how does grid system compensate for variation in column heights? - css

Below I am using an extraction from a 12-grid 960px system.
<style>
body {
background: gray;
}
#container_12 {
width: 960px;
margin-left: auto;
margin-right: auto;
background: white;
overflow: hidden;
}
.column_1, .column_2, .column_3, .column_4, .column_5, .column_6, .column_7, .column_8, .column_9, .column_10, .column_11, .column_12 {
float : left;
margin-left : 10px;
margin-right : 10px;
margin-bottom: 10px;
}
.column_1 {
width : 60px;
}
.column_2 {
width : 140px;
}
.column_3 {
width : 220px;
}
.column_4 {
width : 300px;
}
.column_5 {
width : 380px;
}
.column_6 {
width : 460px;
}
.column_7 {
width : 540px;
}
.column_8 {
width : 620px;
}
.column_9 {
width : 700px;
}
.column_10 {
width : 780px;
}
.column_11 {
width : 860px;
}
.column_12 {
width : 940px;
}
</style>
<body>
<div id="container_12">
<!-- First row -->
<div class="column_1" style="height: 400px; background: red;">
</div>
<div class="column_11" style="height: 200px; background: red;">
</div>
<!-- Second row -->
<!--
This column overlaps into second row
<div class="column_1">
</div>
-->
<div class="column_5" style="height: 200px; background: green;">
</div>
<div class="column_3" style="height: 200px; background: green;">
</div>
<div class="column_3" style="height: 200px; background: green;">
</div>
</div>
</body>
The output:
http://jsfiddle.net/hnDtY/
Now let's say if I copy the two rows above to have a total of 4 rows. But I want to give the first two rows a purple background and the last two rows a white background:
http://jsfiddle.net/QZuED/
The problem with what I did above is I had to create a new div called "row" and wrap it around the two columns. This makes it inconsistent from the rest of the layout which does not have a div "row" wrapping every row. If I added a div "row" on each row and gave it a overflow: hidden property, then it will be impossible to have one column span two rows, because it would push the items in the second row down. So how do grid systems handle this situation?

Indeed, nesting the blocks inside of a div would force them to be unable to extend into the rest of the content. The answer I find most commonly used is a repeating background image instead.
body {
background: gray url(web.png) repeat-x;
}
This would also allow you to use a gradient that fades into the rest of the background. Here's your jsfiddle tweaked to reflect this.

Related

Overflow-y: auto without changing the content padding when the scrollbar appears

I am trying to create a content container that doesn't change the content position when overflow causes a scrollbar to appear. I can do this easily when my containers are fixed widths but I am struggling to think of a way where I can use percentages to scale to the browser width. I am using an extra container with a negative right margin so the scroll bar appears in the padding of the parent container.
How can I make the content div stay the same width as the header div? I either need to be able to create a variable with the width of the header and use it for the width of content or have some sort of css that targets a container that has overflow-y enabled.
const chars = 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuzwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ';
const contentContainer = document.getElementsByClassName('content')[0];
function addContent(num) {
for (let i = 0; i < num; i++) {
contentContainer.innerHTML += chars[Math.floor(chars.length * Math.random())] + ' ';
}
}
addContent(150);
document.getElementById('add').addEventListener('click', function() {
addContent(1500);
});
.container {
height: 100px;
border: 1px solid black;
padding: 20px;
}
.header {
background-color: #eee;
padding: 10px;
}
.scrollbar {
margin-right: -20px;
height: 100%;
overflow-y: auto;
}
.content {
padding-right: 20px;
}
<div class="container">
<div class="header"></div>
<div class="scrollbar">
<div class="content"></div>
</div>
</div>
<button id="add">Add scrollbar</button>

Smaller horizontal scrollbar than div width? + No figcaption?

I'm trying to do image "carousel" with horizontal scroll. Pure HTML + CSS without JS.
This is my HTML:
<div class="slideshow">
<figure class="slideshow__fig">
<img src="img/hilti-png.png" alt="" class="slideshow__fig-img">
<figcaption>Fig.1 - Trulli, Puglia, Italy.</figcaption>
</figure>
<figure class="slideshow__fig">
<img src="img/hilti-png.png" alt="" class="slideshow__fig-img">
<figcaption>Fig.1 - Trulli, Puglia, Italy.</figcaption>
</figure>
<figure class="slideshow__fig">
<img src="img/hilti-png.png" alt="p" class="slideshow__fig-img">
<figcaption>Fig.1 - Trulli, Puglia, Italy.</figcaption>
</figure>
</div>
This is my css:
.slideshow {
display: flex;
flex-wrap: nowrap;
overflow-y: hidden;
overflow-x: scroll;
//width: 80vw;
//margin: auto;
&::-webkit-scrollbar {
width: 350px;
height: 10px;
}
/* Track */
&::-webkit-scrollbar-track {
background: #f1f1f1;
}
/* Handle */
&::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb {
background: #888;
border-radius: 500px;
}
/* Handle on hover */
&::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:hover {
background: #555;
}
&__fig {
flex: 0 0 auto;
height: 900px;
&-img{
height: 100%;
//width: 100%;
display: block;
}
}
}
1 - The problem is when I set the width of the .slideshow to 80vw, then naturally the scrollbar is shorter, but my images are cropped and not going full display width. When I try to adjust the width of the scrollbar with ::-webkit-scrollbar {width: 350px or 50vw or ...} exactly nothing happens.
I would like to have a scrollbar which is not full width of the div which I'm scrolling, but somehow can't figure it out.
2 - The other problem is I would like to have a figcaption at the bottom left side of the image. But somehow it doesn't show when the horizontal scroll is there. Any suggestions?
Here is the example how I would like to have it:
example image
edit: Now I finally managed to do it by adding:
&::-webkit-scrollbar-button:end:increment {
width: 50%;
display: block;
background: transparent;
}
But now the problem is that the scrollbar is not in middle, but on the left side. Margin:auto doesn't help. No idea how else to do it.
Also making img size 90% revealed the caption which is not that bad solution.
Now the only question is how to put the scroll bar in the centre.
Here is something close to the image you provided as an example. Sorry, but I really don't know how this can be achieved respecting the Pure HTML + CSS without JS criteria. I think it isn't possible at all.
So here, it uses jQuery and jQuery-ui draggable.
It uses a draggable div contained within its parent. Ondrag, it calculates the "scrolled" percentage to apply it to the scrollable width of the image slider.
For mobiles... I added the "touch punch" patch for jQuery-ui. More details about it here. I also placed the "initialisation code" in a function, so it can run on load AND on resize.
$(document).ready(function(){
function initDisplay(){
let slide_scrollWidth = $("#slide")[0].scrollWidth;
let customScrollbar_width = $("#sliderScroll_outer")[0].scrollWidth;
let percent = slide_scrollWidth/customScrollbar_width
$("#sliderScroll").css({"width":percent+"%", "left":0})
$("#slide")[0].scrollTo(0,0)
}
// On page load
initDisplay()
// Useful for mobile orientation change
window.onresize = initDisplay
$("#sliderScroll").draggable({
containment: "#sliderScroll_outer",
scroll: false,
drag: function(e){
let parentOffset = $(e.target).parent().offset().left
let offset = $(e.target).offset().left
let scrollableWidth = $(e.target).parent().width() - $(e.target).width()
let sliderPercent = (offset-parentOffset)/scrollableWidth
//console.log(sliderPercent)
let imageSliderWidth = $("#slide")[0].scrollWidth - $("#slide").width()
//console.log(imageSliderWidth)
$("#slide")[0].scrollTo(sliderPercent*imageSliderWidth,0)
}
});
});
#container{
margin: 1em;
}
#slide{
display: flex;
overflow: hidden;
}
#slide img{
margin: 0 0.5em;
}
#sliderScroll_outer{
width: 40vw;
background: lightgrey;
margin: 1em;
}
#sliderScroll{
width: 0vw;
height: 10px;
background: green;
}
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/jquery/3.3.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/jqueryui/1.12.1/jquery-ui.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/jqueryui-touch-punch/0.2.2/jquery.ui.touch-punch.min.js"></script>
<div id="container">
<div id="slide">
<img src="https://via.placeholder.com/800x600.png">
<img src="https://via.placeholder.com/400x600.png">
<img src="https://via.placeholder.com/1000x600.png">
</div>
<div id="sliderScroll_outer">
<div id="sliderScroll"></div>
</div>
</div>
Run in full page mode or CodePen

Aligning 4 split images from 1 image

I am trying to align these four separate spliced images from an original image. I am doing this because each portion of the image has a separate link.
I have the images align. Now all I want to do is shrink the size of the images via width: #%;
For some reason this just isn't seeming to work.
Any help would be appreciated.
Here is a link to the CodePen: http://codepen.io/anon/pen/pvGgdp
.split,
.split2,
.split3,
.split4 {
display: inline-block;
margin: -2px;
}
.spliter {
margin-top: -3px;
}
<div class="splitWrapper">
<div class="split">
<a href="#">
<img src="http://i.imgur.com/Jnah8Y0.png" title="source: imgur.com" />
</a>
</div>
<div class="split2">
<a href="#">
<img src="http://i.imgur.com/mGftOCN.png" title="source: imgur.com" />
</a>
</div>
<div class="spliter"></div>
<div class="split3">
<a href="#">
<img src="http://i.imgur.com/ZooSwpU.png" title="source: imgur.com" />
</a>
</div>
<div class="split4">
<a href="#">
<img src="http://i.imgur.com/sMsHX14.png" title="source: imgur.com" />
</a>
</div>
</div>
You could use background images and assign them to the a tags. I have amended your codePen here > http://codepen.io/anon/pen/YPBwJX
However, it may be better to just use one image, and overlay transparent a-tags, set them to display block and then you don't have to worry about the image lining up! Anyways, please see the code below for the question asked =)
.splitWrapper {
width: 850px;
margin: auto;
}
a.split1 {
background: url('http://i.imgur.com/Jnah8Y0.png');
}
a.split2 {
background: url('http://i.imgur.com/mGftOCN.png');
}
a.split3 {
background: url('http://i.imgur.com/ZooSwpU.png');
}
a.split4 {
background: url('http://i.imgur.com/sMsHX14.png');
}
a.split{
width: 417px;
height: 300px;
float: left;
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
display: block;
background-size: 417px 300px;
}
.clear { clear: both; }
<div class="splitWrapper">
<div class="clear"></div>
</div>
I don't think you quite understand how % works in CSS. % means that percentage of the parent element. Also, for it to work, the parent element has to have a defined width. Here's the CSS changes you need:
.splitWrapper {
width: 100%;
}
.split, .split2, .split3, .split4 {
display: inline-block;
margin: -2px;
width: 25%;
}
.split img,
.split2 img,
.split3 img,
.split4 img {
max-width: 100%;
}
.spliter {
margin-top: -3px;
}
http://codepen.io/anon/pen/KwJVGQ
You'll need to adjust your margins accordingly. You should use percentage margins since you're working with percents. Just divide the width of the margin by the width of the element and multiply it by 100 to get your margin percentage.

CSS Fixed Position overlapping each other

Basically I'm making a navigation bar and due to Jquery doing a lot of resizing to make a website look 'pretty' I don't want to use a horizontal list and so each button is created like so:
<img src="homeicon.png"><span id="homex"><br /><img src="home.png" /></span>
(yes they're all image buttons for good reason)
but the only problem is they're fixed and set to "top 0" at the top of the page and as a result cannot sit next to each other but rather overlap, any idea on how I can I still keep the position to fixed and they top to 0 yet keep them next to each other?
HTML
<div id="top">
<img src="homeicon.png"><span id="homex"><br /><img src="home.png" /></span>
</div>
CSS
#top a.button { position: fixed; top: 0; padding: 12px; background: url('glacial_ice.jpg'); text-decoration: none; color: black; border-radius: 0px 0px 25px 25px; }
#top { position: relative; top:0; padding-left: 25px; }
Init function (runs on $(document).ready())
$('a.button').animate({
height: '+=5px',
}, 20, function() {
$('a.button').animate({
opacity: 0.6,
height: '-=5px',
}, 20);
});
Thanks
Put them all in a container, i.e. id="header", give the header position:fixed;top:0;etc...
Then, for each of the link/buttons give them:
position:relative;display:inline-block;float:left;
if you want them centered, then in the #header use text-align:center; and remove float:left from the links
So the container will be fixed, but the buttons inside will be relative and not overlap.
hope this helps!
very crude example
http://jsfiddle.net/6SCTZ/
<div id="header">
<div class="button">button1</div>
<div class="button">button2</div>
<div class="button">button3</div>
</div>
CSS:
#header { position:fixed;top:0;width:100%;height:30px;background:black; text-align:center }
.button {position:relative;display:inline-block;color:white;margin:0 5px 0 5px;}
Just put whatever elements need to be fixed within a container element (in this case, I'll use a div with an ID of "top_fixed").
Consider the following html:
<div id='top_fixed'>
<a href='http://google.com'>Google</a>
<a href='http://yahoo.com'>Yahoo</a>
</div>
<div id='tall'></div>
Now, the following CSS:
a { display: inline; }
#top_fixed { position: fixed; top: 0; left: 0; width: auto; }
#tall {height: 2000px; background: #000;}
​
DEMO: http://jsfiddle.net/mHKNc/1/

xHTML/CSS: How to make inner div get 100% width minus another div width

I have 2 nested divs inside outer one, which has width:100%. Both nested divs should be in one line and first should get it size from it's contents:
<div id="#outer" style="width:100%; border:1px">
<div id="#inner1" style="border:1px; display:inline">
inner div 1. Some text...
</div>
<div id="#inner2" style="width:100%????; border:1px; display:inline">
inner div 2...
</div>
</div>
Question is how to make #inner2 div to get rest of the horizontal space if width of the #inner1 div is not specified and depends on what it is inside?
P.S. All styles are in separate classes in my case, here I putted CSS into style attributes just for simplification.
I want result to work in IE7+ and FF 3.6
In more details for me it looks like this:
<style type="text/css">
.captionText
{
float:left;
}
.captionLine
{
height: 1px;
background-color:black;
margin: 0px;
margin-left: 5px;
margin-top: 5px;
border: 0px;
padding: 0px;
padding-top: 1px;
}
</style>
<table style="width:300px;">
<caption width="100%">
<div class="captionText">Some text</div>
<div class="captionLine"> </div>
</caption>
<tr>
<td>something</td>
</tr>
</table>
Here is the image of what I want:
The mysterious overflow: hidden; is your friend here. It stops elements adjacent to floats from extending behind the float — I think that’s the layout you’re looking for.
Here’s some slightly edited HTML: I don’t think you can have # characters in your ids:
<div id="outer">
<div id="inner1">
inner div 1. Some text...
</div>
<div id="inner2">
inner div 2...
</div>
</div>
And here’s the CSS to achieve the layout you want.
(I put in additional CSS for IE 6 with HTML conditional comments. I just noticed you didn’t actually need it to work in IE 6 too, but if you fancy being nice to the IE 6 users out there...)
<style type="text/css">
#outer {
overflow: hidden;/* Makes #outer contain its floated children */
width: 100%;
/* Colours and borders for illustration purposes */
border: solid 3px #666;
background: #ddd;
}
#inner1 {
float: left;/* Make this div as wide as its contents */
/* Colours and borders for illustration purposes */
border: solid 3px #c00;
background: #fdd;
}
#inner2 {
overflow: hidden;/* Make this div take up the rest of the horizontal space, and no more */
/* Colours and borders for illustration purposes */
border: solid 3px #00c;
background: #ddf;
}
</style>
<!--[if lte IE 6]>
<style type="text/css">
#inner2 {
zoom: 1;/* Make this div take up the rest of the horizontal space, and no more, in IE 6 */
}
#inner1 {
margin-right: -3px;/* Fix the 3-pixel gap that the previous rule introduces. (Shit like this is why web developers hate IE 6.) */
}
</style>
<![endif]-->
Tested and working in IE 6, 7, and 8; Firefox 3.5; and Chrome 4.
If you're reading this now you can probably use calc, so be thankful.
HTML
<div class="universe">
<div class="somewidth">
</div>
<div class="everythingelse">
</div>
</div>
CSS
.universe {
width: 100%;
height: 100%;
}
.somewidth {
width: 200px;
height: 100%;
}
.everythingelse {
width: 800px; /* fallback for emergencies */
width: calc(100% - 200px);
width: -moz-calc(100% - 200px);
width: -webkit-calc(100% - 200px);
height: 100%;
}
See the working example on JSFiddle.
You would need to float the inner1 div to the left, like so:
<div id="#outer" ....>
<div id='#inner1" style="float:left; border: 1px solid #000;">
blabla
</div>
<div id="#inner2" style="... DON'T USE WIDTH AND DISPLAY HERE! ...">
gnihihi
</div>
</div>
This should do the trick. Check it out!
bye
You do not need to use div for nested element, just use SPAN like this
<div>
<span style="display:inline-block;width: auto;border: solid 1px black;">
hey you
</span>
<span style="display:inline-block;marging: 0px 2px;border: solid 1px black;">
always use proper tools.
</span>
</div>
Expanding on #Nasser Hajloo's answer, this works for me (even in IE6)
<div style="width: 400px; border: solid 1px red;">
<span style="float:left;width: auto;border: solid 1px black;">
hey you
</span>
<div style="display:inline-block;margin: 0px 2px;border: solid 1px black;">always use proper tools.</div>
</div>
Try it with the main div smaller than 400px to see how it adjusts. (It also works with divs rather than spans - the key is the width: auto in the first div/span.)
Try this: nest inner1 inside inner2, and remove the display:inline from inner2, like this:
<div id="#outer" style="width:100%; border:1px solid red">
<div id="#inner2" style="width:100%; border:1px solid black;">
<div id="#inner1" style="border:1px solid blue; display:inline">
inner div 1. Some text...
</div>
inner div 2...
</div>
</div>
You can see it working here: http://jsbin.com/adiwi
From your code it looks like you are trying to get a horizontal line to fill the empty space in your div. If I'm correct your looking to create a visual effect with markup. Correct me if I'm wrong.
(Would be nice to see an image of what you want)
Example:
Title ---------------------------
or
Title: Caption ------------------
This is not best practice. You should try to get this effect with CSS.
Try making your code more semantic first:
<div id="#outer" style="width:100%; border:1px">
<h3 style="border:1px; display:inline">
Caption
</h3>
</div>
To get the line:
create an image with the color you
want
make its height the same that you
want the line to be in px
position it with the background
property
.
#outer h3 {
display: inline;
background-color: #000;
color: #FFF;
}
#outer {
width: 100%; /* is the default of block element but just for celerity */
background: #000 url('image path') center left; /* position the image */
}
Your first problem is that you are prefixing your ids with a '#'. The # is only used in CSS to refer to the element with that id, e.g. the CSS rule #outer{width:100%} refers to your element:
<div id="outer"></div>
Also you don't need to use width's on div's (or any other block elements) that aren't floated, as they already automatically take up 100% of the available width.
If you want to the 2 DIVs to appear on the same line you have to float the first one to the left. The adjacent DIV will then appear on the side, again you don't need to sepecify widthd for the second element. Here is your complete example including a different coloured border for each div.
I've made the borders bigger so you can see clearer whats going on.
<html><body>
<style type="text/css">
#outer {
border: solid 5px #c00;
}
#inner1 {
border: solid 5px #0c0;
float: left;
width: 200px;
height: 300px;
}
#inner2 {
border: solid 5px #00c;
height: 300px;
margin-left: 210px; /* 200px left width + 2 x 5px borders */
}
</style>
<div id="outer">
<div id="inner1">
inner div 1. Some text...
</div>
<div id="inner2">
inner div 2...
</div>
</div>
</body></html>
Another solution is to run a javascript which resizes the captionLine class when document has loaded like this.
Took some time to get it working under IE8, have not tried IE7 but should work.
2 things to note.
IE does not support getElementsByClassName, therefor this function is rewritten.
IE handles margins differently when objects are resized and moved with style.marginLeft, somehow IE seems to keep the margin in the class declaration and adds this to the new style.margin.
<body onload="resizeCaptionLine()">
<style>
caption {
border: 1px solid blue;
padding: 0px;
}
.captionText {
border: 1px solid red;
float: left;
}
.captionLine {
background-color:black;
margin: 0px;
margin: 5px 0px 0px 5px;
border: 0px;
padding: 0px;
padding-top: 1px;
}
</style>
<table style="width:300px;">
<caption width="100%" name="caption1">
<div class="captionText">Some text</div>
<div class="captionLine"> </div>
</caption>
<tr>
<td>something</td>
</tr>
</table>
<table style="width:300px;">
<caption width="100%" name="caption2">
<div class="captionText">Some text</div>
<div class="captionLine"> </div>
</caption>
<tr>
<td>something</td>
</tr>
</table>
<script type="text/javascript">
function getElementsByClassName(node, class_name) {
elems = node.all || node.getElementsByTagName('*');
var arr = new Array();
for(j = 0; j < elems.length; j++)
{
if (elems[j].className == class_name)
arr[arr.length] = elems[j];
}
return arr;
}
function resizeCaptionLine()
{
var elems = getElementsByClassName(document, 'captionLine');
for(i = 0; i < elems.length ; i++)
{
var parent = elems[i].parentNode;
var sibling = getElementsByClassName(parent, 'captionText');
var width = parent.offsetWidth - sibling[0].offsetWidth;
if(elems[i].currentStyle)
{
var currentMargin = elems[i].currentStyle.marginLeft;
var margin = parseInt(currentMargin.substr(0,currentMargin.length-2));
elems[i].style.marginLeft = (sibling[0].offsetWidth) + "px";
}
else if (document.defaultView && document.defaultView.getComputedStyle)
{
var currentStyle = document.defaultView.getComputedStyle(elems[i], '');
var currentMargin = currentStyle.marginLeft;
var margin = parseInt(currentMargin.substr(0,currentMargin.length-2));
elems[i].style.marginLeft = (sibling[0].offsetWidth + margin) + "px";
}
else
{
var currentMargin = elems[i].style.marginLeft;
var margin = parseInt(currentMargin.substr(0,currentMargin.length-2));
elems[i].style.marginLeft = (sibling[0].offsetWidth) + "px";
}
elems[i].style.width = (width - margin)+"px";
}
}
</script>
</body>
Answer is really simple! If you have fixed div (menu) on the left side, then give fixed div float: left and your right flexible div margin-left that is bigger then width of first fixed div.

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