I have a layout where I need to use height: 100% on html and body (and any wrapper divs I resort to using) to achieve an effect similar to pages, so that the content on my first "page" is centred, scrolling down the content on the second "page" is centred etc.
The html looks like this:
<section class="page" id="p01">
<div class="spacer">
</div>
<div class="outer">
<div class="inner">
Some content
</div>
<div class="inner">
Some content
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section class="page" id="p02">
<div class="spacer">
</div>
<div class="outer">
<div class="inner">
Some content
</div>
<div class="inner">
Some content
</div>
</div>
</section>
and the vertical centring etc. achieved with this styling:
body, .page {height: 100%; margin: 0 auto;}
.spacer {
float: left;
height: 50%;
margin-bottom: -150px;
}
.outer {
height: 300px;
width: 100%;
background-color: #fca;
clear: both;
position: relative;
display: block;
white-space: nowrap;
}
.inner {
width: 41%;
margin: 0 6%;
height: 300px;
background-color: green;
display: inline-block;
vertical-align: middle;
white-space: normal;
}
.inner:first-child {
margin-right: 0;
}
You can see it at work in this fiddle:
http://jsfiddle.net/terraling/3V5rV/
The problem is the body background (here I'm just using color, but on my site it will be an image) leaks out into the body margins, i.e. the body content has a max-width and should be centred with white margins.
I can fix that either by... setting html background-color to white, as per
http://jsfiddle.net/terraling/yM53t/
...but body background becomes cutoff when scrolling into the second page (that wasn't a problem in the first fiddle).
Alternatively I could set the background image on a wrapper div and not on the body. That solves the problem of it leaking into the body margins, but it still has the same problem that it is cut off on scrolling.
(see: http://jsfiddle.net/terraling/3V5rV/1/ )
Any solution that involves removing the height: 100% declaration from any of html, body or wrapper collapses the layout (including replacing with max-height: 100%).
There's a whole lot of problems with this construct and not all of them can be solved, unfortunately.
The background issue
As you have seen yourself the background of body extends to the viewport if html does not have a background. That's solvable.
The float issue
When an element floats it does not contribute to the height of its parent element. So they don't grow (e.g. body does not expand). That can be solved if you can use alternatives. For vertically centering an element you could use display: table-cell e.g., which allows you to vertically center the content.
The height issue
This is where all hope is gone. height: 100% refers to the height of the parent, of course. The parent of body is html which in turn is the child of the viewport. You gave html the size of 100% (= the size of the viewport) and body the size of 100% (= size of html = size of viewport).
So now body has a fixed height and it can't expand meaning the background doesn't expand as well. Now one might have the idea to give body no size so that it can expand. But .page has 100% too. If a parent (in this case body) has no fixed size 100% has no meaning and will be treated as auto, which means as big as the content. And the content has a height of 300px. So the .page elements wouild no longer have the height of the viewport but 300px.
As for the collapse of the CSS, you should either specify the height specifically height:200px; or add padding to the bottom/top of the page so that the content wraps. You can also use min-height:200px; then add the margin-bottom:20px; to separate the pages. I would approach this at a specific height with the wrapper having the specific background-image and bottom-margin.
In order to center your background-image to the <html> you can specify the position as 50%.
This can be done by doing background:url('yourimage.jpg') repeat 0 50%;This will ensure the background is centered.
Related
After about 15 years writing CSS, I'm still discovering things I don't understand...
Below is a simple page with an h1 element that is 2000px wide. As expected, this causes the page to have a horizontal scrollbar.
But the problem is, the parent div.wrapper does not expand to the width of its contents – its yellow background only extends as far as the width of the viewport. (Run the below snippet and scroll horizontally to see the problem.)
body { margin: 0; }
.wrapper { background: yellow; }
h1 {
width: 2000px;
border: 2px solid red;
}
<!doctype html>
<html>
<body>
<div class="wrapper">
<h1>Hello</h1>
<p>More content</p>
</div>
<p>More content outside wrapper</p>
</body>
</html>
Here's the weird thing: Try adding body { position: absolute } to the above CSS and it fixes it. The div.wrapper now extends to the width of its contents – the yellow goes all the way to the right of the document.
Questions:
Why does setting body { position: absolute } fix the problem?
Are there any better (more intuitive) ways to fix the problem?
Constraints: I do not always know the width of the inner contents, I just want the wrapper to always extend so its background color goes all the way to the right of the contents.
Let's start with this:
But the problem is, the parent div.wrapper does not expand to the
width of its contents – its yellow background only extends as far as
the width of the viewport.
By default a div is a block element and a block element takes up the whole width of it's parent container so your wrapper in this case has the width of the body which is the width of the screen. In addition to this we are facing an overflow as the child content width is bigger than the parent width and by default:
Content is not clipped and may be rendered outside the padding boxref
This explain why the background doesn't cover the h1 as this one is rendred outside.
To change this behavior we have two solutions:
We change the behavior of overflow by specifing a value different from visible (the default one). By doing this you will also notice some changes to margin because you are also facing a margin collapsing (margin of h1 and p are collpasing with the margin of div.wrapper).
body {
margin: 0;
}
.wrapper {
background: yellow;
margin:10px 0;
}
h1 {
width: 2000px;
border: 2px solid red;
}
<div class="wrapper" style="overflow: auto;">
<h1>Hello</h1>
<p>More content</p>
</div>
<div class="wrapper" style="overflow: hidden;">
<h1>Hello</h1>
<p>More content</p>
</div>
<div class="wrapper" style="overflow: scroll;">
<h1>Hello</h1>
<p>More content</p>
</div>
<p>More content outside wrapper</p>
We change the display property of the element to something else than block. We can for example use inline-block or inline-flex and in this case the wrapper will fit the content of its element and he will overflow the body
body {
margin: 0;
}
.wrapper {
background: yellow;
display: inline-block;
}
h1 {
width: 2000px;
border: 2px solid red;
}
<div class="wrapper">
<h1>Hello</h1>
<p>More content</p>
</div>
<p>More content outside wrapper</p>
Concerning this:
Why does setting body { position: absolute } fix the problem?
We all know what position:absolute means but the intresting part is this one:
Most of the time, absolutely positioned elements that have height and
width set to auto are sized so as to fit their contents. However,
non-replaced, absolutely positioned elements can be made to fill the
available vertical space by specifying both top and bottom and leaving
height unspecified (that is, auto). They can likewise be made to fill
the available horizontal space by specifying both left and right and
leaving width as auto. ref
You haven't told the div how to handle the overflow caused by the width of the inner element. Add overflow: auto.
body { margin: 0; }
.wrapper { background: yellow; overflow: auto; }
h1 {
width: 2000px;
border: 2px solid red;
}
<!doctype html>
<html>
<body>
<div class="wrapper">
<h1>Hello</h1>
<p>More content</p>
</div>
<p>More content outside wrapper</p>
</body>
</html>
I do not believe that there is an obvious reason why adding position: absolute to the body fixes this. It does take body out of the document flow, but body is the container for all the content. So I would describe it as a quirk.
We could describe body as being the initial constraint for the width of the content, the .wrapper. Being absolute removes this constraint. Actually, it likely remove the width constraint for any further elements on the page, so they will probably all expand to contain any inner content.
Yeah, you can use width: fit-content;
MDN describes it as;
fit-content
The larger of:
the intrinsic minimum width
the smaller of the intrinsic preferred width and the available width
It works as expected; the containing element expands. But, as usual, IE lags behind and doesn't support it...
EDIT To be clear; this specification is still in Working Draft status, and as such should not be used in production environments (except if you don't care about Internet Explorer).
So I have a div that i want to position at the bottom of my page, with the body of the div completely hidden below the user's viewport, except the entirety of a header which is fixed to the bottom of the page.
Contraints:
The height of the entire div is dynamic, as there can be any number of items in there
The header of the div is contained entirely within the div, syntax-wise
Ideally I'd like to do this completely with CSS, but if a little bit of JavaScript is needed, that's fine too.
Any ideas on how this can be done? position: fixed and bottom: (height of header - height of div) doesn't work because the height of the div changes when you resize the viewport.
Figured it out. Here's my solution. The key is to have a wrapper that is the same height as the header that you want sticking out, and apply position fixed and bottom 0 to that parent wrapper.
html
<html>
<body>
<div class="wrapper">
<div class="wrapper-top">
</div>
<div class="wrapper-bottom">
This can be variable height
<div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
css
.wrapper {
height: 50px;
position: fixed;
bottom: 0;
width: 100%;
}
.wrapper-top {
height: 50px;
width: 100%;
}
I have been banging my head against the wall trying to figure out this problem and I have looked high and low for the answer and came up with similar results.
Synopsis
The problem is that I am building a website using the 960 grid and have three columns that I want to stretch at 100% at all times. Here is a fiddle for your reference: http://jsfiddle.net/Uec7h/1/
Essentially the html is like so:
<div class="contentWrapper">
<div class="container_12">
<div class="grid_2 leftSide clearfix">
Left sidebar content.
</div>
<div class="grid_7 content">
Lots of content loaded from the server.
</div>
<div class="grid_3 rightSide">
Right sidebar content.
</div>
</div>
</div>
with the CSS being like
html, body {
height: 100%;
}
.content {
height: 100%;
}
.leftSide {
height: 100%;
background-color: #000000;
}
.rightSide {
height: 100%;
background-color: #000000;
}
.contentWrapper {
height: 100%;
}
The fiddle isn't completely accurate to what I am seeing on my local version, but it's close. Seems like the left and right sidebars do not want to expand to 100% no matter what I do.
What I've Tried
Most of the answers I have found on SO have suggested to put height: 100% on the html, body elements and everything should work out fine. Adding this attribute and giving both sidebars height: 100% did work a little bit, but if the content in the middle column gets too big, it stops at a certain point and won't continue to stretch.
I have tried adding the clearfix class that comes with the 960 grid but it didn't seem to help at all.
Question
How do I get the left and right side bars height in the fiddle to be 100% no matter what content is in the middle column?
If you add the following CSS to the sidebar elements it will fill the 100% of the height.
display:block;
height:auto;
position:absolute;
top:0px;
bottom:0px;
If you place the sidebar into a wrapper div with relative positioning, the content section will be again in it's right place...
I would also set padding and margin to 0 for the body.
EDIT:
If you add height: 100% to the .container_12 it will get a real height, and children elements can have a 100% height. Notice that the sidebars will be as height as the window itself, but your content at the middle can be taller than 100%... Fiddle
Dont know the 960 grid, the EDITED solution - using visibility: visible; -
HTML
<div id="box">
<div class="vision"> sdfsdfsd </div>
</div>
CSS
#box {
float: left;
border: 2px solid red;
}
.vision {
width: 300px;
height: 600px;
visibility: visible;
}
I'm trying to design a web page these days that is a bit hard.
I have three main divs. First one for header, another for footer, and third one for main content. Header and footer must be fixed in top and bottom of the page. Their place mustn't change with resizing of browser window. Third div must be in the blank space between those divs. It can resize to fit the page with window resize.
Height of main div must exactly change, because I want to place a Google Maps in that div, so the height of this div is important.
I tried so many things, but they were not successful. Setting height of the div to 100%(while height of body and html is 100%, too) was not the answer. Using a table (with three rows, two rows with fixed height, one row with variable height, with height="100%") had some problems, too(in IE8, when I declared a doctype, the div in second row (with height:100%) didn't fit the cell anymore!).
Now I have no idea to do this work. What can I do?
Note: I prefer not to use CSS3, because compatibility with old browsers is important for me.
You could try something like this.
HTML
<div id="header"></div>
<div id="body"></div>
<div id="footer"></div>
CSS
#header {
height:50px;
width: 100%;
background: black;
position: fixed;
z-index: 1;
top: 0;
}
#body {
height:100%;
width: 100%;
background: #CCC;
position: absolute;
z-index: 0;
}
#footer {
height: 50px;
width: 100%;
background: #0CF;
position: fixed;
bottom: 0;
}
Here is a fiddle - http://jsfiddle.net/6M59T/
Use a set height for your header, and use sticky footer to keep your footer a set height and aligned to the bottom as well. The space in between should then always be the right height.
You should try the well known Clearfix hack to handle height issues, because you need to "clear" parents elements to get that full 100% height you need.
This is one of the shortcomings of css. You cannot accomplish what you want using just those three divs. You need to use additional divs to offset the height of your header and footer. Here is how to solve this:
<body style="height:100%; margin:0; padding:0;">
<div id="header" style="height:50px; position: relative; z-index: inherit; background-color:lightblue;"></div>
<div id="content" style="height:100%; margin:-50px 0 -70px 0; background-color:wheat">
<div id="header-offset" style="height:50px;"></div>
<div id="footer-offset" style="height:70px;"></div>
</div>
<div id="footer" style="height:70px; background-color:lightblue;"></div>
</body>
i have a few problems setting up a layout with horizontal sections that should have an automatic height depending on it's content.
This is my page structure.
<div id="#page-wrap">
<header>
<div class="inner">
#navigation
#logo floated right
</div>
</header>
<section id="services">
<div class="inner">
#some floated boxes
</div>
</section>
<section id="main">
<div class="inner">
#secteion content
#aside sidebar
</div>
</section>
<footer>
<div class="inner">
#footer stuff
</div>
</footer>
</div>
header, sections and footer are always 100% wide.
each section has a .inner div which is centered with margin: 0 auto.
.inner {
margin: 0 auto;
padding: 96px 72px 0;
width: 1068px;
color: #3C3C3C;
}
and as example this is my header:
header .inner {
background: #fff url('images/years.png') no-repeat top right;
position:relative;
/*height:100px;*/
}
#logo {
position:absolute;
right:70px;
top:15px;
float:right;
}
THE PROBLEM: if i don't set the header to a specific height the background image get's cut off. If i inspect the header with a develper tool like firebug the navigation inside of it is kind of outside the the header-box. So if i don't set the height of 100px the horizontal navigation cuts off the the background image - even though it's in the same header.
any idea what i have to consider here.
you state that it should have an automatic height depending on its content and then later state the problem is the background gets cut off. so, what exactly are you looking for? a min-height of 100px which expands if the content is larger? or did you expect the nav to be 100px in height (thus forcing the header to 100px)? its a bit confusing... at any rate, the header will have a height of zero if the height is not set and it's children are floats. it sounds to me as if you want the header to be 100px for the purpose of showing the entire background - if so, just set the headers height to 100px (as you've done)
edit// you've also stated that the logo is floated, but then show that its positioned absolutely - which is it? and how is the nav positioned? more information is needed
header, section and footer elements are not container elements - if you want them to behave as if they were you have to set them display: block - this will make them to behave as normal div would
I think this may be a clearfix issue--
you could try adding <div style="clear: both;"></div> before you close your header, or add the following properties to your header
.header {
overflow: hidden;
display: inline-block; /* Necessary to trigger "hasLayout" in IE */
display: block; /* Sets element back to block */
}
however if your navigation will have things that hang out of its container sometimes (like a dropdown), it's best to use something like the method at http://www.positioniseverything.net/easyclearing.html.
finally, you can also try wrapping the whole thing (header, and content) in another div which will only have the background property. that way the bg image will not get cut off.