I know that I can activate some styling with media query like that:
/* Magic for mobile devices */
#media (max-width: 33em )
{
}
however I don't really like this approach since it checks only against screen width.
I found this java script code for detecting mobile browsers and now I need the same check with CSS
if (/Android|webOS|iPhone|iPad|iPod|BlackBerry/i.test(navigator.userAgent)) {
// some code..
}
Is there a CSS equivalent of this js?
You could use the following:
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="mobile.css" media="handheld">
This will target small or handheld devices.
Related
I am currently working on a new responsive website with several breakpoints. Between those breakpoints the layout should be flexible to always display as nice as possible on every device.
If a user views the page with a classic desktop browser i want to force the desktop version of the page and prevent the responsiveness.
Reason why is the lack of responsive ads which currently exist in germany.
Anyone has a clue for me how to achieve it?
You should use max-device-width rather than max-width, which targets the viewport size rather than the device screen size.
#media only screen and (min-device-width : 1024px) {
/* Styles */
}
You can also target retina displays:
#media only screen and (min-device-pixel-ratio : 1.5) {
/* Styles */
}
Edit: See this SO thread for more info.
Start by having two stylesheets. One responsive and one non-responsive. If it's a desktop user then load the non responsive and vise versa for mobile users
<link rel="stylesheet" media="only screen and (max-width: 400px)" href="mobile.css" />
<link rel="stylesheet" media="only screen and (min-width: 401px)" href="desktop.css" />
What is the difference between screen and only screen in media queries?
<link media="screen and (max-device-width: 480px)" rel="stylesheet" href="m.css" />
<link media="only screen and (max-device-width: 480px)" rel="stylesheet" href="m.css" />
Why are we required to use only screen? Does screen not itself provide enough information to be rendered only for screen?
I've seen many responsive websites using any of these three different ways:
#media screen and (max-width:632px)
#media (max-width:632px)
#media only screen and (max-width:632px)
Let's break down your examples one by one.
#media (max-width:632px)
This one is saying for a window with a max-width of 632px that you want to apply these styles. At that size you would be talking about anything smaller than a desktop screen in most cases.
#media screen and (max-width:632px)
This one is saying for a device with a screen and a window with max-width of 632px apply the style. This is almost identical to the above except you are specifying screen as opposed to the other available media types the most common other one being print.
#media only screen and (max-width:632px)
Here is a quote straight from W3C to explain this one.
The keyword ‘only’ can also be used to hide style sheets from older user agents. User agents must process media queries starting with ‘only’ as if the ‘only’ keyword was not present.
As there is no such media type as "only", the style sheet should be ignored by older browsers.
Here's the link to that quote that is shown in example 9 on that page.
Hopefully this sheds some light on media queries.
EDIT:
Be sure to check out #hybrids excellent answer on how the only keyword is really handled.
The following is from Adobe docs.
The media queries specification also provides the keyword only, which is intended to hide media queries from older browsers. Like not, the keyword must come at the beginning of the declaration. For example:
media="only screen and (min-width: 401px) and (max-width: 600px)"
Browsers that don't recognize media queries expect a comma-separated list of media types, and the specification says they should truncate each value immediately before the first nonalphanumeric character that isn't a hyphen. So, an old browser should interpret the preceding example as this:
media="only"
Because there is no such media type as only, the stylesheet is ignored. Similarly, an old browser should interpret
media="screen and (min-width: 401px) and (max-width: 600px)"
as
media="screen"
In other words, it should apply the style rules to all screen devices, even though it doesn't know what the media queries mean.
Unfortunately, IE 6–8 failed to implement the specification correctly.
Instead of applying the styles to all screen devices, it ignores the style sheet altogether.
In spite of this behavior, it's still recommended to prefix media queries with only if you want to hide the styles from other, less common browsers.
So, using
media="only screen and (min-width: 401px)"
and
media="screen and (min-width: 401px)"
will have the same effect in IE6-8: both will prevent those styles from being used. They will, however, still be downloaded.
Also, in browsers that support CSS3 media queries, both versions will load the styles if the viewport width is larger than 401px and the media type is screen.
I'm not entirely sure which browsers that don't support CSS3 media queries would need the only version
media="only screen and (min-width: 401px)"
as opposed to
media="screen and (min-width: 401px)"
to make sure it is not interpreted as
media="screen"
It would be a good test for someone with access to a device lab.
To style for many smartphones with smaller screens, you could write:
#media screen and (max-width:480px) { … }
To block older browsers from seeing an iPhone or Android phone style sheet, you could write:
#media only screen and (max-width: 480px;) { … }
Read this article for more http://webdesign.about.com/od/css3/a/css3-media-queries.htm
The answer by #hybrid is quite informative, except it doesn't explain the purpose as mentioned by #ashitaka "What if you use the Mobile First approach? So, we have the mobile CSS first and then use min-width to target larger sites. We shouldn't use the only keyword in that context, right? "
Want to add in here that the purpose is simply to prevent non supporting browsers to use that Other device style as if it starts from "screen" without it will take it for a screen whereas if it starts from "only" style will be ignored.
Answering to ashitaka consider this example
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"
href="android.css" media="only screen and (max-width: 480px)" />
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"
href="desktop.css" media="screen and (min-width: 481px)" />
If we don't use "only" it will still work as desktop-style will also be used striking android styles but with unnecessary overhead. In this case, IF a browser is non-supporting it will fallback to the second Style-sheet ignoring the first.
#media screen and (max-width:480px) { … }
screen here is to set the screen size of the media query. E.g the maximum width of the display area is 480px. So it is specifying the screen as opposed to the other available media types.
#media only screen and (max-width: 480px;) { … }
only screen here is used to prevent older browsers that do not support media queries with media features from applying the specified styles.
Media queries is used to create responsive web design. Both the screen and only screen are used in media queries.
screen: It is used to set the screen size of media query. The screen size can be set by using max-width and min-width.
screen is used to style for many smartphones with smaller screens, you could write:
#media screen and (max-width:630px){ ... }
In the above code screen is saying for a screen and window size with a max-width of 630px, you want to apply said styles.
only screen: The only keyword is used to prevent older browsers that do not support media queries with media features from applying the specified styles.
To block older browsers from seeing the stylesheet, you will write:
#media only screen and (max-width:630px){ ... }
The keyword ‘only’ will hide style sheets from older user agents.
My customers' website works fine in all major web browsers. Except for the iPad. Some things render a little bit differently.
I'm using the following conditional stylesheet
<link href="{$SkinDir}/ipad.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="only screen and (min-width: 600px) and (max-width: 1024px)" >
It now fixes the iPads' stylesheet problem that I had....
BUT
The site worked fine on other devices such as my HTC Phone. But now that the iPad stylesheet has been loaded, it is now reverting to that stylesheet.
I tried using :
<link href="{$SkinDir}/phones.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="only screen and (min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 600px)" >
But it hasnt seem to have cascaded to the phone handset at all, It is still referring to the ipad stylesheet.
Is there any way at all, I can just target the iPad!?
It is worth noting that the site is running on a SMARTY Templating engine. The file that relates to the conditional stuff can be found here
Many Thanks in advance.
Do the conditional css < link > on the server level (php), rather than the client level.
you can use this http://shaunmackey.com/articles/mobile/php-auto-bowser-detection/ to detect the iPad and set a flag so you know which css to include.
I've just discovered CSS #media queries and I think they're great! However, I know that not all browsers support them (namely all but the most recent versions of I.E.).
What should I do then, in my default stylesheet? Should I target a normal-sized screen? Should I go route of lowest-common-denominator and load the mobile stylesheet? Or should I make the design completely fluid?
What is generally a good plan when making the default stylesheet for browsers that don't support #media queries?
It depends on whether you go with de 'mobile first' approach or 'desktop first'.
The desktop first should not cause any trouble with desktop browsers not supporting #media, because they will just ignore the mobile stylesheet rules, like they should. The only problem is mobile browsers that don't support media queries. They will render the page like seen on desktop. But most smartphones support media queries, except pre-win7 phones. The question is if you want to support those phones.
You stylesheet should look something like this.
body {
width: 960px;
margin: 0 auto;
}
#media only screen and (max-width: 500px) {
/* override desktop rules to accommodate small screens*/
body{
width: auto;
margin: 0;
}
The other approach is mobile first. You create a base stylesheet for mobile, and then use mediaqueries to spice thinks up for desktop users. You can put the desktop rules in a separate file, and use media queries and conditional comments to load it in modern desktop browsers and IE. But here the problem is IE mobile also supports conditional comments, so no pre-win7 phone support. Your html should look something like:
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/basic.css" />
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/desktop.css" media="all and (min-width: 500px)" />
<!--[if lt IE 9]>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/desktop.css" />
<![endif]-->
Making your design fluid will help a lot. The aim is that no matter what screen size, your site will always look good. Just resize your window to try it out. Fluid designs can't make your sidebar move to the bottom if the screen is to narrow. For this you need mediaqueries.
Good luck
I read the article about them over at css3.info, but I didn't feel like it explained it well enough. I also could not get their examples to change with my screen size. I attempted in Safari, FF, Chrome.
Is this a feature that is not ready for implimentation yet?
If I want to adjust some styles when the browser window is less than 1024px wide. How can I do that?
The rule applied to the screen size means that, citing W3C spec "is usable on screen and handheld devices if the width of the viewport is" in the specified constraints.
http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-mediaqueries/
If you want to adjust the style when the viewport is less than 1024px you can use this rule:
#media screen and (max-width: 1024px) { … }
anyway this rule applies only to the viewport actual size. If you resize the viewport without reloading the page the styles won't be applied.
To apply a style sheet to a document when displayed on a screen greater than 800 pixels wide:
<link rel="stylesheet" media="screen and (min-device-width: 800px)" >
To apply a style sheet to a document when displayed on any device less than 400 pixels wide:
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all and (max-device-width: 400px)" >
inside
#media all and (max-width:800px) {
body { color: red; }
}
for iphone
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all and (orientation:portrait)" href="portrait.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all and (orientation:landscape)" href="landscape.css">
::combining media query
To see how different media queries react on resize or orientation change, try the demo on this page:
http://www.jensbits.com/2011/04/20/media-query-playground-rotate-resize-rinse-repeat/
You can adjust the media query attributes to get a feel for how they affect a page.
Here are a few projects that solve this issue and are at the forefront of dynamic css and screen sizes:
320 and up:
‘320 and Up’ prevents mobile devices
from downloading desktop assets by
using a tiny screen’s stylesheet as
its starting point.
Lessframework:
Less Framework is a CSS grid system
for designing adaptive websites. It
contains 4 layouts and 3 sets of
typography presets, all based on a
single grid.