (analogWrite) on pins 44, 45 and 46
//******************************************************************
unsigned int lastTime;
#include <SoftwareSerial.h>
SoftwareSerial RFID = SoftwareSerial(2,4);
char character;
String our_id;
void setup()
{
// Disable Arduino's default millisecond counter (from now on, millis(), micros(),
// delay() and delayMicroseconds() will not work)
disableMillis();
// Prepare Timer1 to count
// On 16 MHz Arduino boards, this function has a resolution of 4us
// On 8 MHz Arduino boards, this function has a resolution of 8us
startCountingTimer1();
lastTime = readTimer1();
Serial.begin(9600);
RFID.begin(9600);
}
void loop()
{
unsigned int now = readTimer1();
while (RFID.available()>0)
{
character = RFID.read();
our_id += character;
lastTime = now;
}
if (our_id.length() > 10) {
our_id = our_id.substring(1,13);
Serial.println(our_id);
our_id = "";
}
delay(1000);
}
I'm trying to display a potentiometer's value on an Adafruit ST7565 GLCD. My serial monitor is giving me values between 1.62-1.67, while the GLCD ranges from -20,000 to +20,000. I'm not sure whether the arithmetic/data type is wrong or whether I am allocating memory improperly for the "sprintf" conversion.
#include "ST7565.h"
#include "stdlib.h"
char buffer[5];
int ledPin = 13; // LED connected to digital pin 13
char str[8];
// the LCD backlight is connected up to a pin so you can turn it on & off
#define BACKLIGHT_LED 10
// pin 9 - Serial data out (SID)
// pin 8 - Serial clock out (SCLK)
// pin 7 - Data/Command select (RS or A0)
// pin 6 - LCD reset (RST)
// pin 5 - LCD chip select (CS)
ST7565 glcd(9, 8, 7, 6, 5);
#define LOGO16_GLCD_HEIGHT 16
#define LOGO16_GLCD_WIDTH 16
void setup() {
Serial.begin(9600);
// turn on backlight
pinMode(BACKLIGHT_LED, OUTPUT);
digitalWrite(BACKLIGHT_LED, HIGH);
// initialize and set the contrast to 0x18
glcd.begin(0x18);
glcd.display(); // show splashscreen
delay(3000);
glcd.clear();
Serial.println(" ");
digitalWrite(BACKLIGHT_LED, HIGH);
glcd.drawstring(0,0," ");
glcd.display();
glcd.clear();
}
void loop() {
// read the input on analog pin 0:
int sensorValue = analogRead(A0);
// Convert the analog reading (which goes from 0 - 1023) to a voltage (0 - 5V):
float voltage = sensorValue * (5.0 / 1023.0);
// print out the value you read:
Serial.println(voltage);
digitalWrite(BACKLIGHT_LED, HIGH);
Serial.println(voltage);
sprintf(str,"%d",voltage); // converts to decimal base.
glcd.drawstring(0,0,str);
glcd.display();
delay(500);
glcd.clear();
}
Any insight is appreciated. I don't have much formal programming experience, so linking a tutorial about data types won't be of any use. I need to see a specific example like this worked out to truly understand.
You used %d to print out a float; this is undefined behaviour (in your case, it probably dumped out the integer representation of some part of the float's bit sequence).
Instead of using sprintf (since sprintf(..., "%f", val) is reportedly broken on Arduino), use dtostrf:
dtostrf(voltage, 0, 2, buf);
Also, if you're interested, you can see how Arduino prints floats here.
So my problem is as title says: Arduino UNO analogRead always returns 1023.
But when I burn the same sketch in Arduino Mega 2650 everything works like a charm.
I have tried to change Atmel chips on the UNO, have tried like 3 of them (ATMEGA328P-PU) and nothing changes.
I'm trying to count signals from a hall effect sensor and display the count on a 7 segment display.
Here is the code:
#include "SevSeg.h"
SevSeg sevseg;
volatile int rpmcount;
void setup() {
Serial.begin(9600);
pinMode(2,INPUT_PULLUP);
rpmcount = 0;
sevseg.Begin(1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13);
}
int border=15;
void loop() {
int tmp=0;
tmp = analogRead(0);
if(!digitalRead(2))rpmcount=0;
Serial.println(tmp,DEC);
if(tmp<=border && res >border){
rpmcount++;
if(rpmcount>9999)rpmcount=0;
}
res=tmp;
sevseg.NewNum(rpmcount,(byte) 0);
sevseg.PrintOutput();
}
Any help would be much appreciated
This sounds to me as if you had the internal pullup resistor on the ADC pin enabled.
generic checklist:
ACD bit in ACSR is 0 (comparator enable)
MUX bits in ADMUX set properly
correct AREF selected
ADC pin set as input
internal pull up resistors are deselected